Regular English verbs. Forms of verbs in English So how to determine whether a verb is regular or not

English verbs to appear, to seem are translated into Russian by verbs of the imperfect form “to seem, to appear.” The Russian perfective verb "to appear" corresponds to English verbs to turn out, to prove. These verbs are used as a predicate in sentences with an infinitive:

They seemed to be discussing something important.
They seemed to be discussing something important.

David looks sad. He appears to have heard some bad news.
David looks sad. It seems he heard bad news.

The instrument didn't turn out to be any good.
The tool turned out to be unusable.

Steve proved to be a careless driver.
Steve turned out to be a reckless driver.

Verb to seem refers to an informal, conversational style, whereas to appear belongs to the literary style. However, in sentence structure they can be used interchangeably:

Cora seems (appears) to be happy.
Cora seems happy.

Lionel seemed (appeared) surprised by the news.
Lionel seemed surprised by the news.

Note:

It should be remembered that when translating Russian sentences such as: “She seems to have been born in Moscow. He seems to have written a new book,” the use of verbs should be avoided to appear, to seem. Here it is appropriate to use the phrase I think (I believe):

I think (believe) she was born in Moscow.
She seems to have been born in Moscow.

I think (believe) he has written a new book.
He seems to have written a new book.

Verbs to turn out, to prove- “to appear” - differ in stylistic coloring; verb to prove belongs to the literary style, and in colloquial speech preference is given to the verb to turn out:

She turned out (proved) to be right.
She turned out to be right.

The man turned out (proved) to be a famous artist.
It turned out that this man was a famous artist.

Note:

Verb to appear also has the meaning “to appear” and is not included in this synonymous series. Its synonyms are the verbs: to come in, to arrive, to enter:

Soon a small dot appeared in the sky above their heads; it was their long-awaited plane.
Soon a small dot appeared above their heads; this was their long-awaited plane.

Verb to prove also means “to prove right, wrong, etc.” and is not included in this synonymous series. Its synonyms are the verbs: to demonstrate, to establish:

The exception proves the rule.
The exception proves the rule.

The man was delighted to prove his skill.
The man was happy to show his skills.

To train your skills in using the verbs discussed, we suggest taking a test on our website:

Verb- this is an independent part of speech that answers the questions what to do?, what to do? (to be, to study, to dream, to go...)

According to the method of formation of past tense forms (V2) and past participles (V3), all verbs of the English language are divided into 2 groups: regular verbs (Regular Verbs) and irregular verbs (Irregular verbs).

The English verb has three forms. Verb forms are designated by Roman numerals I, II, III.

I form(or an infinitive without to), for example: to make (to do) – make – the first, or main form, which answers the question what to do?, what to do? Using the first form of the verb, the Present Simple Tense is formed. When forming Present Simple Tense, the ending is added to the I form of the verb in the 3rd person singular (he, she, it – he, she, it) –s or -es(he jumpes, she jumpes, it jumpes, he cries, she cries, it cries, he does, she does, it does) . With other pronouns (I, we, you, you, they - I, we, you, you, they) the I form of the verb is used without changes.

II form serves to form the simple past tense (Past Simple Tense). When forming the simple past tense, both regular and irregular verbs are used. Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form –ed(jump – jumped – jump – jumped) . If the verb is not regular, then its past tense form corresponds to the second column in the table of irregular verbs (be – was/were, do – did, make – made).

III form- Participle II (Participle II) is a special form of the verb that denotes the attribute of an object by action and answers the questions of the adjective (lost, baked, made). For regular verbs, form III coincides with form II: jump (I) – jumped (II) – jumped (III) (jump – jumped – jumped). II and III forms of irregular verbs can be formed in various ways, indicated below.

Regular verbs

Regular verbs form II and III forms by adding a suffix to the stem I form -ed (-d), which is pronounced like:

• [ d] after vowels and voiced consonants: to clean (clean) – cleaned (cleaned); to play (play) - played (played);
• [ t] after the deaf ones: to work (work) – worked (worked), to look (look) – looked (looked);
• after [d] And [t]: to want (want) – wanted (wanted), to mend (repair) – mended (repaired).

When forming II and III forms of verbs, pay attention to the following spelling rules:

• If the I form is a short root syllable and ends with one consonant, then when adding the ending –ed the last vowel of the root is doubled: to stop (stop) – sto pped(has stopped).
• -y, preceded by a consonant, the letter y changes to i: to carry (carry) - carried (carried), to study (study) - studied (studied). But if the stem of the verb ends in -y, preceded by a vowel, then simply adds to the stem of the verb - ed: to play (play) – played (played), to stay (stay) – remained (remained).
• If the stem of the verb ends in -e, which is not pronounced, then II and III forms of the verb are formed by adding the ending - d: to arrive (arrive) – arrived (arrived).

Irregular Verbs

Irregular Verbs- these are verbs that have special, fixed forms of the past tense and participles; their forms do not have a clear formation algorithm and are acquired by memorizing: to make (to do) - made (made) - made (made). Most English irregular verbs are native English, derived from verbs that existed in Old English. Most irregular verbs exist as remnants of historical conjugation systems (changing the verb according to persons - I'm going, you're going, he's going...).

Irregular verbs are used to form the past simple (Past Simple), present perfect (Present Simple), past perfect tenses (Past Perfect), in passive voice (Passive voice), when converting direct speech into indirect speech (Reported speech), in conditional sentences ( Conditional sentences).

table of irregular verbs

How to remember forms of irregular verbs?

The vocabulary of modern English contains a huge number of words, among which one of the most important niches is occupied by English verbs. Verbs in English can also be regular. There are a large number of tables presenting the complex category of irregular English verbs from a wide variety of angles. Many people, when learning English, pay their main attention to them when mastering the verbal system of this language. However, regular verbs deserve no less attention, since although their formation is much simpler, it also has its own subtleties. And the most important thing is that in English speech their number is incomparably greater than the number of irregular verbs.

So, regular and irregular verbs form basic verb forms according to different principles, that is, the difference lies at the basis of their formation. The main forms of the English verb are usually considered to be three - (1) Infinitive, (2) Past Simple, (3) Participle II, although, strictly speaking, it would be more correct to consider the four main verb forms, adding to them (4) Participle I Let us consider the formation of these forms using the example of several regular and irregular English verbs.

Irregular and regular verbs of the English language: four main verb forms

A short explanation of the four verb forms:

- The first form - indefinite or initial - is the form of the verb in dictionaries and the starting point for the formation of other forms of verbs.

- The second form is the form of the verb in the indefinite past tense, naming an action that has already occurred, a completed process, or an achieved state.

- The third form is also directly related to the past tense, but is participle II (passive), which contains an indication that some action or process (as well as state) not only happened in the past, but is currently completed.

— The fourth form reflects the present tense and is the participle I (active).

From the table above, it immediately becomes obvious that forms (1) and (4) are the same for all verbs, but (2) and (3) are different. In the first (original) form, all verb units have no endings, and in the fourth, the participle ending I - ing is added to the stem - in these forms all verbs demonstrate complete unity. But when forming the second and third forms, verbs can go in two different ways - (1) correct (by adding the ending –ed to the stem according to the rule common to all verb units) and (2) incorrect (not subject to any uniform rules of formation) . It is at this moment that the division of verbs into regular and irregular occurs. Irregular verbs are studied using special tables, and regular ones very simply form their basic forms (2) and (3), which coincide with each other. However, there are still a number of important points that you should definitely pay attention to and remember some subtleties.

— If at the end of the verb stem (basic form) there is a silent e, then from the ending – ed the vowel e is dropped and only –d is added, for example: evaluate – appreciate => appreciated; announce, announce – announce => announced.

- If the verb stem is monosyllabic and there is a short vowel sound in it, then (only in writing) the consonant in last place is doubled, for example: drip - drop => dropped; hum, buzz – hum => hummed.

If at the end of the verb stem (basic form) there are hissing or voiceless consonants, then the added ending –ed also becomes voiceless and is read as t, for example: attach, attache - attache - => attached; mix, mix – mix => mixed.

The added ending –ed will be pronounced as a voiced d in cases where the stem (basic form) has a voiced consonant or vowel at the end, for example: identify, identify – identify => identified; measure, count – measure => measured. In this case, the y at the end of the verb stem (only if it is preceded by a consonant) in forms (2) and (3) changes to ie. If there is a vowel in front of it, then no changes will occur.

The added ending –ed will be pronounced as id when the letters d or t are at the end of the base form, for example: add, add – add => added; warn about the onset of danger – alert => alerted.

In the past tense, the verb after any pronoun comes in the same form - with the ending - ed - or completely changes its shape. In the first case, we are dealing with regular verbs whose endings are - ed . In the second case, we are faced with irregular verbs.

You cannot add to them - E.D. , because in the past tense these verbs change completely.

This is exactly what we are seeing with do. It's not in the past tense done (as it should be according to the rule), and did , because do is an irregular verb.

So how do you determine whether a verb is regular or not?

A little “female” logic will help us here: you just need to learn the table of irregular verbs and their translation. Those not on this list are correct. But the catch is that there are about 200 irregular verbs! And multiply this number by 3 (an irregular verb has 3 forms: one is the present tense, the second is the past tense, the third is the participle). However, the list of verbs necessary in everyday life is not so extensive - almost 2 times less. You need to know them first of all.

How to remember irregular verbs?

Repeat out loud 3 forms of each verb, so they are perfectly remembered - like a rhyme! Or print out a book to quickly memorize irregular verbs ().

Table of irregular verbs with translations

Table. Irregular verbs with translation

[əˈpɪə]

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verb

1. appear (appear, arise)
2. seem (look, imagine, appear)
3. manifest (to appear, to appear, to appear, to show)
4. figure
5. go out
6. appear
7. appear (appear)
8. protrude
9. open up
10. render

Verb forms

Phrases

appear in public
appear in public

appear in Europe
appear in Europe

appear simultaneously
arise simultaneously

appear so
seem so

appear exactly
look like this

appear to men
show yourself to people

appear already
appear already

appear for trial
appear in court

appear regularly
go out regularly

appear before God
stand before God

appear here
perform here

Offers

It doesn't appear to be wise, does he?
He doesn't look smart, right?

You"re required by law to appear in person
Personal appearance is required by law.

He was summoned to appear in court.
He was summoned to court.

You didn't come at night, you didn't appear during the day either. Do you think we"re jacking off? No, we"re fucking others!
You didn't come at night, You didn't show up during the day. Do you think we're jerking off? No! We eat others!

Their view of life may appear strange.
Their views on life may seem strange.

I would like a list of the Italian words that don"t appear in the corpus yet.
I would like a list of Italian words that are not yet in the corpus.

My name doesn't appear on the list.
My name does not appear on the list.

The boy is sick, though he doesn't appear so.
The boy is sick, although he doesn't look like it.

Orchids were one of the first flowers to appear on Earth.
Orchids were one of the first flowers to appear on Earth.

Michael Clarke has conceded that his men appear not to have learned from their crushing defeat.
Michael Clarke admitted his players appeared to have learned nothing from the crushing defeat.

It appears to me that you are right.
It seems to me that you are right.

Incidentally, I’m curious to know what that sign’s made out of. The “sign” part of the side is clearly quite thick, and the wood it’s attached to appears to be some manner of uneven plank.
By the way, it’s interesting what this sign is made of. The front side of the sign is clearly quite massive, and it is mounted on some kind of uneven board.

It appears we have a problem.
Apparently we have a problem.

It appears that he"s a student.
He seems to be a student.

It appears I've dosed off.
I think I dozed off.

The diamond appears genuine.
It looks like a real diamond.

This planet appears to be suited for colonization.
This planet looks suitable for colonization.

It appears the storm has calmed down.
The storm seems to have calmed down.

He appears to be wealthy, with the numerous houses he has.
He appears to be rich with the numerous houses he has.

It appears to me that we misunderstand him.
I think we misunderstood him.

After sunset, a thin mist appeared over the field.
After sunset, a ghostly fog appeared over the field.

Tom appeared calm.
Tom seemed calm.

He appeared in many movies.
He appeared in many films.

Suddenly a bear appeared before us.
Suddenly a bear appeared in front of us.

The conductor appeared on the stage.
The conductor appeared on stage.

A face appeared at the window.
Someone's face appeared in the window.

She was forty, but she appeared older.
She was forty, but she looked older.

A large ship appeared on the horizon.
A large ship appeared on the horizon.

The boy appeared to be in bad health.
The boy seemed to be unwell.

The sun suddenly appeared from behind a cloud.
The sun suddenly appeared from behind a cloud.