Preparing a child for school. School is a new life

We present to your attention an excerpt from the book " About the psychology of raising children" Glushakova O.A., Dubovets Zh.V., Medvedskaya S.F. - ODO "Educational company "Assistance" - 2009

Description: Preserving and strengthening the mental and psychological health of children, emotional well-being and spiritual comfort, and promoting the emotional and personal development of preschoolers can only be achieved through the joint efforts of specialists from preschool institutions and families.

"GOING TO SCHOOL SOON or Psychological preparation of a child for school"

Child's admission to school- this, on the one hand, is a joyful, long-awaited moment, and on the other hand, a tense, restless period for both parents and children. All parents want to see their children as excellent students who succeed in all their endeavors, so they begin to teach their children to read, write, and count in advance, forgetting that both reading and writing are based on the development of cognitive processes: memory, attention, thinking, imagination, perception. And if at least one of the above processes is not formed in a child, then studying at school will create certain difficulties both for the child and for the adults around him. Let's look at how cognitive processes affect a child's success in school.

Perception. The first thing your child will encounter in class is the need to navigate a new space. There is an open notebook in front of him. Will he be able, at the teacher’s request, to quickly retreat so many squares to the right, so many down, and start from the red line? Do you think it will be easy for a child to continue the lesson if its beginning has already been overshadowed? That is why, already at the age of 5-6 years, it is important to teach a child to navigate in space, to learn where the right, left, top, and bottom of the sheet are. You can consolidate your knowledge by writing a graphic dictation with your child.

Attention. If attention processes are not formed, then it will be difficult for the child to concentrate his attention on the educational material; he will often be distracted and miss educational material in class. Attention can be formed and developed with the help of simple tasks. For example:

Ask your child to decorate a piece of paper with a frame. The frame should consist of certain figures, for example: crosses, squares and circles, which must be placed in a certain sequence without disturbing it.

Let the child compare paired pictures and find differences in them, etc. Find ten differences, etc.

Memory. There are two types of memory: short-term (it is superficial and fragile) and long-term, which is supported by the search for the meaning of what is being remembered. You can train your child’s memory by offering him the following exercises:

- “Look and remember.” The child is asked to look at the picture for 10 seconds and then draw what he remembers.

Learning poetry, tongue twisters, “Listen and Describe” with your child. This exercise is used to train both visual memory (“look”) and auditory memory (“hear”). You can say: “Now I will read the words, and you, having heard each layer, imagine what what I call looks like, its taste, smell, sounds it can make, etc. For example: toothpaste on the appearance is white and shiny, with a minty smell and taste.

Thinking. The thinking process allows us to identify the essential features of objects and phenomena, natural connections and complex relationships between them, their essence. Simple games, such as “Odd Four”, “Name in One Word” and others, will help teach a child the ability to analyze and synthesize, to identify the main and secondary in practical life.

Development of fine motor skills of hands- one of the important indicators of a child’s readiness for school. Weak fine motor skills of the hand can lead to the child getting tired during writing lessons and his handwriting getting worse from line to line. At the same time, he will inexorably lag behind his peers. Therefore, it is so important to pay attention to the development of fine motor skills of the hands.

You can create a positive attitude in learning if the following rules are taken into account:

Training requires systematicity: 10-15 minutes every day will give greater results than an hour or two on weekends.

It is necessary to take into account the principle “from simple to complex”, i.e. you cannot immediately teach a child everything you know and can do. Each new element should be added gradually, when previous knowledge and skills have already been acquired. Don’t forget to evaluate your successes, and in case of failures, approve your actions with the words: “Next time you will definitely do better.”

The leading activity for a child at this age is play, so try to conduct classes in a playful way (“What’s gone?”, “What’s changed?”, “Words-cities”, etc.).

Children are emotionally responsive, so if a child does not want to play a game or is not feeling well, it is better to postpone the activity. Game communication should be interesting for both him and you, since in this case a positive atmosphere is created for the development and assimilation of knowledge and skills.

Your child reads, counts and writes. But for some reason psychologists say that it is too early to send him to school. What should a child be able to do to be considered prepared for school? And can parents prepare it themselves? What methods do psychologists use to identify a child’s intelligence level? And what methods exist to correct certain developmental delays?

You will find answers to these and many other questions related to the psychological preparation of a child for school in this book.

This book is for primary school teachers, school psychologists, social workers, and for everyone who works with primary schoolchildren. It presents simple methods for determining a child’s level of preparation for school and recommendations for creating multi-level classes. It talks in detail about ways to correct school fears and anxiety in children. The development of human studies and communication lessons in elementary school is interesting.

A special chapter is devoted to children who are poorly prepared for school and who do not adapt well to new conditions. The book ends with a chapter addressed to teachers and parents. It tells you how to identify your personal characteristics and level of professional training, how to engage in self-management, establish contact between teachers and parents and organize work with them.

In the manual "School failure: causes, psychocorrection, psychoprophylaxis: Textbook." Lokalova N.P. examines a number of factors influencing the success of school education, outlines the psychological, psychophysiological, psychological and pedagogical reasons for school failure of primary, middle and high school students. The features of the development of cognitive, motivational, emotional, voluntary-regulatory spheres in students with cognitive difficulties in learning are described. The reasons for the difficulties of younger schoolchildren in learning the Russian language, reading and mathematics are given. The book pays significant attention to the issue of psychoprophylaxis of school failure. A special feature of this textbook is the inclusion after each topic of fragments from psychological and pedagogical works of different authors in order to provide deeper and more detailed coverage of the relevant problem.

The manual is intended for students of psychological and pedagogical faculties, school psychologists, primary and secondary school teachers.

The textbook examines the basic theoretical concepts and problems of a child’s psychological readiness for school, and presents various aspects of the mental health of schoolchildren. The role of psychological support for the family when a child enters school is shown. Particular attention is paid to the consideration of the components of psychological readiness. The textbook is intended for students of the Faculty of Psychology and practical psychologists.

The guidelines for conducting a psychological examination of preschool children to determine readiness for school present methods for diagnosing the main components of a child’s school maturity. Particular attention is paid to the methodology for drawing up a psychological report based on the results of the examination, and some recommendations are given to increase the child’s level of readiness for school.

Manual "Children's psychodiagnostics: Practical lessons: Methodological instructions" Comp. Yu.V. Filippov is intended for 4th-5th year students of the Faculty of Psychology, specializing in “Pedagogical Psychology”. The presented material is aimed at preparing students for practical training in the course "Children's psychodiagnostics" in the section "Methods for diagnosing school maturity."

The book “Psychological readiness for school” by Gutkina N.I. - the result of many years of research into the problem of children’s psychological readiness for school. The author has developed a holistic concept of the phenomenon under study, on the basis of which an original diagnostic and developmental program has been created. The book describes in detail the methodology for developing cognitive interest in children, as well as educational motivation and voluntary behavior in learning. It explains in detail what a development group is and how to conduct it correctly. The appendix contains games for the development of thinking, attention, memory, motor skills, etc., used in the development group.

Parents of all future first-graders want their children to have a good time at school. What does it mean? So that new friends appear in the class, communication with whom brings pleasure. So that the child goes to school in a good mood, and he enjoys studying and learning something new every day. It is not enough to teach a preschooler to write, read and count. Psychological preparation is also extremely important, because school is a completely new life, a new world. You will have to remain in the status of a schoolchild for many years. The child needs to feel comfortable in it.

Creating a positive image of the school

In order for a child to want to go to school and wait for September 1 with joy and impatience, parents must create a positive image of the educational institution.

You can only talk about school in a positive way, and not only in conversations with your child. A preschooler should not hear adults talk about how teachers are bad now, children at school are ill-mannered monsters, and they give too much homework. It is completely unacceptable to intimidate a child at school, which, unfortunately, is what some parents do. “You’ll only get bad marks”, “The teacher will show you at school for this kind of behavior” - a preschooler should not hear anything like that from the mouth of his parents.

The child must be sure that he will like school, that the teacher will be friendly and friendly, and that he will make friends among his classmates. It is important not to deceive the child, not to tell him that school is a continuous holiday, because it is not. You can read children's stories about schoolchildren, watch feature films about them. Those who go to school with a positive attitude are more likely to have a good time there.

Motivation must be right

It is necessary to formulate a child’s motivation to study correctly. Some preschoolers seem to have an interest in going to school, but it is external. Such children want to try on the new status of a student, walk around with a beautiful backpack, use brand new stationery, and look like their older sisters or brothers. It is important to develop in a child a desire, passion, and interest in cognitive activity, to tell him that studying is a lot of new information. It is imperative to tell the preschooler what lessons will be in first grade and what they will study.

What skills does a first grader need?

Patience, self-discipline, the ability to listen without interrupting, perseverance - all this will be needed at school. Psychologists believe that all of the above skills are trained very well during joint games. Particularly useful among them are those where there are clearly defined rules: checkers and chess, “walkers”, everything else that requires following the rules. Another, no less useful game is children's school. Let the child have the opportunity to try himself in the role of a student and be a teacher.

Self-care skills are very important for a preschooler. Children at school will have to change clothes and shoes in the wardrobe, put on and take off their physical education uniform, deftly manage the contents of their school backpack - get and put away the necessary things. Those who do it too slowly become worried and nervous when they see their more agile classmates. Therefore, it is imperative that a child be taught self-care.

Communication and friendship skills are very important!

Which child finds it easier to adapt to an unusual school environment? After all, school is not only lessons, but also extracurricular activities, sports competitions, and team communication. Those who easily find a common language with classmates and know how to make friends. Children love and appreciate friendliness, responsiveness, and the ability not to be offended over trifles and not to conflict in their peers. Another important quality is the ability to seek and find compromises in different situations. Children who have the above skills feel more comfortable at school. The task of parents is to instill them in their child. The earlier the better.

It can be especially difficult for those children who have not attended kindergarten, do not have sufficient experience of communicating in groups, are shy by nature, and have low self-esteem. Adults should help children join the company, teach them to communicate and make friends.

Get to know the school in advance

For a preschooler, school is something completely new and incomprehensible. Most children are anxious and wary of everything unfamiliar. Children who have already been within the walls of its building go to school much more calmly and imagine what the classrooms look like from the inside. Now many educational institutions offer future students something like preparatory courses. If parents have the opportunity to take their child there, they should take advantage of it. Perhaps the child will not receive any fundamentally new knowledge in the courses. But he learns in practice how lessons are held at school, how to behave during school, how to respond to the teacher.

During breaks, it is worth walking along the corridors, showing your child where the dining room, gym, toilet, and wardrobe are located. When a new student crosses the threshold of an educational institution on September 1, he will feel much more confident.

We have already set our teeth on edge with these hackneyed phrases that “all people are different,” and each child requires an individual approach to learning. But in practice, both family and school often fail in this. Any educational measures and successful preparation for learning require us to have precise knowledge of how the child’s psyche works. How does one child differ from another, why does he have exactly these characteristics, qualities, desires and priorities?

The volume of academic workload that a child has to master during schooling increases from year to year. Therefore, preparing children for school has become an urgent necessity; thanks to it, a newly-minted student will be able to feel confident and calm.

But it can be difficult for parents to figure out what the school requires, what kind of training this or that skill requires. But there is also the so-called psychological readiness. It is important that children have a desire to learn and can successfully adapt to a group of peers. Only in this case will school be a joy for them, and will not become a long-term hard labor.

Different characters - different approach

As the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan explains, any person, be it an adult or a toddler, has his own set of innate characteristics and qualities, called vectors. They determine our desires and aspirations, our abilities. Without accurate knowledge of this, our attempts at training preparation may not only be fruitless, but also cause damage.

Students are different, requirements are the same

On the other hand, the school puts forward standardized requirements for the child. Adaptation to learning requires preparation in the following areas:

preparing a child’s fine motor skills for writing;

reading and counting skills, simple arithmetic operations;

a sufficient level of development of speech and figurative thinking (the ability to compose a story based on a picture, retell the text);

a sufficient supply of knowledge about the surrounding world (seasons, plants and animals, professions of people, etc.);

psychological readiness for the format of education that the school provides (a sufficient level of development of attention, thinking and memory, the ability to adapt in a team and follow general requirements).

Is it possible to successfully prepare a preschooler for this format of education, taking into account his innate abilities? System-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan suggests that this is possible. Any preschooler can master this standardized list of skills, but the preparation of each child must take into account the characteristics of his psyche.

How to teach a fidget

Particularly concerned about preparing children for school are those parents whose child is nimble and active and has difficulty concentrating on the material being studied. He prefers active games and sports, but it can be difficult to sit him down at the table. What should I do? After all, school will require perseverance and attention from him.

System-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan explains that such a dexterous and agile, competitive and leadership-seeking tomboy is the owner.

By nature, he is given good abilities in design activities, he has flexible logical thinking. Typically, a skin child easily masters arithmetic and counting skills.

Special games for the fastest

You can rely on these innate properties to make it easier for your baby to learn the necessary preschool program. Try to present any educational information to him in the form of an outdoor game. For example, you can study numbers using “classics” drawn on the asphalt.

Learning to read from a routine can be turned into solving some kind of fascinating puzzle; a skinned child is more likely to solve a problematic problem than monotonously read out loud.

Numerous construction sets with small parts, crafts such as “origami” or three-dimensional 3D puzzles will help prepare your fidget’s hand for writing.

Construction is a natural ability that such a child possesses; it will definitely bring him joy.

The development of imaginative thinking and speech, which school requires, is also much easier to convey to a small child in active play. Such a child will be able to look at a picture for only a few seconds, but he can recreate a story based on it in active action, replaying this story in motion.

In the development of skin restlessness, discipline, an adequate system of prohibitions and restrictions, and a daily routine are important. This approach will be able to provide him with the necessary perseverance that school requires.

Best student

A child with a child has a completely different psyche by nature. Potentially, he is the best student; learning and accumulating knowledge is his natural desire. School can become the most beloved and desired place for him if the parent follows systemic recommendations for raising and educating such a child.

An anal child is slow and inactive. It takes him more time to process information, since he analyzes it at the input, systematizes it in his head, putting it into “neural boxes”.

Without knowledge of system-vector psychology by Yuri Burlan, we often make the same mistake: we try to rush and urge such a slow baby.

Slow and stubborn - looking for a special approach

“Well, how long will you continue to dig! Come quickly!" - the parent hurries, and thereby causes great damage. Over time, such an interruption in the thought processes of a slow baby leads to the fact that he generally begins to “fall into a stupor”, “get stuck” even when answering the simplest question. In addition, by resisting this action, the anal child begins to become stubborn, and may subsequently refuse to engage in activities precisely for this reason.

Give such a child more time to think, do not interrupt him. It is better to organize its training in a calm environment at a table or sitting on the sofa.

“Leader of the Redskins” or “Rescuers, Go!”

Among the children's group there is a small percentage (about 5%) of children with. These are the natural leaders of the children's “pack”. They do not perceive prohibitions and restrictions at all, therefore it's no use forcing them to do anything. They need a different approach.

Trying to “break” urethral children is a crime against society, since they are our future. Striving into the unknown, future pioneers making brilliant breakthroughs - this is how the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan describes them.

It is possible to prepare such a “little leader” for what the school requires, relying on his natural property - responsibility for the flock. Let the phrase “Vasya, we can’t cope without you” become the key in your appeal to him. Calculate how many candies and apples you need to take for everyone on a picnic. Organize a game to “rescue” your mother or friend, during which he must complete various kinds of educational tasks.

Imaginative and abstract thinking

Every preschooler can develop a sufficient level of figurative and abstract thinking that school requires. But there are children for whom such abilities are natural.

As the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan explains, a child with the ability for imaginative thinking has the ability, and a genius possessor of abstract thinking is a sound person.

It is advisable for children with a visual vector to read fairy tales for empathy and compassion, because they are by nature very sensitive and emotional.

Learning skills for them can be woven into compassion play, such as having a visual child play the role of a nurse or doctor.

From an early age, children are interested in questions about how the world works and where everything came from. In the future he may become a brilliant scientist, but this requires the development of his properties from an early age.

The educational load for them can be given based on this natural interest of the sound student: together they can draw a map of the starry sky or count the number of bones in the human skeleton on an anatomical atlas.

School is a joy

Classes in system-vector psychology by Yuri Burlan will allow you to accurately determine the natural structure of your child’s psyche, because modern man is the owner of 3-5 vectors at once. Many of our listeners left

A child’s readiness for school is determined by the totality of his general, intellectual and psychological preparation.

Psychological readiness for school does not arise in children on its own, but develops gradually and requires special classes with the child.

What is the manifestation of unpreparedness for schooling?

A child unprepared for school cannot concentrate on the lesson, is often distracted, and cannot join the general routine of the class. He shows little initiative, gravitates toward stereotyped actions and decisions, and has difficulty communicating with adults and peers about educational tasks. Not even all 7-year-olds are ready for school in this sense, although they may be able to read and count, not to mention 6-year-olds. “Being ready for school does not mean being able to read, write and do math. To be ready for school means to be ready to learn all this” (Wenger L.A.).

The origins of possible school difficulties and troubles are often hidden in preschool childhood. Until a child is 6-7 years old, parents do not often pay attention to the child’s development, to the peculiarities of his communication with surrounding adults and peers, to the presence or absence of a desire to learn. And at school, “suddenly,” from the parent’s point of view, a completely normal child begins to experience and accumulate difficulties, sometimes becoming chronic.

How to psychologically prepare a child for school?

A child entering school must have a certain level of cognitive interests, a readiness to change social position, and a desire to learn. But remember that the desire to go to school and the desire to learn are significantly different from each other. A child should strive to go to school to learn something new. Many parents understand how important it is for a child to want to learn, so they tell their child about school, about teachers and about the knowledge acquired at school. All this creates a desire to learn and creates a positive attitude towards school. Information about your child’s motivation can also be obtained by observing the role-playing game “School”. Children who are ready for school prefer to play the role of students; they write, read, solve problems and answer questions at the board, and receive grades. Unprepared children and those younger in age choose the role of a teacher, and also concentrate on moments of change, the situation of coming and leaving school, and greeting the teacher.

The next condition for successful study is developing the child’s ability to overcome difficulties. It is important to teach children to finish what they start. Next, you need to prepare the preschooler for the inevitable difficulties in learning. The awareness that these difficulties can be overcome helps the child to have a correct attitude towards his possible failures.

When preparing for school, parents should teach their child and analytical skills: the ability to compare, contrast, draw conclusions and generalizations. To do this, a preschooler must learn to listen carefully to a book or an adult’s story, to correctly and consistently express his thoughts, and to construct sentences correctly. After reading, it is important to find out what and how the child understood. This teaches the child to analyze the essence of what he read, and in addition, teaches coherent, consistent speech, and consolidates new words in the dictionary. After all, the more perfect a child’s speech, the more successful his education at school will be.

It is also important to cultivate in a child curiosity, voluntary attention, and the need to independently search for answers to questions that arise. After all, a preschooler whose interest in knowledge is not sufficiently developed will behave passively in the lesson, it will be difficult for him to direct his effort and will to complete tasks.

An important role is played by personal readiness for school. This includes the child’s need to communicate with peers and the ability to communicate, as well as the ability to play the role of a student, as well as the adequacy of the child’s self-esteem. To get an idea of your child’s self-esteem, you can offer him the “Ladder” technique. Draw a staircase consisting of 11 steps. Then say that all the people in the world are located on this ladder: from the best to the worst. At the top, on the very top step, is the best person, and at the bottom, at the very bottom step, is the worst person, in the middle are average people. Invite your child to determine where his place is, on which step. For younger schoolchildren, level 6-7 can be considered the norm, for preschoolers it can be higher, up to 11, but not lower than 4 - this is already a signal of trouble.

For a future student, perseverance, the ability to regulate one’s behavior, the ability to carry out a not very attractive task for quite a long time, and the ability to finish something started without giving up halfway are important to a certain extent. You can train attention, concentration and perseverance in everyday activities. Board games, games with construction kits and Legos, modeling, appliqué, etc. are good for developing perseverance. , that is, those games that last for quite a long time.

In addition to all of the above, the child must undoubtedly have social skills, feel confident when outside the home: you need to be able to dress and undress yourself, change shoes, tie shoelaces, deal with buttons and zippers on clothes, and be able to use a public toilet.

In advance:

Introduce your child to his teacher before school officially starts.

Visit his future classroom several times, let him sit at his desk and take a good look at everything so that the environment does not seem unfamiliar to the child, take a walk around the school and the schoolyard together.

Try to introduce your child to some of his classmates in advance. It’s good if the child goes to school not alone, but together with some classmate living in the neighborhood.

Tell your child about the approximate lesson schedule and the time allotted for lessons, breaks, lunch and a possible line-up before the start of classes, as well as when lessons begin and end.

Ask your child how he feels when going to school, about his positive and negative experiences. Try to focus your child's attention on the positive aspects: interesting activities and the opportunity to make new friends.

Tell your child that it is completely normal to feel nervous for the first few days, and that all children experience this without exception. Reassure him that if possible problems arise, you will help him solve them.

During the first days of classes

The start of school life is a difficult time for any child. The thought that he will have to exist in an unfamiliar environment, to be surrounded by unfamiliar people, causes anxiety in almost any first-grader. Properly preparing your child for the start of school can go a long way toward alleviating anxiety. Don’t forget about your feelings: if you yourself feel anxiety and excitement, they will probably be passed on to your child. Therefore, be calm and confident in yourself and your child, and do not let fears overshadow this important event in the child’s life.

Teacher-psychologist Zhogova A.S.

To prevent learning from becoming a torment for a child, it is not enough to simply teach him to read and count. The child must understand what is expected of him in the new role of a first-grader, and be internally prepared for it. How to achieve this?

Why do we need school?

Many psychologists like to ask children a question, the essence of which boils down to the following: do you want to study because they will buy you a new beautiful backpack and pencil case, or in order to know more? Often, motivation for school is external in nature - it is associated with the attributes of the student, but not with studies. The same thing happens if a child goes to school because of friends who will be in the same class with him, or to be like an older brother or sister.

Your task is to create in the future first-grader a positive image of the school itself, teaching, the teacher and the child himself as a student. If your child is already dreaming of a profession, explain to him that all people study in order to become what they want.

Valuable preschooler skills

Even with good reading and arithmetic skills, a student will have a difficult time if he is undisciplined. It is necessary to develop in the child the ability to listen and hear others, and not only the teacher, but also other children, with whom the task is often required. Will the child be able to put aside his games at home or outside if he needs to prepare his homework?

To develop discipline in your child, play games with rules with him - “walkers” with cubes and chips, checkers, chess, various board games. This will teach him to react correctly to limitations and be calm about the successes of others.

Another valuable skill for a preschooler is household self-organization. If your child constantly throws things and toys around and forgets to put them away, he will have a hard time at school. Form the useful habit of putting everything back in its place, just do it without aggression. This will be useful not only at school, but also in later life.

Child psychology: learning to communicate

In his class, the child will become part of a large team. And what place he will take in it depends on how much he knows how to interact with other children. If your baby is the only child in the family, a pet, and has not even been visited, and during a walk you come to the rescue, urgently change this picture! Take your child to activities that interest him, let him play with other children on his own, without interfering unnecessarily, go to visit friends with children and invite them to your place, in a word, teach him to communicate. Communication plays a very significant role in child psychology!

Observe how the child behaves in a crowd (in a store, at the airport), how he communicates with other adults. If your child has a fear of large crowds of people and strangers, start assigning him important tasks, for example, buying bread himself. Praise your child every time and tell him how much his help is appreciated.

Child's self-esteem

Both boys and girls who lack confidence in themselves, as well as children who consider themselves the center of the Universe, will have a difficult time at school. The former, even knowing everything perfectly, will be embarrassed to answer, and will be overshadowed by their more mediocre but relaxed classmates. And for those who are accustomed to adoration from their relatives, it will not be easy to realize that not everyone treats them the same way, and success still needs to be achieved.

To prevent this from happening, praise your child deservedly. There is no need to admire his every action as if he were one year old. He tries, he succeeds - praise sincerely. If it’s difficult, help, but don’t do everything for him.

If your child is pathologically shy and unsure of himself, let him open up and find something he likes, in which he will definitely achieve success. This will help him gain confidence and not get lost among his lively comrades in the class.

Tricks can be a wonderful help, but the child needs to learn them properly. And then the applause of the audience will not keep you waiting, and with it the child’s self-esteem will grow!

Psychological aspects of preparing children for school

Before a child goes to school, parents need to be sure that he is ready for a new step in his life. And an important factor here is the psychological aspects of preparing children for school. :

he has a desire to learn;
can finish what he started;
able to overcome difficulties in achieving a set goal;
knows how to concentrate his attention on something and hold it;
understands the purpose for which he will study at school;
does not shy away from society;
feels comfortable in a team;
knows how to get to know peers;
has analytical thinking skills - able to compare anything.

Psychological preparation for school: exercises

In order for a child to feel confident at school, he needs to be prepared for entering first grade. A very important aspect of this process is psychological preparation for school.