The image of the righteous woman in the work Matryonin Dvor. School essay on the topic “The image of the righteous woman in story A

The image of a righteous woman in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor.”

The purpose of the lesson: introduce students to the life and work of the writer A. I. Solzhenitsyn; teach them to independently obtain knowledge, formulate the theme and idea of ​​the work; develop logical thinking, teach students to think, analyze, draw conclusions; to cultivate kindness, mercy, love for people, responsibility for what is happening around us.

We all lived next to her and didn’t understand that she was the one the most righteous, without whom, According to the proverb, a village is not worth a city.

Neither the whole earth is ours.A. I. Solzhenitsyn

I. The teacher's word.

Today we will talk about the fate of a Russian woman who withstood the harsh trials of life, but managed to preserve the best human qualities: kindness, mercy, the ability to love and help people.

This is the heroine of the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matrenin’s yard” - Matryona Vasilievna Grigorieva.

The title of the story, due to censorship obstacles, was invented by A. Tvardovsky, editor of the New World magazine, where this work was first published in 1963. The original title was “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man.”

II. Analytical conversation.

1) Who is the righteous? What kind of person can we call righteous?

(Someone who believes in God, loves people...)

2) Let us explain the lexical meaning of the word “righteous” according to the explanatory dictionary of S.I. Ozhegova:

“The righteous is among believers: a person who lives a righteous life has no sins. Righteous - pious, sinless."

3) What first of all moves a Russian person to righteousness?

(The Christian faith, the Commandments of God regulate his behavior, relationships with people determine his worldview).

So, what accompanies the life of a righteous person?

Sinner

Faith in God, love for people, kindness, mercy, selflessness, the ability to forgive, humility, conscientiousness, pity for all living things, the ability to enjoy life, work as an opportunity to restore a good mood. Patience, natural behavior, unpretentiousness, unpretentiousness, endurance.

Evil, ill will, working for oneself and working carelessly for society, indifference, envy, greed, acquisitiveness - “good” in the meaning of property, rancor, selfishness.

4) Let's turn to the epigraph of the lesson. Is it possible to agree with the writer that the heroine of the story, Matryona Grigorieva, is a righteous man?

(Student evidence: Yes, kind, selfless, lived for people, nobility of soul).

5) Formulate the topic of today's lesson on the problem.

(The theme of righteousness in A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”).

6) What is the purpose of the lesson?(To follow the fate of a Russian woman, to prove that we can consider her a righteous person). The teacher corrects the students' answers and communicates the purpose of the lesson.

III. Teacher.

We have not yet studied the work of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. Who is he? Prophet, mentor or intercessor? He was seen either as the savior of the Fatherland, or as an enemy of the people, or as a teacher of life. Solzhenitsyn is an outstanding Russian writer, publicist and public figure. His name became known in literature in the 60s of the 20th century, then disappeared for many years. Why? Because he dared to tell the truth about the terrible Stalinist era, he created works that aroused the wrath of “domestic literary officials.” Stories about camp life, documentary and artistic research “The Gulag Archipelago”, the story “Cancer Ward”, the novel “In the First Circle” - works based on terrible memories of those who survived Stalin’s repressions. It is no coincidence that A.I. Solzhenitsyn has been called a classic of “camp” prose. 1970 was a significant year in the writer’s life. Solzhenitsyn won the Nobel Prize in Literature. But in February 1974 (in connection with the publication of volume 1 of the book “The Gulag Archipelago”) the writer was forcibly expelled from Russia. A plane carrying a single passenger landed in the German city of Frankfurt am Main. Solzhenitsyn was 55 years old.

IV. Life and creativity (Message from 4 students)

Teacher. 1994 “Dissident No. 1” - Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn - returns to his homeland to live and work for the sake of the future of Russia. He writes a lot, works with young talents, and establishes his own literary prize ($25 thousand). The first laureate is philologist V.N. Toporov.

V. Teacher. Now let’s turn to the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”, written in 1959, and the action in the story takes place in 1956. The work is largely autobiographical. It is known that Solzhenitsyn, having returned from the camps, worked in one of the schools, teaching mathematics, physics and astronomy. So, the topic of the lesson has been determined by you.

VI. Analytical conversation.

1) Which of the Russian writers of the 19th century addressed this topic? (N.S. Leskov, N.A. Nekrasov, Dostoevsky).N.S. Leskov wrote: “The people are not inclined to live without faith...”

2) How is the heroine’s religiosity depicted in the story? (Matrona observes the traditions and rules of life of a churchgoer: “a holy corner in a clean hut”, “an icon of St. Nicholas the Pleasant”. She lights a lamp “during the all-night service” (night service) and in the morning on holidays). : “Only she had fewer sins than the lame cat, she strangled mice.” Ignatich, Matryona’s guest, says that she began every business “with God.”

3) Tell us what else Ignatich learned about Matryona? (Matryona Vasilyevna is an elderly woman, a widow, who worked all her life on a collective farm, “not for money, but for sticks. For sticks of workdays in a grimy account book.” But she didn’t earn a single ruble for her pension. The heroine’s life is difficult. She lost her husband at the front , buried her children. Her relatives hardly helped her. But the worst thing is that she “decided to seek a pension,” since, according to the author, “There were a lot of injustices with Matryona”). Text.

4) What else did Matryona tell? What did you tell the guest about yourself?

5) What artistic details create a picture of Matryona’s life? (Text. Not indifferent to beauty - ficus trees).

6) Let’s observe the heroine’s speech. (Matryona’s speech is the speech of a peasant woman from the outback. “If you don’t know how, don’t cook, you’ll lose it,” she warned the tenant. Text, p. 37)

7) Guys, is there a detailed portrait of the heroine in the story? Why? (In describing Matryona’s appearance, Solzhenitsyn relies on Christian and aesthetic traditions).

8) But what portrait details of Matryona is the writer’s attention focused on? What is the role of details (. The author notes the simplicity and inconspicuousness of the heroine and at the same time the inner light emanating from her).

9) How do you understand the author’s phrase “Those people always have good faces who are at peace with their conscience”?

10) Analysis of the episode “Matryona listens to music.”

11) What kind of heroine do we see at work? (Matryona Vasilievna is a hard worker. She finds the meaning of life in work. Not a single plowing in the village could be done without her. She could not refuse help to anyone. Leaving her work, she went to help her neighbor. Text. She said without envy: “Ah, Ignatich, And she has big potatoes! She was digging for a reason, she didn’t want to leave the plot...” That’s how she is – a person of rare kindness).

12) Which heroine of 19th century literature does Matryona resemble? What do these heroines have in common? (Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina from Nekrasov’s poem... “I endure, and do not complain!”)

Matrena Vasilievna Grigorieva

“...Philip fell on his heart!” - got married, fell in love.

“I almost didn’t marry my beloved Thaddeus... The German war began.”

Give the shoes to Olenushka (sister-in-law), //Wife! - said Philip. //And she didn’t suddenly answer. //I lifted the pot, //It was such a burden: I couldn’t say it again. //Philip Ilyich became angry, //Waited until Korchaga was placed on the pole, //Yes, slap me on the temple!

“He never beat me once... That is, he did beat me once - I had a quarrel with my sister-in-law, he broke a spoon on my forehead”... All the bags were mine, I didn’t consider five pounds each heavy...”

(Let's count again: 16 * 5 = 80 kg!)

Five sons and the deceased firstborn Demushka.

Six children died in infancy. (Cf.: the second Matryona, Thaddeus’s wife, has six children. Of these, Kira was adopted).

Horse attempts // We carried; I took a walk, //Like a gelding in a harrow!

“The Talnovsky women have established precisely that it is harder and longer to dig up your garden with a shovel than to plow six gardens by yourself, taking a plow and harnessing six of them. That’s why they called Matryona to help.”

13) How is the world of people living next to Matryona different? (Text, p. 35)

VII. Work in groups.

1st group – the world of Talnovites 2nd group – the image of the author 3rd group – the role of artistic details 4th group – the role of landscapes Experts

VIII. Speech development. Students’ story based on pre-prepared drawings for the story “Matryona’s Yard” - “The Line of Fate of Matryona Grigorieva.”

Teacher: 1) How does Matryona herself accept her fate? Does she hold grudges against people? (Matryona Vasilyevna was unfairly offended by fate, people, power... neither her sisters nor the villagers understood her - she was not like the others. Despite everything, she did not become bitter; this woman, kind and selfless, retained the ability to love...)

2) How does Marten’s fate end? (Tragically).

3) Who is to blame for the death of the heroine? (Matryona was killed by someone else’s self-interest, greed, avarice).

Teacher: The author said the best about his heroine: “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous man without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.” This is the idea of ​​the story.

IX. Mini-essay: Can Matryona Grigorieva be considered a righteous woman?

The theme of righteousness appears in the works of literary artists from different times. Modern writers did not remain indifferent to it either. A. I. Solzhenitsyn gives his vision of this problem in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”.

“Matrenin’s Dvor” is a work that is completely autobiographical and authentic. The story described by Solzhenitsyn took place in the village of Miltsevo, Kuplovsky district, Vladimir region. Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova lived there.

The heroine of Solzhenitsyn's story is modest and inconspicuous. The author gives her a discreet appearance and does not give the reader a detailed portrait of her, but he constantly draws attention to Matryona’s smile, radiant, bright, kind. This is how Solzhenitsyn emphasizes Matryona’s inner beauty, which is much more important to him than external beauty. Matryona's speech is unusual. It is replete with colloquial and outdated words, dialect vocabulary. In addition, the heroine constantly uses words invented by herself (If you don’t know how, if you don’t cook, how will you lose it?”). Thus, the author reveals the idea of ​​​​the national character of Matryona.

The heroine lives “in the wilderness.” Matryona’s house “with four windows in a row on the cold, non-red side, covered with wood chips,” “the wood chips were rotting, the logs of the log house and the gates, once mighty, had turned gray from age, and their cover had thinned out.” The heroine's life is unsettled: mice, cockroaches. She acquired nothing except ficus owls, a goat, a languid cat, and a coat made from an overcoat. Matryona is poor, although she has worked all her life. She even obtained a tiny pension for herself with great difficulty. Nevertheless, the description of the heroine’s life gives a feeling of harmony that fills her poor home. The narrator feels comfortable in her house; the decision to stay with Matryona comes to him immediately. He notes about Matryonin’s courtyard: “.. there was nothing evil in it, there was no lie in it.”

Matryona lived a difficult life. Her fate was affected by the events of the First World War, in which Thaddeus was captured, and the events of the Great Patriotic War, from which her husband did not return. Collectivization was not spared either: the heroine worked on the collective farm all her life, and “not for money, but for sticks.” Even in recent days, her life has not been easy: all day long she has been going through the authorities, trying to get certificates to apply for a pension, she has big problems with peat, her new chairman has cut off her garden, she cannot get a cow because Mowing is not allowed anywhere; it is even impossible to buy a train ticket. It would seem that a person should have long ago become embittered, hardened against the circumstances of life. But no - Matryona does not hold a grudge against people or her lot. Her main qualities are her inability to do evil, love for her neighbor, and the ability to sympathize and have compassion. While still alive, the heroine gives up her upper room for scrapping for Kira, because “Matryona never spared either her labor or her goods.” She finds solace in work and is “dextrous in all work.” The narrator notes: “..she had a sure way to regain her good mood - work.” Matryona gets up every day at four or five in the morning. She digs “carts,” goes for peat, “for berries in the distant forest,” and “every day she had some other task.” At the first call, the heroine comes to the aid of the collective farm, relatives, and neighbors. Moreover, she does not expect or demand remuneration for her work. Work is a pleasure for her. “I was digging, I didn’t want to leave the site,” she says one day. “Matryona returned already enlightened, happy with everything, with her kind smile,” the narrator says about her. Those around her find Matryona’s behavior strange. Today they call her for help, and tomorrow they condemn her for not giving up. They speak of her “cordiality and simplicity” “with contemptuous regret.” The villagers themselves don’t seem to notice Matryona’s problems; they don’t even come to visit her. Even at Matryona’s wake, no one talks about her. Those gathered have one thing on their minds: how to divide her simple property, how to grab a larger piece for themselves. The heroine was lonely during her life, and she remained lonely on that mournful day.

Matryona is contrasted with the other heroes of the story, and with the entire world around her too. Thaddeus, for example, is embittered, inhuman, and selfish. He constantly tortures his family, and on the day of the tragedy he thinks only about how to “save the logs of the upper room from the fire and from the machinations of his mother’s sisters.” Matryona is contrasted with her friend Masha, and her sisters, and her sisters-in-law.

The basis of relationships in the world surrounding the heroine is lies and immorality. Modern society has lost its moral guidelines, and Solzhenitsyn sees its salvation in the hearts of such lonely righteous people as Matryona. She is the same person, “without whom, according to the proverb, a village is not worthwhile.” Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.”

A. Solzhenitsyn is a continuer of Tolstoy’s tradition. In the story “Matryonin’s Dvor” he affirms Tolstoy’s truth that the basis of true greatness is “simplicity, goodness and truth.”

The image of a righteous woman in Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”

I. The meaning of the word “righteous.”

II. Life or living?

1. Life of Matryona.

2. Death of Matryona.

3. Those around us in the mirror of Matryona’s life and death.

III. What remains for people?

A village does not stand without a righteous man.

Russian proverb

A righteous person is a fair, correct person who strictly observes the laws of morality. The heroine of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor” probably did not consider herself a righteous woman, she simply lived the way her compatriots and fellow villagers lived.

Righteousness

A person is defined by what kind of life he lived, what death he died, what he taught people, what word they will use to remember him after his departure.

Matryona's life was similar to the lives of thousands of her compatriots. The difficulties of the war and post-war times forced people to experience common pain; suffering was supposed to unite people, a common misfortune to make them purer, kinder, more righteous. But this was not the case with everyone, because you can blame your own sins on war and difficult life - they say, we are not bad, life is bad.

No one would envy Matryona's fate. Not waiting for her husband to return from the war, she went to his brother - and suffered all her life

With the consciousness of her guilt, akin to betrayal, she reproached herself for her sin... And the whole sin was that she pitied Thaddeus’s family, who were left without help. She gave birth to six children - and not one survived.

Kira raised the daughter of her ex-husband. And all the wealth she acquired was a strong upper room, a dirty white goat, ficus trees and a lanky cat. Her fellow villagers restrainedly condemned her: she never kept a pig, “didn’t chase after breeding...

I didn’t struggle to buy things and then cherish them more than my life. I didn’t bother with outfits. For clothes that embellish freaks and villains...” And so she died in poverty.

Death puts everything in its place, sums up human life. What will Matryona the Righteous leave as a legacy to her loved ones, what word will they remember her with, how will they remember her? They remembered, first of all, that now there was no one to help dig the garden, to “plow themselves with a plow” - the deceased helped everyone, did not take any payment.

What can we do now without her help? The best friend, who has been friends with Matryona for half a century, shyly asks to give her the “gray knit” promised to Matryona. Thaddeus is worried about one thought: he must take away the remaining logs, otherwise they will disappear. They argue about the hut: who will get it - the sister or the adopted daughter.

Crying for the deceased takes place according to all the rules, but ostentatious grief for Matryona, who died because of the greed of several close people, is combined with an attempt to justify oneself: “...And why did you go to where death was guarding you? And no one invited you there! And I didn’t think about how you died!

And why didn’t you listen to us?... (And from all these lamentations the answer stuck out: we are not to blame for her death, but we’ll talk about the hut later!).”

Matryona is buried and buried according to all the rules: the priest conscientiously conducts the Orthodox service, and is commemorated according to custom (“Eternal Memory,” as it should be, is sung before the jelly!). And they are proud that everything is done like a human being...

Matryona left, “misunderstood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children, but did not have a sociable disposition, a stranger to her sisters, sisters-in-law, funny, foolishly working for others for free...” And only two people mourn Matryona sincerely: “not at all ritually,” the adopted daughter Kira sobs bitterly, like a woman, wisely and calmly, non-vainly, “a strict, silent old woman, more ancient than all the ancients” speaks about her death, the guest experiences sincere pain.

Yes, Matryona’s life is not the life of a saint. Not everyone was able to appreciate Her righteousness; many condemned her, but did they forget? She will remain to live in the memory of her adopted daughter, her life lessons will not be forgotten by the teacher who shared her shelter for a short time... And that’s all?

But is it really about how they evaluate you, what they say about you? The point is how you live your life, whether you can remain human, what page you write in the book of life.

(No Ratings Yet)

Related posts:

1. The image of the righteous woman is clearly depicted in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. The action takes place in Soviet times at the Torfoprodukt station. The situation is quite gloomy: “The leaves flew around, snow fell - and then melted. They plowed again, sowed again, reaped again. And again the leaves flew away, and again the snow fell. And one revolution. and another revolution. And the whole world turned upside down.” In the midst of this grayness we [...]
2. 1. Solzhenitsyn is a chronicler of the Soviet era. 2. “Matrenin’s Dvor” is a prototype of a righteous corner in the country. 3. Image of Matryona. 4. The final meaning of the story. A.I. Solzhenitsyn has his own special place in Russian literature of the 20th century. He is like a chronicler of this era, truthfully reflecting reality, without embellishing or distorting anything. In his works there is no call for [...]
3. The image of the righteous woman and the tragedy of her fate The story of A. I. Solzhenitsyn was written in the 1950s and is partially autobiographical. Over time, much was changed in the story, for example, the title, the time of action, but the essence was not lost. The author’s goal was to show that Russia is rich not only in vast expanses and fertile lands, but also in extraordinary, righteous [...]
4. The value of the story lies in its very realistic and reliable presentation of events. The life and death of Matryona Zakharova are shown as they really were. The title of the story has several meanings. The title of the story shows the reader that its pages will talk about Matryona’s life, her house and yard. “Matrenin’s Dvor” defines the space for the action of the story. After […]...
5. “Without a righteous man, a village does not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.” A.I. Solzhenitsyn The world is held together by amazing people. Such people are rare. But those who are lucky enough to meet at least one of them on their life’s path are internally transformed: they become better, cleaner, kinder. Such a meeting forces you to take a closer look at people, listen to their voices, think […]...
6. Once upon a time, the books of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn were forbidden; they were secretly reprinted and given out to read at night. Once upon a time, the very personality of this writer was forbidden, because he was never afraid to say what everyone already knew but was afraid to express: about the ferocity of government reprisals, about the injustice of the socialist system, about state prisons. The writer still remains [...]
7. The name of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was banned a few years ago, but currently we have the opportunity to admire his works, in which he demonstrates exceptional skill in depicting human characters, in observing the destinies of people and understanding them. All this is revealed especially clearly in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. From the first lines of the story, the reader seems to know [...]
8. IN SEARCH OF THE RIGHTEOUS MAN Then I learned that crying over the deceased is not just crying, but a kind of marking. Matryona's three sisters flew in, seized the hut, the goat and the stove, locked her chest, gutted two hundred funeral rubles from the lining of her coat, and explained to everyone who came that they were the only ones close to Matryona. A. Solzhenitsyn, “Matrenin's Dvor” Let's start with denial. […]...
9. The study of Russian character is the main theme of A. Solzhenitsyn’s work, which developed in the writer’s works of the late 50s and early 60s. In the story “Matrenin's Dvor” (1959), the author depicted a national character that managed to preserve itself in the terrible turmoil of the 20th century. The world that surrounds Matryona, the main character of the story, is full of lies, cruelty, betrayal, and insensitivity. However, she was able to resist among […]...
10. The original title of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” was “A village does not stand without a righteous man,” and the final title was given by A.P. Tvardovsky. When printing at the request of the editors, the year of action 1956 changed to 1953, i.e., pre-Khrushchev time. Because of this, the beginning of the story changed. The story was first published in Novy Mir, 1963, No. 1. The first is attacked by the Soviet press. In particular, the author was pointed out that not [...]
11. At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia underwent severe trials. War and famine, endless uprisings and revolutions have left their mark on the destinies of people. Many innocent people died, including women and children. This was the era of Stalin. Despotism and terror persecuted people. There was no bread in the country, and all hope was only in the village. The government put pressure on her, [...]
12. Equipment 1. Vocabulary for the lesson: Spirituality, righteous, righteousness, character. 2. Portrait of A. I. Solzhenitsyn, illustration for the story. 3. Tape recorder (recording the ending of the story). Written on the board: the problematic question “Can Matryona be considered a righteous woman?” and responses to it, which present different points of view. “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the one [...]
13. The name of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn was banned a few years ago, but currently we have the opportunity to admire his works, in which he demonstrates exceptional skill in depicting human characters, in observing the destinies of people and understanding them. All this is revealed especially clearly in the story of Matrenin Dvor. From the first lines of the story, the reader seems to know [...]
14. VILLAGE THEME IN THE STORY “MATRENIN'S COURTYARD” BY A.I. SOLZHENITSYN The works of A.I. Solzhenitsyn are marked by the harsh truth of life. In the story “Matrenin's Dvor” he talks about the destinies of the Russian village, about the moral shifts that occur in the souls of the peasants. The main character of the story has had to experience a lot of grief and injustice in her life: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband […]...
15. The peasant theme has always been especially important for the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. His ancestors were peasants. The writer considered the peasantry to be the social stratum in which traditional moral principles were preserved for the longest time: hard work, sincerity, generosity. The story “Matrenin's Dvor”, written in 1959, is one of the first works that reveals the troubles of the village in the 50s. Here Solzhenitsyn portrayed the people’s character, who managed to preserve [...]
16. The peasant theme has always been especially important for the work of A. I. Solzhenitsyn. His ancestors were peasants; he considered the peasantry to be the social stratum in which the traditional moral foundations of the Russian people were preserved for the longest time: hard work, conscientiousness, spiritual generosity. And the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”, written in 1959 and published in Novy Mir in 1963. One of the first works that revealed […]...
17. “Matryonin’s Dvor” is a story about the mercilessness of human fate, evil fate, about the stupidity of the Soviet post-Stalin order, about the life of ordinary people, far from the bustle and haste of the city, about life in a socialist state. This story, as the author himself noted, “is completely autobiographical and reliable.” The narrator's patronymic - Ignatich - is consonant with A. Solzhenitsyn's patronymic - Isaevich. The action takes place […]...
18. How good it is that neither modern art nor Russian communism leaves behind anything but archives. S. Dali Dali once said: “If you are one of those who believe that modern art has surpassed the art of Vermeer or Raphael, do not pick up this book and remain in blissful idiocy” (“Ten Instructions for Those Who Want to Become an Artist”) . I think it's hard to argue. […]...
19. THE PEASANT THEME IN ALEXANDER SOLZHENITSYN’S STORY “MATRENIN’S Dvor” There are always a lot of emotions, intellectual tension and discussions around the name of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn. Our contemporary, a troublemaker in stagnant hard times, an exile with unheard-of world fame, one of the “bisons” of Russian literature abroad, Solzhenitsyn combines in his personal appearance and creativity many principles that disturb our consciousness. This is what characterizes the story [...]
20. The Russian village as depicted by Solzhenitsyn in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” Many of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s works tell the story of the history of Russia. Through them he tried to convey the truth about the morals of life, the living conditions of the people, and describe the entire period of Soviet times. It is impossible to remain indifferent while reading his stories. One of these works is “Matrenin’s Dvor” - a story that has been called “fundamental [...]
21. Matryona Vasilievna is the main character of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. She was about sixty years old. She lived in the village of Talnovo, which was located not far from peat mining. I believe that Matryona Vasilievna was the right person in the village, because she always came to the aid of everyone. And the main thing is that her help was of some kind. After all, you can [...]
22. “What is A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s Russia like?” The question is posed too generally, so we turn to the second part of this paragraph, where we are asked to describe the image of Russia in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”. The hero of the story wants to “get lost and get lost in the very interior of Russia - if such a thing existed somewhere.” After many years spent in prison, the narrator wants inner silence. An important condition [...]
23. “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man” - this is the original title of the story. The story echoes many works of Russian classical literature. Solzhenitsyn seems to be transporting one of Leskov’s heroes to the historical era of the 20th century, the post-war period. And the more dramatic and tragic is the fate of Matryona in the midst of this situation. The life of Matryona Vasilievna is seemingly ordinary. She devoted her entire life to work, selfless [...]
24. Matryona is a lonely, destitute peasant woman with a generous and selfless soul. She lost her husband in the war, buried six of her own, and raised other people’s children. Matryona gave her pupil the most precious thing in her life - a house: “... she didn’t feel sorry for the upper room, which stood idle, like neither her labor nor her goods...”. The heroine suffered a lot [...]
25. Let's start with denial. Let's look at Dahl: “A righteous person is a person who lives in everything according to the law of God.” That is, sinless. A sinless woman is good: she did not wait for her betrothed from the war, she married his brother, but the time is difficult and it is difficult to live alone, but a righteous person cannot live in ideal conditions, because righteousness is asceticism, a spiritual feat. But […]...
26. In the summer of 1956, one hundred and eighty-four kilometers from Moscow, a passenger gets off along the railway line to Murom and Kazan. This is a narrator whose fate resembles the fate of Solzhenitsyn himself. He dreams of working as a teacher in the depths of Russia, away from urban civilization. But it didn’t work out to live in a village with the wonderful name Vysokoye Polye, because they didn’t bake bread there […]...
27. The artistic world in the story is built linearly - in accordance with the heroine’s life story. In the first part of the work, the entire narrative about Matryona is given through the perception of the author, a man who has endured a lot in his life, who dreamed of “getting lost and lost in the very interior of Russia.” The narrator evaluates her life from the outside, compares it with her surroundings, and becomes an authoritative witness of righteousness. In the second part […]...
28. In 1963, Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor” was published in Novy Mir. And in this case, the writer had to change the original title - “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man.” The word “righteous” evoked religious-Christian associations, and Rus' had long been Soviet. The prototype of the main character, Matryona, was the peasant woman Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova, in whose house Solzhenitsyn settled after graduation [...]
29. In A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor,” the image of the righteous man is key. The author of the work does not immediately reveal the true essence of the main character. At first glance, Matryona appears to the reader as a simple rural resident with her own worries and “oddities” - the desire to constantly help people. It is this trait that is the most important in the village righteous woman. Matryona was one of the few who always [...]
30. “Matrenin's Dvor” is a story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn, written in 1959. The author's goal in the work is achieved in the development of two images - the narrator and the main character, Matryona Vasilyevna. The emphasis on her name arose in the story in connection with the title invented by the editor. In the original version, the work was called “A village is not worth it without a righteous man.” The changes were aimed at [...]
31. What is the role of the autobiographical narrator Ignatyich in A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”? When forming a detailed argument on the proposed topic, indicate the difference between the images of the narrator, narrator and author in a work of art. Emphasize that the narrator is a Personalized narrator, telling the story in the first person and endowed with his own speech style. Explain that the narrator A.I. Solzhenitsyn after an unsuccessful settlement [...]
32. The fate of the narrator is similar to the fate of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn himself - he is also a front-line soldier. And his return from the front was also delayed by “ten years.” That is, I had to serve time for nothing - like half the country, if not more, was in camps at that time. The hero dreams of working as a teacher in the rural outback - away from civilization. He served exile “in […]...
33. The second half of the 1950s was marked by the formation of the original genre of the “monumental story.” An example of this genre is M. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of a Man.” In the 1960s, the genre features of the “monumental story” are recognized in “Matryona’s Court” by A. Solzhenitsyn, “Mother of Man” by V. Zakrutkin, “In the Light of Day” by E. Kazakevich. The main difference of this genre is the depiction of a simple person who is the custodian of universal human values. […]...
34. In his work “Matrenin Dvor” A. Solzhenitsyn describes the life of one woman who is wise and hardworking, but, unfortunately, very lonely. Matryona, as this woman is called, is very responsive. People take advantage of this, but no one has ever tried to help her. And this cannot but depress the reader. The title of the work “Matrenin's Dvor” can be interpreted in different ways. The reader will determine for himself […]...
35. History of creation The story “Matrenin's Dvor” was written by Solzhenitsyn in 1959. The first title of the story is “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man” (Russian proverb). The final version of the title was invented by Tvardovsky, who at that time was the editor of the magazine “New World”, where the story was published in No. 1 for 1963. At the insistence of the editors, the beginning of the story was changed and […]...
36. In his work “Matryona’s Dvor,” Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn describes the life of a hardworking, intelligent, but very lonely woman, Matryona, whom no one understood or appreciated, but everyone tried to take advantage of her hard work and responsiveness. The very title of the story “Matrenin’s Dvor” can be interpreted in different ways. In the first case, for example, the word “yard” can simply mean Matryona’s way of life, her household, her […]...
37. An exile with unheard-of world fame, A.I. Solzhenitsyn combines in his personal appearance and creativity many principles that disturb our consciousness. The story “Matrenin’s Dvor” is characteristic of this. At the center of the story is the fate of a village woman. The concept of “village” for A. Solzhenitsyn is a model (synonym) of folk life of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The existence of a national peace, according to the author, is impossible […]...
38. The story “Matrenin's Dvor” was published in 1963 in Novy Mir. The story was originally called “A village is not worth it without the righteous.” But, on the advice of A. Tvardovsky, in order to avoid censorship obstacles, the name was changed. For the same reasons, the year of action in the story from 1956 was replaced by the author with 1953. “Matrenin’s Dvor,” as the author himself noted, “is completely autobiographical and [...]
39. Many pages in Solzhenitsyn's works tell about the history of Russia. This topic was not chosen by chance by the author. In it he tries to convey all his knowledge and experiences of that time. 1956 is a time of violence and despotism. The people carry a heavy load under which their backs bend. The life customs and living conditions of the people will be shown in their [...]

The image of the righteous man is found in many works of Russian literature. This image can be found in Leskov’s work “The Enchanted Wanderer”, in Chingiz Aitmatov’s “The Scaffold”, and of course in Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor”.

In the work “Matryona’s Dvor,” the righteous woman is the main character of the book, Matryona. Matryona is an honest and kind woman. Her fate decreed that Matryona's fiancé, Thaddeus, went to war and disappeared without a trace, and she had to marry his brother. The children who were born to them quickly died, and Matryona could not find the joy of motherhood. Suddenly Feddey returned from the war, he was ready to kill them both, but then he reconciled. Thaddeus married, he and his wife gave birth to many children, one of his daughters, Kira, was taken into custody by Matryona and raised as her own.

All her life Matryona lived for the sake of others: she helped the collective farm, her neighbors, but none of them reciprocated her feelings. She helped people unselfishly, no matter what, she did not lose faith in people and in the truth and continued to help everyone. Matryona's whole life is work, he saved her from despair, she worked for two. She was always at peace with her conscience, she was calm, she lived in harmony with herself, Matryona had nothing to reproach her for.

Matryona's righteousness lies in her ability to compassion, the ability to forgive, and to see a way out of difficult situations. Matryona was never greedy, greedy, selfish, did not seek benefit for herself. Everyone wanted to get rich at the expense of the main character; even before her death, they began to dismantle and transport Matryona’s room; while transporting logs, it was cut up by a passing train. At her funeral, everyone cried and wailed just because it was necessary. No one even said a kind word about her, many condemned her, but how much good she did to all these people.

Municipal state educational institution

"Priobskaya Secondary School"

Literature lesson for 9th grade students

teacher Kubyshkina Galina Vladimirovna

GP Priobye

2017

The image of the righteous woman in the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's Dvor".

(second lesson in the topic “A.I. Solzhenitsyn “Matrenin’s Dvor”)

1. Checking the d/z. Content survey.

A test on the creativity of A.I. Solzhenitsyn allows you to identify the level of knowledge of the text. Each question has four possible answers.

Evaluation criteria:

“5” (excellent) - the work was completed flawlessly

“4” (good) – from 12 to 14 correct answers

“3” (satisfactory) – from 8 to 11 correct answers

Test on the story "Matrenin's Dvor" by A.I. Solzhenitsyn

1.The original title of the story:

a) “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous person”

b) “The village is not worth it without Matryona”

c) “Matryona’s suffering”

d) “The Life of Matryona the Righteous”

2.What is Matryona’s last name:

a) Grigorieva b) Vasilyeva c) Fadeeva d) Efimova

3.Which characteristic is suitable for the main character:

a) “peasant woman, 80 years old, unemployed”

b) “peasant woman, single woman, 60 years old, released from the collective farm”

c) “lonely peasant woman, 60 years old, repressed”

d) “peasant woman, 60 years old, who worked all her life somewhere in a factory”

4.What information about Matryona is correct:

a) loved Efim, married Thaddeus

b) loved Thaddeus, married Efim

c) loved both Efim and Thaddeus, did not marry

d) never loved anyone

5. Finish the phrase: “Matryona’s living creatures included a lanky old cat, a dirty white goat with crooked horns, ...?.. yes ...?...”

a) “kittens and kids”

b) “cow and calf”

c) “mice and cockroaches”

d) “dog and sheep”

6. Explain what it means: Matryona gave birth to six children, but “ they didn't stand"

a) didn’t get up

b) haven’t run for a long time

c) were not independent

d) did not survive

7. During which war did Matryona’s husband go missing:

a) in the First World War b) in the civil war

c) during the years of the Finnish d) during the Great Patriotic War

8.Which information about Matryona is incorrect:

a) she always got involved in men’s affairs

b) a horse once almost knocked her into an ice hole in the lake

c) I gave the upper room to my pupil Kira

d) I gave the house to my pupil Kira

9. Pupil Kira is:

a) Matryonina’s illegitimate daughter b) Thaddeus’ daughter

c) a girl from an orphanage d) the daughter of the collective farm chairman

10.Why did Kira urgently need to transport part of Matryona’s house:

a) they are given a plot, but there must be a building on it

b) were given a plot of land, built a house, needed dry firewood

c) for resale and revenue

d) build a shed next to the house

11. How did Matryona die?

a) got hit by a truck b) got hit by a tractor c) killed at the station d) got hit by a train

12.Who are we talking about: also Matryona, her husband beats her all her life, she also gave birth to six children?

a) wife of the chairman b) wife of Thaddeus c) sister d) friend

13. Matrenin the guest worked:

a) postman b) chairman c) veterinarian d) teacher

14. Matryona's guest, watching the division of her simple goods, remembering the living Matryona, suddenly clearly understands that all these people, including him, lived next to her and did not understand that Matryona is the same one:

a) a real person b) a righteous person c) a person of hope d) a sufferer

15. The narrator is:

a) autobiographical character b) Matryona’s neighbor c) Thaddeus d) Kira

Answers:

2. Creating a problem situation in the lesson.

The teacher reads the epigraph written on the board.

...If, according to popular belief, no city can stand without the three righteous ones, then how can the whole earth stand with only the rubbish that lives in both my soul and yours, my reader.
This was both terrible and unbearable to me, and I went to look for the righteous, I went with a vow not to rest until I found at least that small number of three righteous ones, without whom there is no standing for the city.

N.S. Leskov. Preface to the cycle “The Righteous”

What will we talk about in today's lesson? Please determine the topic of the lesson.

Lesson topic. The image of the righteous woman in the story by A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matrenin's Dvor". (The theme of righteousness in the story.)

Vocabulary work: Who can be called righteous?

Righteous – 1. For believers: a person who lives a righteous life has no sins. 2. A person who does not sin in any way against the rules of morality (iron).

Righteous – 1. Pious, sinless, conforming to religious rules.

2. Based on truth, fair. (S.I. Ozhegov and N.Yu. Shvedova “Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language”).

Determine the objectives of the lesson.

Goals:

2. find out what qualities allowed the author to call the heroine the righteous woman of the Russian land;

3. think about such moral concepts as: kindness, mercy, sensitivity, conscience, humanity; think about the meaning of human life;

4. develop the skills and abilities of analyzing a prose work.

3. Text analysis.

What is the original title of the story? How does it relate to the epigraph for the lesson?

1. “A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man.”

2. Solzhenitsyn approaches the topic of righteousness unobtrusively and even with humor. Speaking about Matryona, his hero remarks: “Only she had fewer sins than her lame-legged cat. She was strangling mice!..” The writer rethinks the images of the righteous in Russian literature and portrays the righteous person not as a person who committed many sins, repented and began to live like a god, but makes righteousness a natural way of life for the heroine.

Does the main character of the story, Matryona, evoke sympathy, pity, irritation or admiration in you? Justify your opinion.

Remember under what circumstances the author’s first acquaintance with Matryona takes place? Why isn’t she one of the “applicants” who could have a guest?

For the residents of the village, Matryona is a useless housewife who does not have the opportunity to properly receive a guest in her neglected house.

But the hero-narrator suddenly feels that this life is internally close to him - and remains to live with Matryona.

How did Matryona attract the narrator’s attention? Let's get to know her better.

How was Matryona different from other residents of the village of Talnovo?

Matryona went to work even if she was sick; did not “settle scores” and did not discuss “who came out and who didn’t come out”; could not refuse when someone asked for help with agricultural work: digging up potatoes, plowing their own garden; did not take money for the work; she fed the shepherds food that she did not eat herself; did not annoy anyone with questions; didn't gossip; raised someone else's girl; I gave the upper room to my adopted daughter.

Matryona had to endure a lot of grief and injustice in her lifetime: broken love, the death of six children, the loss of her husband, backbreaking work in the village, severe illness - illness, a bitter resentment towards the collective farm, which squeezed all the strength out of her, and then wrote it off as unnecessary, leaving without pension or support.

But Matryona did not get angry, she retained a good mood, a feeling of joy and pity for others, a radiant smile still brightens her face

How do her fellow villagers treat her? Do they understand Matryona? Why?

Relatives almost did not appear in her house, apparently fearing that Matryona would ask them for help. Everyone unanimously condemned Matryona that she was funny and stupid, working for others for free. The sister-in-law, who recognized Matryona’s simplicity and cordiality, spoke about this “with contemptuous regret.” Everyone took advantage of Matryona's kindness and simplicity - and unanimously condemned her for it.

And after her death, all the reviews about her were disapproving: “...she didn’t chase after the acquisition, and she wasn’t careful; and didn’t even hold a pig; ...and, stupid, helped strangers for free”; I didn’t chase clothes, I didn’t accumulate property for death.

This is her world, this is how she lives.

The arrival of Thaddeus destroys the established way of life, peace, and silence.

Compare Matryona and Thaddeus. How do they behave in close life situations? (work in groups)

The answer lies in the very comparison of the heroes: no matter how difficult and inevitable fate may be, it only more clearly reveals the measure of humanity in each of the people.

“Those people always have good faces who are at peace with their conscience,” the author bluntly states.

Matryona turns out to be an extraordinary, sincere, pure, open person. The more acute is the feeling of guilt that the narrator experiences: “There is no Matryona. A loved one was killed. And on the last day I reproached her for wearing a padded jacket.” “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous person without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.”

What do you see as the tragedy of Matryona’s fate?

The tragedy isn't just about the lost fiancé, the missing husband, and the dead children. The tragedy manifested itself when Matryona becomes a victim of human greed, money-grubbing, and drunkenness.

The tragedy is that the villagers could not understand the good feelings that guided Matryona in life. Therefore, after her death, her relatives want to quickly seize the “goods” that were left after her.

What caused Matryona's death?

The external cause of death was her dedication and desire to help. That is why she finds herself between a sleigh and a tractor at an ill-fated railway crossing.

Among the underlying reasons for the tragic death of the heroine is her attachment to Thaddeus and his pupil, his daughter Kira. It is she who unwittingly becomes the culprit of the destruction of the house where she lived with Matryona and where Matryona herself lived for forty years. The people who dismantled the upper room are destroying the house, the main value of the family. The death of the house was also predetermined by the death of Matryona. She would no longer be able to live in a damaged house. The author condemns the greed and greed of Thaddeus, who is obsessed with the desire to seize a piece of land. Hence his order not to make a second voyage, and the removal of surviving logs during funerals and wakes. Matryona’s son-in-law, a railway worker, is also to blame for not warning the station about the transportation.

What is the moral meaning of the story told by the writer?

The concept of “righteous person” acquired a new meaning in Solzhenitsyn.

The moralizing meaning of the story is that you cannot live only for yourself, be a money-grubber and a hoarder. The meaning of human existence is in kindness, selflessness and the radiance that a person can emit, illuminating the destinies of other people.

Solzhenitsyn helped us to see a great soul in a simple Russian woman, to see a righteous woman.

4. Lesson summary. Reflection.

This is exactly what Matryona from the story could have been, with an awkward, as if inept, smile, wise, calm eyes, with some amazing naturalness, authenticity that lights up on her face - or face? - light coming from somewhere deep, from the soul. “Those people always have good faces, who are in harmony with conscience his". You can’t say it better than Solzhenitsyn.

Matryona, the only one in the village, lives in her own world: she arranges her life with work, honesty, kindness and patience,preserving your soul and inner freedom.Popularly wise, sensible, able to appreciate goodness and beauty, Matryona managed to resist evil and violence, preserving her “court”. Matryonin's yard is Matryonin's world - the special world of the righteous. A world of spirituality, kindness, mercy.

The righteous Matryona is the writer’s moral ideal, on which, in his opinion, the life of society should be based.

Today, mutual hatred, bitterness, alienation have reached enormous proportions, it seems that there cannot be people like Matryona. But I will never agree with the statement that Russian people have degenerated morally over the past decades and have completely lost the spiritual identity that was once inherent in them. I don’t agree, because I am convinced: no even the most terrible shocks can completely destroy the spirituality of a people, disfigure, pervert - yes, but not destroy.

5. Grading.

6. Homework. Answer one of the questions in writing.

1. What changed in the meaning of Solzhenitsyn’s story “A village is not worth it without a righteous man” when the writer called it “Matryonin’s yard”?

2. Do you think such righteous people are needed in our lives?

3. What is Matryona’s righteousness?

Literature:

1. Internet resources.

2. N.S. Leskov. Preface to the cycle “The Righteous”.

3. S.I.Ozhegov and N.Yu.Shvedova. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language.

4. A.I. Solzhenitsyn. Matrenin's yard.