Ostankino park history of creation. Green belvedere in Ostankino park

Not far from the famous television center. In the old days, many special events and holidays were held here.

Today Ostankino is an estate that can be seen in many TV series and films.

Story

Ostankino was first mentioned in documents dating back to 1558. In those days, on the site of the current estate there was a village owned by Alexei Satin. It was called Ostankino. Somewhat later, the keeper of the state seal, clerk Vasily Shchelkanov, became the owner of this settlement. In Ostankino, on his orders, a boyar's house was erected, a church was built, a grove was planted and a pond was dug. However, during the Time of Troubles, most of the buildings were razed to the ground.

Restoration of buildings began in the 17th century. At this time, Prince Cherkassky began to own the lands of Ostankino. On his orders, a stone church was erected on the site of a dilapidated wooden church, a cedar grove was planted, and hunting grounds were set up on the estate. These lands belonged to the Cherkasy princes for almost a century until Varvara Alekseevna Cherkasskaya (the only daughter of the owner of the estate) became the wife of Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetyev. Ostankino appeared

Under Sheremetyev, alleys and a garden appeared on the estate, and entertainment pavilions began to be built. By order of the new owner, ornamental and agricultural crops began to be planted in the greenhouses.

Heyday

A new stage in the formation of the history of Ostankino began under Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetyev. He was a true connoisseur and connoisseur of the arts, one of the most educated people of that period and a passionate theatergoer. Ostankino is an estate where Sheremetyev was able to fulfill his dream. The count created a theater and palace complex on the estate. Construction work was carried out over six years from 1792. After this, the Ostankino estate acquired its final appearance.

They were built according to designs made by outstanding architects of the 18th century. Among them are V. Brenn, F. Camporesi and I. Starov. The serf architect I. Argunov also took part in the construction.

Wood was used in the construction of the building. After this, the palace was plastered to look like stone. The final architectural ensemble of the estate began to include a theater and a small front courtyard. The decoration of the territory was a pond, as well as landscape and formal gardens.

Building for performances

The best European theaters of those years became models for the design of the palace built by Count Sheremetyev. The auditorium, shaped like a horseshoe, was decorated in pink and blue colors. The layout of this room provided excellent audibility and visibility from all corners. The hall is designed for two hundred and fifty spectators. The stage on which the actors played was one of the largest in Russia. Its depth was twenty-two meters and its width was seventeen. The lower stage, as well as the two-tier upper engine rooms, served the stage. The last of them has partially survived to the present day.

In order to get into the theater hall, it was necessary to go through the right or left entrances. Through the left, the spectators entered the foyer of the stalls, which was located in the western wing of the building. The Italian Pavilion was also located here. Its design in greenish-blue tones resembled a park area. Through the right entrance, visitors entered the upper foyer, the halls of which were located directly next to each other. At the very end there was an art gallery. The Ostankino Theater is interestingly designed. It could be quickly converted into a ballroom.

The theater in the estate of Count Sheremetyev was inaugurated on July 22, 1795. The stage size allowed for the production of operas written by Russian and Western European composers, in which there was a quick change of scenery and there were many mass episodes.

At the opening of the theater they showed the lyrical drama “The Capture of Ishmael”. Moreover, the bulk of the invited guests were direct participants in this event.

Architectural complex

Ostankino is an estate, the construction of which was divided into several stages. After the construction of the main wooden theater building, several more structures were added to it. The construction of the mezzanine foyer was completed, the Egyptian and Italian pavilions, as well as galleries, were located symmetrically. All these structures were a U-shaped complex in plan. At the same time, the general axis of the Sheremetyev estate near Moscow was oriented towards the Kremlin. An interesting decision was made when decorating the front yard and outbuildings. Together they resembled a stage space.

The Sheremetyev estate in Ostankino is distinguished by classical simplicity. Moreover, the latter is combined with an abundance of gilding and mirrors used in the interior design of the premises. The rooms of the palace were decorated with valuable works of art.

Layout

Sheremetyev built the estate for his beloved, the serf actress Praskovya Kovaleva-Zhemchugova, with whom he was secretly married. A Pleasure Garden appeared not far from the estate. When planning it, various types of elements of the park area were combined. Together they made an interesting composition. A rampart was erected around the garden. Behind it, on the eastern side, huts for servants were located, and on the western side - a greenhouse and a horse yard.

The area to the north was turned into the Surplus Garden. Walking paths were laid there, trees were planted and a pond was dug. The area near the Kamenka River flowing nearby was also beautified. A whole cascade of ponds was dug here. In those days, Ostankino was an estate in which the capital's secular society gathered. Various events and celebrations were held here, as well as performances.

New life for the estate

In the 19th century The Sheremetyevs moved to St. Petersburg. From that time on, they began to visit their estate only occasionally. However, despite the absence of the owners, festivities continued to be held here on holidays, during which representatives of the capital’s social circles gathered in the Pleasure Garden. Ordinary people were having picnics on the shore of the pond. Somewhat later, the managers of the Sheremetyev family’s estate near Moscow began renting out estate buildings for dachas. At the same time, the palace could be viewed with a special permit, and then it was completely turned into a private museum.

The fate of the estate after the October Revolution

The Ostankino estate (see photo below) was nationalized after the arrival of Soviet power.

In 1918 it was turned into a state museum. Since 1938, the Sheremetyev estate was renamed the Palace-Museum of the Creativity of Serfs. The estate received a new name in 1992. It became Ostankino.

Ostankino today

Currently, the Ostankino Estate Museum is included in the list of specially protected objects in Russia. The entire territory of the former estate of Count Sheremetyev can be divided into three parts. This is the Pleasure Garden, Palace and Park.

At the Ostankino Estate Museum, visitors can see a rich collection of icons of ancient Rus', as well as wooden sculptures made from the late fifteenth to the early twentieth century. An interesting exhibition of graphics and paintings, as well as a collection of furniture dating back to the 14th-19th centuries.

Collecting was a favorite pastime of most noble people. The Sheremetyevs were also keen on this. Their collections are presented in the first hall of the museum. After viewing the unique items collected here, visitors are invited to enter the gallery. On the walls of this room hang various drawings, designs and measurements from the 18th century. All of them are related to the design and construction work carried out during the construction of the palace in the Ostankino estate. Next, visitors move to the Italian Pavilion, which is the most luxuriously decorated in the estate. It contains a corridor leading to Count Sheremetyev's office. However, guests are not allowed to enter. The Italian pavilion is connected to the Engraving Gallery by the Prohodnaya Gallery. This room is an integral part of the lower foyer of the theater. The last pavilion that visitors can enter is the Egyptian one. It is located away from the palace building and is connected to it only by a small passage gallery.

Museum work

Is your final destination on the route Ostankino estate? How to get there? From the station you will need to transfer to tram No. 11 or 17 and get to the final stop. You can walk. From the metro station towards the television center, the journey will take about fifteen minutes. The museum opens to visitors on May 15. The end of the excursion season is September 30. The Ostankino estate, whose opening hours are from 11 to 19, does not accept visitors during rain or high humidity. Days off are Monday and Tuesday.

Moscow Museum-Estate "Ostankino" is a museum on the territory of the former estate of the Sheremetev counts near Moscow.

The uniqueness of the Ostankino estate for the history of art and national culture is indisputable. But in addition to a vast field for traditional art criticism and historical and cultural research, this complex offers enormous and incredibly rich material for a topic that does not seem so interesting at first glance - the palace as a monument of material culture, living in time and changing over time.

The Ostankino Palace is a true pearl of Russian art of the 18th century, where in unity there are a theater room with a stage, an auditorium, make-up rooms, architecture, sculpture, painting, graphics and decorative arts. The palace was built according to the design and order of Count Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev, one of the most noble and rich people of his time.

The first mention of the village dates back to 1558, but the history of the estate begins in 1584. This year, the keeper of the state seal, clerk Vasily Shchelkalov, who at that time owned the village of Ostankino, builds a boyar's house in it, plants a grove and lays the foundation for a wooden church. The buildings created by Shchelkalov were destroyed during the Time of Troubles; only the pond he created has survived to this day.

The history of Ostankino continued further in the 16th century, when the village of Ostashkovo was first mentioned in land survey books, and earned a reputation as an escheated farm, as it regularly returned to the treasury. Everyone to whom Tsar Ivan the Terrible granted it fell into disgrace with unenviable consistency. So the village passed from the serviceman Satin, who was executed for freethinking, to the next, but not the last, wife of the Tsar, Anna Kotlovskaya, going to the guardsman, then to the deacon, until it found permanent owners. The princes of Cherkasy had almost 2 centuries left in Ostankino. And in 1683 The construction of the pillarless five-domed Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, which has come down to us, was completed according to the design of the serf architect Pavel Potekhin. Although there is a version that an unknown master had a hand in the construction.

The estate, boyar's house and Trinity Church are being restored by Prince Cherkassky, to whom Ostankino was granted by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1601. Prince Yakov's nephew, who inherited the land, has been developing hunting grounds in Ostankino since 1642, and his son, Mikhail Yakovlevich, instead of a dilapidated wooden church, erects a stone one and orders the planting of a cedar grove.

In 1827, the Old Mansions and the Living Wing were dismantled, and porticos were added to the two passage galleries, repeating the configuration and dimensions of the previous premises. A new fence for the front yard was erected, as a result of which it acquired a semicircular shape. During these same years, several porches of the Palace were rebuilt. As a result of the renovation, major changes occurred in the interiors of the palace, as follows from a comparative analysis of the palace inventories. The previous colorful decoration in many interiors was replaced by a pale yellow-green palette.

By the beginning of the 18th century, the estate became one of the most beautiful in the Moscow region. In 1743, the granddaughter of Mikhail Yakovlevich, Princess Varvara Alekseevna, the only daughter of the Chancellor of the Russian Empire, Prince Alexei Mikhailovich Cherkassky, one of the richest brides in Moscow, married Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev, the Ostankino estate was included in the dowry

Since Pyotr Borisovich lived in his family estate in Kuskovo, Ostankino was mainly used for economic purposes. Despite this, on his instructions, a park was laid out, greenhouses and conservatories were built, and the house was partially rebuilt.

Creation of a palace theater

In 1788, after the death of his father, the estate was inherited by his son Nikolai Petrovich

Count Nikolai Petrovich decided to build a palace theater. And the brainchild of his mind, artistic taste and wealth was the Ostankino Palace in the style of early classicism, completed in 1799.

18th century scene

Sheremetev was passionate about the theater, had a magnificent troupe of serf actors, so the heart of the summer residence became a theater with unique theatrical machinery. The interiors of the main halls have retained their original decor and decoration. Lighting fixtures made of crystal, bronze, and gilded carved wood add special elegance to the halls. Construction lasted from 1792 to 1795, although the first designs date back to 1790, and the final decoration dates back to 1799.

Portrait of N. P. Sheremetev by N. I. Argunov. 1801-1803.

Enchanted guests passed through the Italian pavilion with an art gallery and through the Egyptian reception hall. The theatricality was felt even in the design of the main entrance, surrounded by outbuildings and backstage. Add to this the wealth of stucco, gilding, sculptures and vases imported from Europe, and a park with a cascade of 7 ponds, and it becomes clear why contemporaries called the palace one of the Arabian Nights.
Many Russian and foreign architects were involved in the construction - Argunov, Kazakov, Nazarov, Starov, Quarenghi, Camporesi and others.

The palace, built of wood, impresses with the harmony of lines, columns, and the relationship of individual parts. But its interior decoration, created by the hands of serfs, has even greater artistic value. There are many carved wooden decorations on doors, windows, vases, chandeliers and candelabra. They are all gilded and therefore appear to be made of bronze. Wood was not chosen by chance, since it is the most suitable material for the theater due to its acoustic properties.

Painted ceilings, mosaic parquet, sculptural stoves, furniture - all this speaks of the high skill and artistic genius of the Russian serfs. Samples were specially sent to them from France and Italy, and a strict order followed from St. Petersburg - to make sure that “everything looked like Raphael’s Lodges.”

The Italian Pavilion, decorated with rare French pieces of paper or paper wallpaper at that time, has been preserved - this is a real museum of sculpture. The Italian pavilion at Ostankino was rebuilt several times. There is an Egyptian pavilion, an art gallery and many other rooms in the building. Well, the pride of the Ostankino Palace is the theater, famous for its serf actors.

Sheremetyev assembled his troupe from serfs on all his estates. The artists were taught languages, manners, music, and some were even sent to study abroad. In addition, the Sheremetyevs had one of the first full symphony orchestras in Russia.

A. S. Pushkin noted: “Horn music does not thunder in the groves of Ostankino and Svirlovo (Sviblovo)... Buns and colored lanterns do not illuminate the English paths, now overgrown with grass, but once planted with myrtle and orange trees, dating back hundreds of years of their existence. The manor's house was decrepit...”

However, the interiors of the palace have almost completely preserved their decor and decoration. One of the main attractions is the artistic inlaid parquet flooring. The abundance of carved gilded wood gives the halls an original appearance. Chandeliers, furniture and other furnishings are in their original places. Ostankino Palace is practically the only theater building of the 18th century in Russia that has preserved the stage, auditorium, dressing rooms and part of the engine room mechanisms.

Late evening from the forest
I drove the cows home.
And went down to the stream
Near a green meadow...
Not every folk song knows its place of birth, but this one is known for sure - Ostankino.

1803. Nikolai Argunov (1771-c1829) - Portrait of Praskovya Ivanovna Zhemchugova-Sheremeteva

And she talks about Parasha Kovaleva - Praskovya Ivanovna Zhemchugova. Here are the details of this romantic story and short family life revealed by Y.M. Belitsky:

Praskovya Zhemchugova as Eliana
Yes, the daughter of a village blacksmith was destined for an amazing fate - Parasha became Countess Sheremeteva. The Count loved her selflessly. In his will to his son, he wrote that in Praskovya’s heart he found “reason, sincerity, philanthropy, constancy, fidelity.” And these features captivated him even more than her beauty.

They forced “to trample upon secular prejudices and choose her as his wife.” But secular society did not forgive one of the richest and most noble people in Russia for this unequal marriage. By the way, the wedding in the Church of Simeon the Stylite was secret. And when Countess Praskovya died, being very young, shortly after the birth of her son, she was seen off on her last journey by the actors of the serf theater and the people closest to the family. Among them was the famous architect Giacomo Quarenghi. The count instructed him to soon complete the construction of a house on Sukharevskaya Square in Moscow - a hospice house in memory of Countess Praskovya Sheremeteva.

Sheremetyev never returned to Ostankino, lost interest in the theater, and disbanded the troupe. In addition, the Napoleonic army destroyed the estate, the restoration of which took 6 years. In 1856, before the coronation of Alexander II, a temporary residence was set up in Ostankino for the new emperor, who lived here with his family for a week in preparation for the ceremony. At that time, the internal layout of the estate was greatly changed, and it is this layout that has survived to this day.

In the 19th century, the Sheremetyevs rarely visited Ostankino, but even in Soviet times they did not leave it completely. At one time it was rented out as dachas, and after 1917 a museum appeared there. The memory of Praskovya Zhemchugova remained in Moscow toponymy: in 1922. Praskovina Street appeared in Ostankino, and in 1970, one of the alleys in Kuskovo was named Zhemchugova Alley. The memory of the serf architect, builder of the Ostankino Palace, Argunov, was also immortalized on the map of Ostankino: In 1966. 1st Novoostankinsky passage was renamed Argunovskaya street. In the toponymy of Moscow and the Moscow region, the surname of the Sheremetevs themselves is preserved. So, not far from the Ostankino Palace runs Sheremetevskaya Street.

actors' costumes

Ostankino Estate Museum
Since 1918 - a state museum, where you can now see original interiors of the 18th century, hear the music of that time and operas from the repertoire of the Sheremetev Theater.

Many Russian and foreign architects took part in its creation: F. Camporesi, I. Starov, V. Brenna, G. Quarenghi - the authors of projects commissioned by Count Sheremetev; K. Blank, E. Nazarov - consultants; serf masters - A. Mironov, G. Dikushin, P. Argunov - direct participants in construction, who processed projects and implemented ideas

The master plan for the estate park, called “Dzerzhinsky Park of Culture and Leisure,” was developed by the architect V. I. Dolganov together with Yu. S. Grinevitsky.

Architect V. I. Dolganov (1901-1969)

Architectural ensemble of the estate
Church of the Holy Trinity

Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino

The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino is one of the oldest buildings preserved in the estate. In September 1678, according to the petition of Prince Mikhail of Cherkassy, ​​Patriarch Joakov blessed the construction of a stone church to replace the dilapidated wooden one. The construction of the temple was carried out from 1678 to 1683 according to the design of the serf architect Pavel Sidorovich Potekhin, slightly away from the old church, so as not to affect the cemetery located around it.

“... in Ostankino, in the entire marvelous palace, there is not a single corner where artistry would be sacrificed to practical considerations.
Yu. Shamurin "
A park

In 1793, work was carried out to plan and lay out the park, and trees were planted. The count recommends to the English gardener: “... to try as much as possible in the layout of the garden to create more pleasant views in all places,” he draws attention to the formation of tree groups: “In the Ostankova garden, where there is a meadow with young cedars, the gardener ordered to plant fir trees between them, so that it would be game; leave it until my arrival and for better clarity send from this parade ground ... a plan,” orders the construction of a “special” kindergarten for himself, where he could spend time without prying eyes, that is, his own garden.

The territory created in 1793-1795. The pleasure garden included a semi-oval parterre with three pairs of flower beds, which was bordered by a covered alley - berceau, a regular French garden with a clear system of triangular bosquets, lined with linden; to the right and left of the parterre there were sections of the park with a free picturesque layout. Adjacent to the western porch of the palace was a landscape part of the park with an old cedar tree and a cedar grove founded by Shchelkalov at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries, which by that time had become a real mighty cedar forest. To the south was Nikolai Petrovich’s Own Garden, the layout of which had not yet been completed.

The main park-forming species of the Ostankino estate, like many others of this period, were linden, maple, birch, and spruce. Exotics were rare in parks at the end of the 18th century. In Ostankino, not only did a cedar grove grow, there was a nursery for growing these plants.

The appearance of the park was complemented by two gazebos. One of them was crowned by Parnassus, an artificially built hill that diversified the boring flat landscape of this part of the then Moscow region. It was a light wooden and plastered structure, the upper part of which was decorated with elegant stucco. The gazebo was an excellent dominant feature of this part of the park and one of the best views of the ensemble.

The second gazebo - the so-called “Gazebo - Temple” - was located on the continuation of the axis of one of the park’s alleys.
In general, an abundance of diverse park elements, some of which belonged to the gardens of classicism, others to the gardens of Baroque or Romanticism, were harmoniously combined on an area of ​​only 11 hectares.

It seems that the creators of the Pleasure Garden partly sought to realize the idea of ​​​​creating a garden of rarities, collecting the best elements from parks of different times and styles and presenting them in miniature. Most likely, this was influenced by the personal taste of Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev, who in his youth, in the early 1770s, spent four years traveling abroad.

His main stops were Holland, England and France (mainly Paris and Versailles). Undoubtedly, he was impressed by the miniature Dutch gardens (that's where his own garden comes from), English landscape parks and the majestic classicism of Versailles.

Behind the rampart that surrounded the garden (its remains have been partially preserved), on the eastern side there were settlement huts in which the Ostankino courtyards lived, and on the western side there was a horse yard and a significant greenhouse farm. Under N.P. Sheremetev in Ostankino had six fruit greenhouses. They grew pineapples, peaches, grapes, cherries; There were also greenhouses in which strawberries were grown.

The pleasure estate provided inexhaustible opportunities for recreation and entertainment. A territory was annexed to the Pleasure Garden, extending north to the Kamenka River and occupying hundreds of hectares. It was covered by a complex system of paths for long walks, leading past a dug garden pond through the forest to cascades of ponds arranged along the Kamenka River. This part of the park was developed as land was acquired and was called the Surplus Garden. It most fully met the requirements for English landscape parks.

In the 19th century, the palace began to be empty, the Sheremetevs lived more often in St. Petersburg than in Moscow, but Ostankino with its garden fell in love with Muscovites as a place for festive celebrations, of which the most crowded was the celebration of Trinity - the temple holiday of the Ostankino Church. From Moscow came and came both the so-called noble public, who were allowed to walk in the Pleasure Garden, and ordinary people - townspeople, shopkeepers, workers who had picnics on the shore of the pond.

From the middle of the 19th century, dacha life began to flourish in Ostankino, “summer” residents appeared, to whom the Ostankino office of the Sheremetevs rented out park outbuildings and estate buildings. Walks around the pond, boating, and night fireworks on the water were part of the Ostankino entertainment program of that time.

Alleys led walkers to distant oak groves, into the depths of the forest, which previously served as hunting grounds. In addition, with special permission from the manager it was possible to examine the palace. The number of people wishing to visit it steadily increased, so that by the end of the 19th century it turned into a real private museum.

Currently, the Pleasure Garden occupies only 11 hectares. About one hundred and fifty ancient trees still grow in the park - lindens, oaks, elms, which are 160-200 years old or more.

Gazebo "Milovzor" on the artificial hill Parnassus in the park of the Ostankino estate. The original gazebo was built in 1795. The next one was built in the late 20s. XIX century The modern gazebo was recreated in 2003.

Decorative vase in the Ostankino estate park

Since February 2013, the estate has been closed for reconstruction. The estimated date for completing the reconstruction and opening the estate to the public is 2020.

Muravyova T.V. Ostankino // Wreath of Moscow estates. - M.: Veche, 2009. - P. 180 - 218. - 344 p. — (Historical guide).
Nizovsky A. Yu. Ostankino // The most famous estates of Russia. - M.: Veche, 2000. - P. 115 - 122. - 416 p. - (Most famous)

North-East of Moscow. Years. Events. People (head of the author’s team: K.A. Averyanov). M., 2012. pp. 325 - 342. ISBN 978-5-9904122-1-7.
Ostankino // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. — 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
Glozman I. M., Rapoport V. L., Semenova I. G. Kuskovo. Ostankino. Arkhangelskoe. - M.: Art, 1976. - 207 p. — (Cities and museums of the world). Yazykov D. Countess Praskovya Ivanovna Sheremeteva. - M., 1903. - 28 p.

http://www.ostankino-museum.ru/museum/park/istoriya/

https://liveinmsk.ru/places/a-342.html

Foundation and establishment of the estate

The first mention of the village dates back to 1558, but the history of the estate begins in 1584. This year, the keeper of the state seal, clerk Vasily Shchelkalov, who at that time owned the village of Ostankino, builds a boyar's house in it, plants a grove and lays the foundation for a wooden church. The buildings created by Shchelkalov were destroyed during the Time of Troubles; only the pond he created has survived to this day.

The estate, boyar's house and Trinity Church are being restored by Prince Cherkassky, to whom Ostankino was granted by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1601. Prince Yakov's nephew, who inherited the land, has been developing hunting grounds in Ostankino since 1642, and his son, Mikhail Yakovlevich, instead of a dilapidated wooden church, erects a stone one and orders the planting of a cedar grove. By the beginning of the 18th century, the estate became one of the most beautiful in the Moscow region. In 1743, the granddaughter of Mikhail Yakovlevich, Princess Varvara Alekseevna, the only daughter of the Chancellor of the Russian Empire, Prince Alexei Mikhailovich Cherkassky, one of the richest brides in Moscow, married Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev, the Ostankino estate was included in the dowry.

Since Pyotr Borisovich lived in his family estate in Kuskovo, Ostankino was mainly used for economic purposes. Despite this, on his instructions, a park was laid out, greenhouses and conservatories were built, and the house was partially rebuilt.

Creation of a palace theater

In 1788, after the death of his father, the estate was inherited by his son Nikolai Petrovich.

XVIII-XIX centuries

The ensemble took shape over several centuries and was finally formed under Count N.P. Sheremetev at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. Having visited in the 1830s. in Ostankino, A. S. Pushkin noted: “Horn music does not thunder in the groves of Ostankino and Svirlovo (Sviblovo) ... Buns and colored lanterns do not illuminate the English paths, now overgrown with grass, but once lined with myrtle and orange trees, hundreds of years old of its existence. The manor's house was decrepit...” However, the interiors of the palace have almost completely preserved their decor and decoration. One of the main attractions is the artistic inlaid parquet flooring. The abundance of carved gilded wood gives the halls an original appearance. Chandeliers, furniture and other furnishings are in their original places. The Ostankino Palace is practically the only theater building of the 18th century in Russia that has preserved the stage, auditorium, dressing rooms and part of the engine room mechanisms.

Ostankino Estate Museum

Since 1918 - a state museum, where you can now see original interiors of the 18th century, hear the music of that time and operas from the repertoire of the Sheremetev Theater.

The master plan for the estate park, called “Dzerzhinsky Park of Culture and Leisure,” was developed by the architect V. I. Dolganov together with Yu. S. Grinevitsky.

Architectural ensemble of the estate

Church of the Holy Trinity

The Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Ostankino is one of the oldest buildings preserved in the estate. In September 1678, according to the petition of Prince Mikhail of Cherkassy, ​​Patriarch Joakov blessed the construction of a stone church to replace the dilapidated wooden one. The construction of the temple was carried out from 1678 to 1683 according to the design of the serf architect Pavel Sidorovich Potekhin, slightly away from the old church, so as not to affect the cemetery located around it.

Front yard

A park

Address: Russia, Moscow, 1st Ostankino street, 5
Date of construction: 1798
Main attractions: Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, Front Courtyard, Palace, Park
Coordinates: 55°49"29.8"N 37°36"53.1"E
Object of cultural heritage of the Russian Federation

History of the estate

The formation of the Ostankino architectural complex took place over 4 centuries. The first mentions of it as the village of Ostashkino are found in historical chronicles of the 16th century (1558). The owner of this area in the northern part of Moscow was then Vasily Shchelkalov, who built a wooden Trinity Church on the territory of his estate. With the onset of the Time of Troubles, the village was devastated and the church was burned.

Ostankino estate from a bird's eye view

Subsequently, the estate came into the possession of Ivan Borisovich Cherkassky, on whose instructions the building of the shrine was rebuilt. Work on its construction was carried out over 2 years - from 1625 to 1627. But this temple also burned down over time, and its place was taken by a 5-domed red brick church, trimmed with white carved stone and decorated with polychrome tiles. It still stands here today. Inside the temple there is a carved 9-tier iconostasis, 2 tiers of which have been preserved since the construction of the building, and the rest were added in the 18th century.

The Ostankino estate with a large manor house, a garden and an unusual temple was so beautiful that Empress Anna Ivanovna herself granted its territory in 1730. In 1732, another empress, Elizaveta Petrovna, came here 4 times. The wedding ceremony of Varvara Cherkasskaya (the owner’s daughter) with Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev also took place here. With the death of the owner Cherkassky, the estate came into the possession of the Sheremetevs and remained their property from 1743 to 1917.

View of the estate from the opposite side of Ostankino Pond

In 1767, by decision of Sheremetev P.B. The church building was supplemented with a bell tower, but the most serious changes associated with the arrangement of the estate took place under Nikolai Petrovich, another member of the Sheremetev family. He started building a palace and creating a park. With the death of Nikolai Petrovich, the estate found a new owner - in 1809 his 6-year-old son Dmitry became him, so over the next few years the palace was far from social life.

The beginning of the 30s of the 19th century marked the onset of a new period for the estate - its park turned into a favorite place for Muscovites to hang out, regardless of their class. And from the 2nd half of the same century, the palace came to life again and became the center of attention. Since the end of the 19th century, the estate turned into a good source of income for the owners - they built summer cottages here and rented them out for vacation.

In 1917, the owner of the estate, Alexander Dmitrievich Sheremetev, left Russia, and the entire Ostankino complex became the property of the state - the Commission for the Protection of Art and Antiquities of the Moscow City Council took care of it.

Ostankino Estate Palace

Description of the Ostankino Palace

The best architects of that time worked on the development of the palace project: Starov, Camporesi and Brenna. Construction work was carried out over 6 years (1792 – 1798) by Mironov and Argunov, Sheremetev’s serf architects. The result of their work was a wooden palace with plastered walls that at first glance seemed to be made of stone. The facade, painted pale pink, had the unusual name “the color of a nymph at dawn.” Due to the delicacy of color and whiteness of the columns, the entire structure conveyed an extraordinary feeling of purity. In general, the palace building became the embodiment of the Classicism style. The decoration of its main facade is a six-column portico of the Corinthian order, standing on the ledge of the lower floor. And the decoration of the facade facing the park area is a 10-column loggia of the Ionic order. On the outer walls of the palace there are bas-reliefs - the work of famous sculptors Zamaraev and Gordeev. The main part of the palace is considered to be the theater hall, which is connected through closed galleries to the Egyptian and Italian pavilions.

Church of the Life-Giving Trinity

The interior decoration of the manor palace is striking in its simplicity and elegance. Most of the decor is made of wood, but it imitates a variety of expensive materials. When decorating the halls, only gilded carvings were used. The carver Spol was responsible for all carving work. In the Italian Pavilion, the carved decor is unusual and beautiful - the patterned parquet flooring is made of the rarest types of wood, and its walls are upholstered in velvet and satin fabric. All the main halls contain gilded furniture made by Russian and European craftsmen in the 18th – early 19th centuries. All types of decorations and lamps were once made specifically for the palace of the Ostankino estate.

In the palace of the ancient Ostankino complex there is a collection of portraits - these are the works of famous masters of the 18th - 19th centuries, and unique paintings by artists whose names remain unknown. Once upon a time, 30 original ancient statues were kept in the palace, but, unfortunately, most of the ancient sculptures were lost for various reasons. And today visitors to the palace can see only five of them. Among the porcelain items there are items that were part of the collection of the Cherkassky family. All these are ancient products made of Chinese and Japanese porcelain. The collection of fans collected by collector F.E. Vishnevsky also attracts the attention of visitors.

Estate park with a view of the Milovzor gazebo and decorative sculptures

The Ostankino Estate Theater is a place of entertainment for Muscovites

In the 18th century, visiting the theater was considered a fashionable event. Nikolai Petrovich Sheremetev was also interested in theatrical art. Wanting to turn his palace into a Pantheon of Arts, he opened his own theater. The basis for the first production was Kozlovsky’s opera “The Taking of Ishmael or Zelmir and Smelon”. The theater troupe consisted of a couple of hundred actors, musicians and singers, and their repertoire included operas, comedies and ballets. On the stage of the Ostankino Theater in Moscow, spectators saw performances of works by Russian and foreign composers.

In the theater premises, Count Sheremetev loved to organize holidays in honor of noble people arriving at the estate. In these cases, the most talented actors participated in the productions. The theater star of that time was the serf actress and singer Praskovya Zhemchugova. A holiday was also held in honor of the arrival of Alexander I, but it was the last. At the beginning of the 19th century, the owners of the estate dissolved the theater and left the palace. Today, the theater hall has retained its “ballroom” appearance, and chamber orchestras still sound in it and productions of ancient operas are performed in it. It’s difficult to call it spacious, because no more than 250 people can admire the theatrical skills of the actors here, but it is the best in the entire capital in terms of acoustics. Good acoustics here are achieved due to the shape in which the hall is built - it looks like a horseshoe. The color design of the theater hall is represented by blue and pink tones.

Memorial to the Volunteers of the 13th and 6th People's Militia Divisions who defended Moscow in the estate park

Ostankino manor park

Simultaneously with the construction work on the construction of the palace, work was also carried out on laying out the garden. Sheremetev himself planned to surround the palace with a regular park, laid out in the French style. Later he created a landscape park. However, the first, regular park formed the basis of the Pleasure Garden, which had a parterre, a cedar grove, a “private garden”, and an embankment. The pleasure garden was adjacent to the palace building. The part of the cedar grove located closer to the estate was called the Surplus Garden, but later it was turned into the English Park. All work on its creation was entrusted to the gardener - a real Englishman. Linden and oak, maple and hazel, viburnum and honeysuckle have successfully taken root in the garden. The park area was supplemented by 5 artificial ponds. According to the owner’s idea, a Sculpture Park was located along Botanicheskaya Street. In addition to flower beds, statues and gazebos with columns, there is an open gallery and stage.