How is the grammatical basis of a sentence indicated? Workshop on the Russian language: what is the grammatical basis

Concept "grammatical basis" is inextricably linked with the sentence - one of the main syntactic units of the Russian language. Let's find out what is the core of the sentence.

Each sentence has its own core, around which the rest of its members are grouped. This grammatical core consists of the main members - the subject and predicate in a two-part sentence or only the subject or predicate in a one-part sentence, for example:

Twilight. It's early evening. We swam quite slowly (I.S. Turgenev).

What is the grammatical basis of a sentence

The sky was darkening- the grammatical basis of a simple sentence.

Who? we are the subject expressed by a personal pronoun in the nominative plural form.

What did we do? swam - predicate.

Examples of expressing the subject using different parts of speech

Three (numeral) slipped unnoticed into the yard.

Finally the long-awaited day after tomorrow has arrived (adverb).

To protect (infinitive) nature means to protect the Motherland.

Several children (numeral + noun) surrounded her with expressions of delight on their faces.

The girl is singing. The girl was singing. The girl will sing.

Will you live in this house?

We won't talk about the past.

Let the children of the whole Earth rejoice!

Let her go into the garden.

glad, ready, must, obliged, forced, intends.

The lecturer continued to present interesting facts from the life of insects.

You must tell me about this incident.

Father and mother decided to go to the village the next day.

The forester could not refuse the guests and took them to the lake where the swans lived.

The girl had the intention of coming closer and examining this exotic flower more carefully.

Compound nominal predicate consists of a linking verb expressing the grammatical meaning of the predicate, and a nominal part (noun, adjective, pronoun, numeral, etc.) expressing the lexical meaning.

The word can act as a linking verb "be" in any form (will, will, will, was, would be, is). The ligament may be missing. In this case, we speak of a zero copula.

The juniper alley will be like a path in the forest.

Video lesson “The grammatical basis of a sentence. The main members of the proposal"

Offer is the smallest unit of communication. With the help of sentences, we express our thoughts and feelings, turn to each other with questions, advice, requests, wishes and orders.

The waters flowed quietly.

What? - sky. This is a subject, which, as a rule, is expressed by a noun (pronoun) in the nominative case form or any part of speech in the meaning of a noun.

A snowstorm (noun) arrived immediately (N. Ostrovsky).

I (pronoun) was driving alone in the evening on a racing droshky (I.S. Turgenev)

Smart (adjective) speaks for itself by its actions.

Those who arrived (communion) noisily sat down at the tables.

The bonds of friendship (phrase) connected them since childhood.

Let's discuss our plans.

Examples of a compound verb predicate

You are just starting to live!

The rain stopped falling and the bright sun came out.

Who told you to pick flowers in my garden?

Those gathered wanted to hear an old song.

Everyone is happy to help you.

The Greeks believed that the world is harmony and rhythm.

Mercury is also a metal.

russkiiyazyk.ru

The round dances were already leaving; A fisherman’s fire was already burning across the river, smoking (A.S. Pushkin).

To highlight the grammatical basis of a sentence, let’s find out who or what the statement is about. To do this, let's ask questions: Who? or What?

What does it say about heaven? What was the sky doing? faded- this is a predicate.

We were sailing- grammatical basis.

He who (pronoun) does not work, does not eat.

Nine (numeral) is divisible by three.

Loud cheers (interjection) echoed across the square.

The second main component of the grammatical basis is the predicate, which can be expressed by all conjugated forms of the verb. Such a predicate is called a simple verb - PGS.

The difficulty of isolating such a predicate is that it can be expressed by two words that make up complex forms of a future tense verb in the indicative mood or forms of the imperative mood, for example:

When will you have breakfast?

My friend won't talk about it.

Compound verb predicate(SGS) consists of an auxiliary linking verb and an infinitive.

The auxiliary verb does not have an independent lexical meaning, but expresses the beginning, continuation or end of an action (phasic verb) or denotes possibility, desire, expression of will, obligation, evaluation, etc. (modal verb).

Short adjectives can also act as connectives:

Particularly difficult are the GHS, which contain stable phrases with a modal meaning:

We are ready to leave immediately.

I had no right to take risks and therefore walked through the swamp carefully.

The water near the shores of the lake was crystal clear.

The order of highlighting grammatical bases

The diagram presented below will help you learn how to correctly highlight the grammatical bases of a sentence.

How to determine the grammatical basis? Explanation of sentence parsing, complex cases

The grammatical basis of a sentence (subject and predicate) is its semantic and syntactic center. The chain of syntactic parsing begins with the definition of the grammatical basis. The ability to correctly determine the grammatical basis in a sentence provides direction for establishing logical relationships between words in a sentence and helps solve punctuation problems (including when learning a foreign language). If the grammatical basis was determined incorrectly, then all further analysis will go along the wrong path.

As part of the grammatical basis there are subject and predicate. If a sentence consists of one main member, then it is only a subject or predicate. There are no sentences without a basis (except for incomplete ones)!

Stage No. 1. We find the subject. Questions WHO? or WHAT?

The subject is the main member of the sentence, grammatically independent.

In a typical sentence, this is the thing (in the broad sense) that the sentence is talking about. This is a word in the nominative case. Most often this is a noun or pronoun that answers the questions: Who? or What?

Wolf came out of the forest (What or what is the sentence talking about? About a wolf, that is, we pose the question: Who? Wolf. Noun).
Shaggy black dog suddenly jumped out from somewhere out of the sedge thickets (Who? Dog. Noun).
I smiled and went forward. (Who? I. Pronoun).

There are some cases where the subject is expressed in other ways (not as a noun or as a pronoun):

Other ways of expressing the subject

Examples

Numeral (quantitative and collective) as a noun

Three came out of the forest.

Adjective as a noun

Well-fed not a companion for the hungry.

Participle as a noun

Vacationers had a fun time.

Will make it through the road going.

Tomorrow will definitely come.

It thundered in the distance hooray.

We are with friends we left earlier.

Quite a few schoolchildren participated in the competition.

Infinitive

compose- my passion.

Stage No. 2. We find the predicate. Questions: WHAT DOES IT DO? (and etc.)

What are the predicates?

The predicate is connected with the subject and answers the question that is asked to it from the subject: What does the subject do?

But with the appropriate expression of the subject (see table above), these can be other questions: What is the subject?, What is the subject), etc.

Examples:

Wolf came out of the forest (We ask a question from the actor, from the subject: what did the wolf do? Came out - this is a predicate expressed by a verb).
Shaggy black dog suddenly jumped out from somewhere out of the sedge thickets (What did the dog do? Jumped out).
I smiled and went forward. (What I did was smile and go).

Predicates in Russian are of three types:

Simple verb (one verb). Example: The wolf came out.
Compound verb (auxiliary verb + infinitive). Example: I'm hungry. I have to go to Suzdal (essentially two verbs in the predicate).
Compound nominal (linking verb + nominal part). Example: I will be a teacher (essentially a verb and another part of speech in the predicate).

see also:

Difficult cases in determining predicates

Situation 1. Often problems with determining the predicate arise in a situation where a simple verbal predicate is expressed in more than one word. Example: Today you will not have lunch alone (= have lunch).

In this sentence, the predicate will dine is a simple verb, it is expressed in two words for the reason that this is a compound form of the future tense.

Situation 2. I found myself in difficulty doing this work (= found it difficult). The predicate is expressed by phraseological units.

Situation 3. Another difficult case is in sentences in which the compound predicate is represented by a short participle form. Example: The doors are always open.

An error in determining the type of predicate may be associated with an incorrect definition of the part of speech (a short participle should be distinguished from a verb). In fact, in this sentence the predicate is a compound nominal, and not a simple verb, as it might seem.

Why is it compound if it is expressed in one word? Because in the present tense form the verb has a zero connective. If you put the predicate in the form of the past or future tense, it will appear. Compare. Doors are always will open. Doors are always were open.

Situation 4. A similar error can occur in the case of expressing the nominal part of a compound nominal predicate with a noun or adverb.

Example. Our hut is the second from the edge. (Compare: Our hut was the second one from the edge).

Dasha is married to Sasha (Compare: Dasha was married to Sasha).

Remember that words are part of a compound predicate possible, necessary, impossible.

Determining the stem in one-part sentences

In nominative sentences, the stem will be represented by the subject.

Example: Winter morning.

In indefinite sentences there is only a predicate. The subject is not expressed, but it is understandable.

Example: I love the storm in early May.

The most difficult case of expressing the stem in impersonal sentences. Most often these are just different types of compound nominal predicates.

Examples: I need to act. The house is warm. I'm upset. There is no comfort, no peace.

If you do not develop the skill of determining the basis of a sentence in the early grades, this will lead to difficulties in analyzing single-part and complex sentences in grades 8-9. If you gradually develop this skill by increasing complexity, then all problems will be resolved.

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Grammar basis of a sentence with examples

Grammar basis sentences form the main members of the sentence ( subject and predicate). That is, the grammatical basis of a sentence (predicative basis, core) is the main part of the sentence, which consists of its main members: subject and predicate. See also introductory words. After reading this article 5-ege.ru, you can easily find it in any sentence.

Subject.

Subject can be expressed not only by a noun or pronoun in nominative case, but also:

Seven (num.) one is not expected. All the past (adj. as a noun) I was just dreaming.

- numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun in R.P.;

A lot of people gathered in the prince’s hut. Several ladies walked quickly up and down the platform.

- some, everyone, much / adjective + of + noun in R.P.;

Best of Students quickly solved this problem.

- someone, something + adjective, participle as a noun;

Something so insignificant tied in a scarf.

- noun / pronoun + s + noun / pronoun in Tv.P. ( but only if the predicate is expressed by a plural verb!).

Vanya and I went along the forest road ( plural predicate.).

Anna she entered the room with her daughter in her arms (predicate in singular).

Live in a lordly way - this is a noble affair

Predicate.

In the Russian language there are three types of predicates. The following algorithm of actions will help you determine which type is represented in your proposal.

Distinguish!

If a sentence contains homogeneous predicates, then each of them should be considered separately.

Also watch the video presentation.

Clue.

1) Most often, the definition of a simple verbal predicate, expressed in more than one word, raises doubts:

I will take part in the exhibition.

In this example I will take part– a complex form of the future tense, which is defined in syntax as a simple predicate. And the combination participate is a phraseological unit that can be replaced by the word I'm participating. Therefore, we have a simple verbal predicate.

Trap!

People often make the mistake of calling the following construction simple verbal predicates:

Everything in Moscow is imbued with poetry, punctuated with rhymes.

This error is due to two factors.

First, we must distinguish the short passive participle from the past tense verb form.

Short participles have suffixes -T-, -N-, and the verb -L-. Means, soakedBut, puncturedTo- These are short passive participles.

Secondly, we have before us a predicate that is expressed in just one word, but what is it - simple or compound (see Morphological analysis of a word with examples)? Try adding some time adverb to the sentence, for example, at the beginning of the twentieth century, and see how these forms behave.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, everything in Moscow was imbued with poetry and punctuated with rhymes.

A bunch appears was and the predicate clearly becomes compound. The Russian language is not characterized by constructions in the present tense with a copula be. Agree, it sounds clearly foreign if we say: All in Moscow There is imbued with poetry, rhymes There is pierced.

Thus, if in a sentence you encounter predicates, expressed short passive participles, then you are dealing with compound nominal predicate.

Words it is impossible, it is possible, it is necessary, it is necessary included in composite predicates.

I need to get off at this stop.

Be careful with your words to be, to appear, to appear, since by highlighting only them, you may miss another component of the predicate.

She seemed funny to me. Wrong!

If you only highlight words appeared, then the meaning of the sentence changes completely ( seemed = dreamed, dreamed, imagined).

Right: She seemed funny to me

Wrong: The teacher was strict (was = existed, lived).

Right: The teacher was strict.

This task offers quite complex sentences for analysis and the answer options are very often similar to each other. What “traps” can you expect here?

1) Proposals can be compiled according to different models:

subject + predicate;

only predicate or subject (one-part sentences);

subject + homogeneous predicates;

homogeneous subjects + predicate.

The answer option may omit a subject, predicate, or one of the homogeneous subjects or predicates.

Remember!

The grammatical basis includes ALL the main parts of the sentence; omitting one of them is a clear mistake.

2) The answer option can combine the subject and predicate of different grammatical bases.

3) The subject can only be in I.P.! Answer options with nouns, pronouns not in I.P. obviously incorrect (except for those cases when they are part of the predicate and without them the whole meaning of the sentence changes).

4) The answer option may contain a participle or participial phrase, which are never included in the grammatical basis.

Designs should be distinguished verb + noun in V.P. And noun + passive participle.

The coordinates were calculated. ? The coordinates have been calculated.

IN first case coordinates is a noun in the accusative case that depends on the verb (i.e. addition), and in second is a nominative case form that agrees with the past participle (i.e. subject). If you change each of the designs, the differences will be visible. Let's put the predicates in each of the sentences in the singular form:

Calculated the coordinates. The coordinate has been calculated.

The subject and predicate always agree with each other, but the object remains unchanged.

5) Sometimes words which, which in complex sentences they are subjects.

[And shiny droplets crawled down his cheeks], (the kind that happen on windows when it rains). (what = droplets).

Analysis of the task.

1. Which combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

(1) So what is the difference between human and animal perception? (2) For an animal, only concrete things exist; its perception is inseparable from the real environment in which it lives and acts. (3) So, for example, the “TV version” of a dog means nothing to a cat. (4) Man, in the process of evolution, acquired the unique ability to create in his imagination ideal images of reality, but they no longer seem to be a direct copy of a specific thing. (5) Thanks to the development of cognitive activity, in particular, the processes of abstraction and generalization, a person can isolate any individual features of the object being studied, abstracting from all other, unimportant details. (6) Thus, a person has the ability to form a generalized image of a real thing, which allows him to see and recognize the common signs and qualities of various phenomena of reality.

1) perception is (sentence 2)

2) acquired the ability (sentence 4)

3) they do not appear to be a cast (sentence 4)

4) which allows you to see (sentence 6)

Option #1 is not a grammatical basis, since here the predicate is not fully represented, which distorts the meaning of the entire sentence (perception is = in the meaning “comes, arrives somewhere for some reason”). See point 3 in the “Predicate” section.

Option No. 2 is also incorrect because it lacks a subject. Who acquired the ability? In sentence 4 the subject is the word Human.

Option #3 true, although at first glance it seems wrong. The authors of the task are deliberately trying to confuse us. Although the word cast is not in the I.P. form, but it is part of the predicate, since without it the logic of the story is lost. They don’t introduce themselves = The images don’t give their names?!

Option No. 4 incorrect . The subject is highlighted correctly. Word which, as we have already said, can be subject. In the subordinate clause it is replaced by the word image and performs the same functions, that is, it is the subject. But the predicate is not fully represented. In the sentence it is - allows you to see and recognize.

Thus, the student who chooses option 3 will be right.

2. What words are the grammatical basis in the sixth (6) sentence of the text?

(1)… (2) They are united by one desire - to know. (3) And their ages are different, and their professions are very different, and their level of knowledge is completely different, but everyone tried to know more than they already know. (4) This expressed the need of millions and millions of people who greedily absorbed all the secrets of the world, all the knowledge and skills accumulated by mankind. (5) Library visitors either studied somewhere or dreamed of studying. (6) They all needed books, but when they came to the library, they got lost in the ocean of books. (7) ... (According to K. Chukovsky).

1) books were needed, they were lost

2) they needed it, they were lost

3) books were needed, when they came here they got lost

4) books were needed, they were lost in the ocean

The correct one is Option 1, since in other variants the second ones included minor members of the sentence in the base: in the second, the word is superfluous them (addition, stands in D.P.), in the third there is an adverbial phrase that is not part of the basis of the sentence, and in the fourth there is an adverbial phrase in the ocean.

3. What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences (or part of it)?

(1)... (2) She will die of hunger if the gates are strong and no one opens them, but does not think of moving away from the gates and pulling them towards themselves. (3) Only a person understands that you have to be patient, work hard and do something you don’t want in order for what you want to happen. (4) A person can restrain himself, not eat, not drink, not sleep only because he knows what is good and should be done and what is bad and should not be done, and this is taught to a person by his ability to think. (5) Some people increase it in themselves, others do not. (6)…

1) she will die (sentence 2)

2) what you want (sentence 3)

3) what is good and should be done (sentence 4)

4) teaches ability (sentence 4)

This is a task of increased difficulty.

Option #1 incorrect, since not all predicates are indicated by the authors. The sentence has a rather difficult structure to analyze. It is complex with a subordinate clause that is wedged between two homogeneous predicates. Therefore, you may not notice that the basis she will die must also include a predicate won’t think to step back and pull.

Option No. 2 is also excluded. Verb I want to is impersonal and there cannot be a subject with it.

Option #3 similar to the previous one. This sentence is also impersonal. Word must in dictionaries it is defined as a category of state that is used in sentences without a subject.

True is Option 4.

Home » Preparation for the Unified State Exam in Russian » Grammar basis of a sentence with examples

Subject.

Remember!

Subject can be expressed not only by a noun or pronoun in nominative case, but also:

1) numeral, adjective and participle in I.P. as a noun;

Seven (num.)one is not expected. All the past (adj. as a noun)I was just dreaming.

2) designs:

Numeral / several, many, part, majority, minority + noun in R.P.;

The prince had gathered in the hut a lot of people. Several ladies walked quickly up and down the platform.

Some, every, much / adjective + of + noun in R.P.;

Best of Students quickly solved this problem.

Someone, something + adjective, participle as a noun;

Something so insignificant tied in a scarf.

Noun / pronoun + s + noun / pronoun in Tv.P. ( but only if the predicate is expressed by a plural verb!).

Vanya and Iwent along the forest road ( plural predicate.).

Annashe entered the room with her daughter in her arms (predicate in singular).

3) an infinitive, which names an action that does not occur in time.

Livein a lordly way - this is a noble affair

Predicate.

In the Russian language there are three types of predicates. The following algorithm of actions will help you determine which type is represented in your proposal.

Distinguish!

If a sentence contains homogeneous predicates, then each of them should be considered separately.

Also watch the video presentation.

Clue.

1) Most often, the definition of a simple verbal predicate, expressed in more than one word, raises doubts:

I I will take part in the exhibition.

Trap!

People often make the mistake of calling the following construction simple verbal predicates:

Everything in Moscow is imbued with poetry, punctuated with rhymes.

This error is due to two factors.

First, we must distinguish the short passive participle from the past tense verb form.

Remember!

Short participles have suffixes -T-, -N-, and the verb -L-. Means, soakedBut, puncturedTo- These are short passive participles.

At the beginning of the twentieth century, everything in Moscow was imbued with poetry and punctuated with rhymes.

Thus, if in a sentence you encounter predicates, expressed short passive participles, then you are dealing with compound nominal predicate.

Remember!

Words it is impossible, it is possible, it is necessary, it is necessary included in composite predicates.

To me need to get off at this stop.

Trap!

Be careful with your words to be, to appear, to appear, since by highlighting only them, you may miss another component of the predicate.

She seemed funny to me.Wrong!

If you only highlight words appeared, then the meaning of the sentence changes completely ( seemed = dreamed, dreamed, imagined).

Right: She seemed funny to me

Wrong: The teacher was strict (was = existed, lived).

Right: The teacher was strict.

Trap!

This task offers quite complex sentences for analysis and the answer options are very often similar to each other. What “traps” can you expect here?

1) Proposals can be compiled according to different models:

subject + predicate;
only predicate or subject (one-part sentences);
subject + homogeneous predicates;
homogeneous subjects + predicate.

The answer option may omit a subject, predicate, or one of the homogeneous subjects or predicates.

Remember!

The grammatical basis includes ALL the main parts of the sentence; omitting one of them is a clear mistake.

2) The answer option can combine the subject and predicate of different grammatical bases.

4) The answer option may contain a participle or participial phrase, which are never included in the grammatical basis.

Distinguish!

Designs should be distinguished verb + noun in V.P. And noun + passive participle.

The coordinates were calculated. ? The coordinates have been calculated.

Calculated the coordinates. The coordinate has been calculated.

The subject and predicate always agree with each other, but the object remains unchanged.

5) Sometimes words which, which in complex sentences they are subjects.

[And shiny droplets crawled down his cheeks], (the kind that happen on windows when it rains). (what = droplets).

Analysis of the task.

1. Which combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences or in one of the parts of a complex sentence?

1) perception is (sentence 2)

2) acquired the ability (sentence 4)

3) they do not appear to be a cast (sentence 4)

4) which allows you to see (sentence 6)

Option No. 2 is also incorrect because it lacks a subject. Who acquired the ability? In sentence 4 the subject is the word Human.

So way, the student who chooses option 3 will be right.

2. What words are the grammatical basis in the sixth (6) sentence of the text?

1) books were needed, they were lost

2) they needed it, they were lost

3) books were needed, when they came here they got lost

4) books were needed, they were lost in the ocean

3. What combination of words is the grammatical basis in one of the sentences (or part of it)?

1) she will die (sentence 2)

2) what you want (sentence 3)

3) what is good and should be done (sentence 4)

4) teaches ability (sentence 4)

This is a task of increased difficulty.

Option No. 2 is also excluded. Verb I want to is impersonal and there cannot be a subject with it.

Option #3 similar to the previous one. This sentence is also impersonal. Word must in dictionaries it is defined as a category of state that is used in sentences without a subject.

True is Option 4.

Perhaps you have already been able to verify that even the lightest punctuation marks (at the end of a sentence) are not as easy to place as it immediately seems because it is necessary think about the meaning of sentences and text. And it’s even more difficult work on punctuation in the middle of a sentence. Here you need to think about what blocks the sentence consists of, where the boundaries of the blocks are, and then place punctuation marks in accordance with the rules. Don't be scared! We will deal with even the most complex cases, help you understand them and turn them into simple ones!

Let's start, perhaps, with main blocks - simple sentences, which may be part of a complex What does a simple sentence consist of? His heart is grammatical basis, usually consisting of subject And predicate. Around the grammatical stem are located minor members of the sentence, isolated and non-separated; included in the predicate group and the subject group.

The grammatical basis is the basis because the whole proposal rests on it. If you learn to quickly find it, it will be easy to place those necessary punctuation marks that will mark the boundary of simple sentences within a complex one. How should one reason?

Determine how many stems are in a sentence:

Is it difficult to find the grammatical basis of a sentence? Sometimes it's very simple: subject (who? or what?), predicate (what is he doing? what did he do?). But often there are more complicated cases.

Conclusion: one basis - a simple sentence; two or more basics – complex.

Try to determine the grammatical basis of the following sentences (see answers below).

1. Everything is clear to us, the masters.
2. Suddenly a “cuckoo” sound was heard from the little window of the bright room!
3. Your host is both nice and hospitable.
4. Everyone tries to get involved with their own proposal.
5. The village where we played in the summer was a lovely place.
6. Evening. Forest. Long journey.
7. Our city is decorated with a wonderful park.
8. He who strives for victory will definitely win.

If you completed this job without errors, congratulations! If you come across mistakes, don’t be upset: they exist for this purpose, to cope with it and overcome them!

What mistakes could lie in wait for you here? Someone might have lost the subject, somewhere there was no predicate, in some sentence an object was squeezed in instead of the subject, in some cases members of the sentence were even emphasized that had nothing to do with each other.

Is it really that scary? Of course not! But, if you find the grammatical basis incorrectly, you cannot see the blocks correctly, so it turns out that a simple sentence is mistakenly taken for a complex one, in complex ones the number of parts is incorrectly determined, which means that punctuation marks are arranged as they please.

How to find this insidious grammatical basis? You can first find the predicate, then the subject, or vice versa, just remember a few tips:

1) In order to find the subject, be sure to specify from the predicate double question: who? What? Then you You are unlikely to confuse subject and object.

Try this when determining the subject in the following sentences.

The captain saw the shore first.

The front of the dress was decorated with flowers.

If you asked a double question from the predicate, then you found the subjects captain And flowers.

2) In order to find the predicate, try asking questions: “What is happening? What does it say about the subject? What is this subject (subject)? What is he doing? (subject)"

Consider examples. Subject highlighted bold, predicate – italics.

Pupilwas beautiful.

On the street freshly And windy.

For kids couldn't sit still on the spot.

Wonderful a game– catching up!

3) From the reversal of the terms, the sum is changing. This means be careful about certain sentences when determining the grammatical basis.

Green City(one-part noun sentence).

The city is green(two-part sentence).

You have already seen that this happens when a sentence has only a subject or only a predicate (much more often). Such proposals are called one-piece. Be careful when working with such offers! It is in them often the complement is disguised as the subject in meaning. Then go back to our first clue, ask a double question– and everything will become clear.

Try to find the grammatical basis in these sentences.

To me cold But.

To him can't sleep.

To me I want to smilesnuggle.

Many people will say that these sentences have a subject and a predicate, that is, they are two-part. Then I can ask what is the subject? The answer may be - me, him. Then one more question: Where are the words I and HE in these sentences? There are none, there are other forms: me, him. And this is already not a subject, but an object. If you ask the question: Who? What?- everything will fall into place. The correct answer is: this one-part impersonal sentences. They do not and cannot have a subject, the predicate is in italics.

We hope that you will now have fewer problems determining the grammatical basis of a sentence!

Good luck in learning Russian!

Answers to the task.

Subject highlighted bold, predicate – italics.

1. EverythingIt's clear.
2. I heard"peek-a-boo"!
3. Masternice, hospitable.
4. Every tries to get in.
5. Villagewas adorable corner; Wewere playing.
6. Evening. Forest. Further path.
7. Decoratesa park. 8. Aspiringwill win.

Still have questions? Don't know how to find the grammatical basis?
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A sentence is a syntactic unit that consists of a predicatively formed word or combination of words. It serves to convey a message, question, or encourage action.

Predicativeness is an affirmation or negation of something, conveyed by the grammatical forms of the main members and the intonation of completeness, that is, intonational semantic completeness.

The following punctuation marks can appear at the end of a sentence: period, question mark, exclamation mark.

The main feature of a sentence is the presence of a grammatical basis (subject and predicate or one of the main members): By morning the flowers bloomed. Morning. It's getting colder.

The subject is the main member of the sentence, which answers the questions who? What? (Everyone arrived on time).

Morphological ways of expressing the subject

1. Noun or other part of speech expressed as a noun: The meeting began on time.

2. Nominative pronoun: I will definitely read this book.

3. Indefinite form of the verb: To live - to serve the Motherland (Proverb).

4. Phraseologisms: Young and old came out into the field.

5. Whole phrases: Prokhor and Gregory harnessed the horses (M. Sholokhov).

A simple verbal predicate is expressed by a verb in the form of one of the moods. Its lexical and grammatical meaning is contained in one word: Spring came unexpectedly (indicative mood).

The simple verbal predicate agrees with the subject in number and person in the present and future tense of the indicative mood and in the imperative mood (Do your homework quickly), in number - in the past tense of the indicative mood and in the conditional mood (Suddenly he fell silent).

A compound predicate is a predicate in which the lexical and grammatical meanings are expressed in different words. A compound predicate can be nominal or verbal.

A compound verb consists of an auxiliary verb expressing grammatical meaning and an indefinite form of the verb: He began to tell.

Meanings of an auxiliary verb: beginning, end or continuation of an action (The girl continued to tell); possibility or desirability of action (He was going to wait).

A compound nominal predicate consists of a linking verb expressing grammatical meaning and a nominal part expressing lexical meaning. The role of connectives can be verbs that have the meaning of movement, state: come, return, arrive: We returned from the sea rested.

The nominal predicate may include particles this, as if, as if, not: Poverty is not a vice.

The nominal part of a compound nominal predicate can be expressed:

Noun (Moscow - hero city);

Adjective (The night was moonlit);

A short passive participle (The whole room is illuminated with an amber shine. A. Pushkin);

Numeral noun (Three and two will be five);

Pronoun (The notebook was mine);

Adverb (His boots fit well);

Syntactically indivisible phrase (Her dress was red).

1. Indicate sentences in which the predicate is a compound verb.

a) The night taiga rages around Gregory on both sides (V. Lipatov).

b) You need to go down to the Ilyinsky whirlpool along the sloping bank (K. Paustovsky).

c) Winter began to rule over the earth (K. Paustovsky).

d) Everything around him will seem extraordinary (K. Paustovsky).

2. Indicate sentences with a simple verbal predicate.

a) He walked alone, lost among the forest fields (V. Lidin).

b) Yesterday he failed to understand what was said (Yu. Bondarev).

c) The table sank even deeper (F. Abramov).

d) There was no need to push anyone (L. Panteleev).

3. Indicate sentences with a compound nominal predicate.

a) In the little house the windows were closed day and night (M. Sholokhov).

b) And each distance was kept in its own light (K. Paustovsky).

c) The sea was as majestic, endless and inhospitable as it was seven years ago (A. Chekhov).

d) The students paid Levitan with reciprocal love (K. Paustovsky).

4. In which sentences are grammatical bases incorrectly highlighted? (There are no punctuation marks.)

a) It began to rain (S. Borodin).

b) The horse, sensing a place to sleep for the night, ran at a large trot (S. Borodin).

c) There was a rustling sound all over the river from fluffy pieces of foam bursting every now and then (V. Korolenko).

d) In some places the clearing was completely filled with water (I. Turgenev).

5. In what sentences is the infinitive used as a secondary member of the sentence?

a) Given the possibility of losing her forever, Vera became dearer to him than anything in the world (M. Lermontov).

b) At any time of the year I had to go to the station from my village (V. Soloukhin).

c) The division commander, Colonel Marchenko... after bandaging, lay down to rest (M. Sholokhov).

d) I told the coachman to drive more quietly (S. Borodin).

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Examples of a compound verb predicate

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