As the epigraph “Take care of honor from a young age” of the novel by A.S. Pushkin was reflected in the fate of the main characters. How does the epigraph “take care of your honor from a young age” reveal the main meaning of the novel? (School essays) The meaning of the epigraph captain's daughter take care of honor from a young age

1. How does Grinev manifest himself in many life situations? (to Pugachev, to the servant Savelich)
2 . How does the theme of honor develop in the novel? (Epigraph "Take care of your honor from a young age")
3 . Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova. (Relationships, love, etc., etc.)

olg? Did Shvabrin love Masha? 5. How does the fate of the heroes relate to the epigraph in the story? (Take care of your honor from a young age)

The author not only tells about this event, but also shows how people who find themselves in a difficult situation behave. It is no coincidence that Pushkin chooses the famous proverb as the epigraph of the story: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” Some of the heroes of the story follow these words all their lives and choose death instead of betrayal, while others are ready to sacrifice ideals and principles to save their own lives. The main characters around whom the plot of the story is built are Grinev and Shvabrin. By following their destinies, we will be able to understand what an officer’s honor and human dignity are. Young officers Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin are characters whose characters and views are completely opposite. This is evidenced by how differently they behave in everyday life, in critical situations, and in love. And if you feel sympathy for Grinev from the very first pages of the story, then meeting Shvabrin evokes contempt and disgust. The portrait of Shvabrin is as follows: “... a young officer of short stature, with a dark and distinctly ugly face.” His appearance matches his nature - evil, cowardly, hypocritical. Shvabrin is capable of dishonest acts; it costs him nothing to slander or betray a person for his own benefit. This person cares most about his “selfish” interest. Shvabrin is an officer who defected to Pugachev’s side. His image in the story is clearly negative. According to Grinev, any officer who violates the oath and noble duty is a criminal and a villain. Pushkin emphasizes that Shvabrin is a rich nobleman, a brilliant guards officer (“discharged from the guards for a duel”), of which there are many. He is “not very stupid”, but “very superficially educated”, he has a social gloss, but he is extremely spoiled and is used to having all his wishes come true. If obstacles arise in the way of his whims, he can easily resort to deception and slander. Shvabrin is envious, vindictive, cowardly and at the same time arrogant. He is a selfish, unprincipled careerist, dishonest and treacherous. His moral ugliness is reflected in his “absolutely ugly” face. Grinev was raised in the family of a retired military man and became an officer himself. Petrusha is a gentle and conscientious young man, filled with the most rosy dreams. For him, the height of human well-being is service in the guard. However, life itself dispels his illusions. He is characterized by such character traits, at least one of which is now very difficult to meet, which suggests that in our time people with heroic qualities collected together do not exist. Grinev embodies and proves throughout the story his loyalty and devotion. It would seem surprising, where did this bright feeling come from? After all, the French teacher did not teach Peter this, since he himself “was not an enemy of the bottle,” and, for sure, was far from high matters. It turns out that his parents (especially his father) raised Petrusha in such a way that he cannot even imagine betrayal. Since childhood, he was surrounded by devoted people, and it is difficult for the young man to understand with what ease Shvabrin goes over to Pugachev’s side, because he himself, having already sworn allegiance to the empress, cannot even think about treason. Pushkin's story has a happy ending. Nobility and honesty overcome baseness and betrayal. Grinev was released from prison, and in the finale he marries Masha. Pushkin does not write about the fate of Shvabrin, but, apparently, he was executed for participating in the Pugachev rebellion. This is a fair punishment for such an insignificant person. By comparing these heroes, I can judge what a real officer should be like. He will never lose his honorable name, will not betray his Motherland. This is exactly what noble people have done at all times.

Help me write a conclusion

But the most important moral test was ahead. In Orenburg, having received a letter from Masha, Grinev had to make a decisive choice: a soldier’s duty demanded to obey the general’s decision, to remain in the besieged city - a duty of honor demanded to respond to Masha’s desperate call: “you are my only patron; intercede for poor me.” Grinev the man defeated Grinev the soldier, who had sworn allegiance to the empress - he decided to leave Orenburg, and then took advantage of Pugachev’s help.
Grinev understands honor as human dignity, the unity of conscience and a person’s inner conviction that he is right. We see the same “human dimension” of honor and duty in his father, who, having learned about his son’s alleged betrayal, speaks of his ancestor who died because he “regarded honor as the shrine of his conscience.”
The hero's moral potential was revealed during the riot. Already on the day of the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, he several times had to choose between honor and dishonor, and in fact between life and death.
Literature – 9th grade A. S. Pushkin. "Captain's daughter". The fate of the heroes and the meaning of the epigraph “Take care of your honor from a young age.”
Honor in the novel became a measure of humanity and decency of all heroes. The attitude towards honor and duty separated Grinev and Shvabrin. Grinev’s sincerity, openness and honesty attracted Pugachev to him (“My sincerity struck Pugachev”). Historical trials reveal hidden volitional qualities in a person (Masha Mironova). Meanness and baseness make him a complete scoundrel (Shvabrin). History gives a chance to escape even in difficult trials to those who are honest, humane and merciful.
“The Captain’s Daughter” is a historical novel (about a peasant revolt led by Pugachev), and a family chronicle of the Grinevs, and a biography novel of Pyotr Grinev, and a novel of education (the story of the formation of the character of a noble “minor”), and a parable novel (the fate of the heroes - confirmation of the moral thesis that became the epigraph to the novel: “Take care of your honor from a young age”). Grinev is a witness and participant in historical events. The formation of the personality of a young nobleman is a continuous chain of tests of his honor and human decency. Having left home, he continually finds himself in situations of moral choice. At first, they are no different from those that happen in every person’s life (losing a hundred rubles to Zurin, meeting a counselor during a snowstorm, a love conflict). He is absolutely unprepared for life and must rely only on his moral sense. The instruction of his stern father, received before leaving, limited his life experience.

Essay on literature on the topic: A. S. Pushkin. "Captain's daughter". The fate of the heroes and the meaning of the epigraph “Take care of honor from a young age”

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2. “Take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age” is a famous Russian folk proverb. In A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter” she is like a prism through which the author invites the reader to view his heroes. Subjecting the characters in the story to numerous tests, Pushkin masterfully shows their true Read More ......
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7. At the heart of A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter” is a clash and a great human conflict of views, characters, and natures. Grinev and Shvabrin are two completely opposite representatives of the Russian nobility. Grinev seems to us to be a kind man, obedient to his parents’ will, noble and honest. Before departure Read More ......
8. The main character of A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter” is Pyotr Andreevich Grinev. The son of a landowner, Grinev received home education according to the custom of that time - first under the leadership of Savelich, then Beaupré (a hairdresser by profession). Grinev's father, domineering to the point of tyranny, but honest, but Read More......

One of the most talented wordsmiths of the 19th century is A. S. Pushkin. He wrote a large number of the greatest works that will forever go down in the history of both Russian and world literature. One of the most famous works in prose is "The Captain's Daughter". The poet himself called "The Captain's Daughter" a novel, but the work has the dimensions of a story. The small volume is explained by the extreme conciseness of Pushkin’s prose style. The novel is mostly written in simple sentences. Despite the small volume, the events of the novel cover about two years: from the beginning of the winter of 1772/73 to January 1775. The plot of the work is based on events from the life of the main character, which unfold against the backdrop of real historical events. The author touched on a large number of issues that concern him. One of the most important issues raised in the novel was the theme of honor and duty, that is, a look at the understanding of their honor and duty by different people in different situations.

The main character of the novel is Pyotr Grinev, a young nobleman, an officer in Catherine’s army, a man of duty and honor, in whom moral principles are strong. He is a witness, narrator and direct participant in historical events. The hero of a historical work is not a historical figure, but a fictitious person, an essentially naive person. By force of circumstances, he finds himself involved in historical Events; during which he enters into relationships with historical figures. The son will understand the instructions of Father Grinev: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” The further fate of the hero represents the fulfillment of his father’s parting words and especially the covenant to preserve honor, despite all the difficulties, obstacles and mistakes on the hero’s path.

The concept of honor is different for father and son Grinev, since their worldview was formed in different conditions. If for the father this is, first of all, the honor of a nobleman and an officer, loyalty to the sovereign under any circumstances, then Grinev-son, without giving up such an understanding, knows how to expand the concept of honor to its universal, humane and civil meaning, to recognition of the heroic qualities of the leader of the uprising to “sympathy "and involuntary admiration for the moral height of Pugachev.

Grinev is one of the best people of his era; he sympathizes with Pugachev, although he does not understand the true meaning of the events taking place. At the moment, he saw in the leader of the uprising not an impostor, a bandit and a murderer, but, above all, precisely the person on whom his further personal happiness depended. Grinev does not refuse his help because of false pride, but is even grateful for Pugachev’s desire to help him and stop the arbitrariness of Shvabrin, who was not only a traitor, but also a low, immoral person.

In the person of Shvabrin, a typical representative of the guards officers of Catherine's time is shown. Shvabrin, as a guard officer, sees himself as a person to whom everything is permitted. We know little about his past: his career is broken, there is no hope of returning to St. Petersburg. In these circumstances, his transition to Pugachev’s side can be seen as an opportunity for change. The choice was made between betrayal of the oath and the inevitable gallows in case of refusal. Shvabrin deeply despises the people, hates and fears Pugachev, the goals of the uprising are alien to him.

Among the common people there is also a unique idea of ​​honor and duty. Savelich served the master for the best years of his life, serving him faithfully and faithfully. He was ready to give his life “for the master’s child.” The image of Savelich shows slavish obedience to his master.

Pugachev seemed to be an unprincipled and immoral man, seeing in Grinev not only an opponent, a daring nobleman, but a proud man who did not flinch before force. Even under pain of death, he did not want to swear allegiance to Pugachev, supposedly the true sovereign. Pugachev also contains human qualities, which are also revealed in his relationship with Grinev.

180 years ago, less than a year before his death, Pushkin wrote to his wife (from Moscow to St. Petersburg, May 18, 1836): “Your St. Petersburg news is terrible. What you write about Pavlov has reconciled me with him. I’m glad that he summoned Aprelev... In Moscow, everything, thank God, is peaceful: the fight between Kireev and Yar created great indignation among the prim local public... For me, Kireev’s fight is much more forgivable than... the prudence of young people who are spit on eyes, and they wipe themselves with a cambric handkerchief, realizing that if the story gets out, they won’t be invited to Anichkov..."

Pushkin wonders: where did these sensible young people come from, “who are spit in the eyes, and they wipe themselves off” instead of defending their honor? Sometimes I feel that we came out of the greatcoats of these meek people. We no longer hear the ringing of elastic steel in the word “honor,” and dishonor frightens us much less than the exchange rate of the ruble.

Nowadays, it seems, only quiet literature teachers remember honor and dishonor when they talk about “The Captain’s Daughter” with its epigraph “Take care of honor from a young age.”

"You will give me satisfaction"

Pushkin's letter was written precisely in those days when he was working on "The Captain's Daughter" - a story about honor and dishonor, about loyalty and betrayal, about love and hatred. By and large, it is enough for a Russian person to have just this book at hand in order to synchronize his moral clock at any moment. It’s worth at least re-reading the dialogue between Pugachev and Grinev:

"- Serve me faithfully, and I will make you a field marshal and a Potemkin. What do you think?

No, I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress..."

"The Captain's Daughter" is not only a historical story. This is Pushkin’s message to the nobility, which, after the Decembrist uprising, was imbued with fear, lost independence in thoughts, and fussed before the royal throne, which decided to make its support not the nobility, but the police.

Alexander Sergeevich put an end to the story on October 19, 1836, on the day of the Lyceum anniversary. On the same day, he copied out the poem “It was time: our holiday is young...” in order to read it to his fellow lyceum students in the evening. “It was time... we all lived easier and bolder...” - this is one of the most bitter lines in this last message from Pushkin to his friends.

The poet saw how a frightened society loses the ability for independent thoughts and courageous actions, how fear binds everyone individually, and the concept of honor becomes a decorative convention. Pushkin could not, did not want to join the silent majority.

The duel between Pyotr Grinev and the scoundrel Shvabrin was written by a man who was already on his way to the Black River.

“Why do you have such an opinion about her?” I asked, barely containing my indignation.

“And because,” he answered with a hellish grin, “I know her character and customs from experience.”

You're lying, you bastard! - I cried in rage, - you are lying in the most shameful way.

Shvabrin's face changed. This won’t work out for you,” he said, squeezing my hand. - You will give me satisfaction.

You can do it whenever you want! - I answered, delighted..."

Nicholas I hardly liked this chapter ("The Captain's Daughter" appeared in print in December 1836), because he fought with all means against duels in the army, calling them "barbaric", mercilessly punishing both the right and the guilty, both duelists and seconds . The rules of Russian dueling were indeed unusually strict, it was “a madman with a razor in his hand,” but along with the destruction of the dueling tradition, the “question of honor” also disappeared.

"Nobility of soul and clear conscience"

And today we need to look into Dahl’s dictionary to remember: what was it that, without hesitation, a person walked ten steps under a gun? In the name of what was a life full of great hopes and brilliant plans put at stake?..

So, “HONOR is the inner moral dignity of a person, valor, honesty, nobility of soul and clear conscience.” And here are examples: “A man of unblemished honor. By honor, I assure you with honor. An act incompatible with honor... If only you knew honor... A field of honor... My honor requires blood...”

Honor requires blood. That's why the word "honor" was echoed by the word "duel". Duel! Only this discharge of murderous force could quickly restore moral balance.

The morality of quick response!

The scoundrel knew that his meanness could be punished not by a fine in a year by a court verdict, but tonight. The latest is tomorrow morning. The vulgar man was wary of saying ambiguities out loud, fearing immediate retribution. Gossip Cop had to be careful. The scoundrel hid and kept appearances.

In the menacing light of dueling rules, words quickly turned to lead. For an insult or an unfulfilled promise, it was required to answer immediately. Before abandoning the dishonored girl, the rich rake involuntarily recalled the fate of the imperial aide-de-camp Novosiltsev, who was saved from a bullet by neither wealth nor belonging to the aristocracy (the details of the famous duel between Lieutenant Chernov, who stood up for the honor of his sister, and Novosiltsev were known even to children) .

And again, and most importantly - Pushkin!

What an irreparable and senseless death... Yes, irreparable, but not senseless. Yes, a “slave of honor,” but of honor, and not of something else!

"I swear on my honor!"

"Shvabrin's face changed." The duel with Dantes was supposed to change not only the insolent face of the visiting guest performer, but also the face of the public life of that time, so similar to the present one. To tear off the masks of pleasant business smiles, patriotic pathos, feigned concern for world problems and boorish condescension towards one’s own people.

But the masks remained, and the insolent man calmly left Russia, without understanding what happened and who he killed.

All on the same day, October 19, 1836 (truly: “and the day lasts longer than a century!”) Alexander Sergeevich wrote a letter to Pyotr Chaadaev in response to his publication of the “Philosophical Letter”: “This is a lack of public opinion, this is indifference to any duty , justice and truth, this cynical contempt for human thought and dignity can truly lead to despair..."

But Pushkin would not have been a Russian nobleman if he had not continued his thought: “But I swear on my honor that for nothing in the world I would not want to change my fatherland or have a history other than the history of our ancestors, the way God gave it to us. .."

And very shortly before the duel, Pushkin wrote to Prince Repnin: “As a nobleman and the father of a family, I must guard my honor and the name that I will leave to my children.”

That's all that remains for the children: honor and name.

1. Genre of the work.
2. History of creation.
3. Concept and main plot.
4. The fate of the heroes and the meaning of the epigraph.
5. The meaning of the work for the modern reader.

“The Captain's Daughter” by A. S. Pushkin is an original and controversial work. This is a historical story, conceived back in 1833, and a family chronicle of the Grinev family, and an exciting love story of two young hearts. The work can also be classified as a parable novel, since the fates of the main characters are a direct confirmation of the folk wisdom contained in the epigraph. It is also an educational novel or a character-building novel, one of the first in Russian literature, which psychologically accurately and very reasonably describes the change in the character of the main character under the pressure of life circumstances.

The story “The Captain's Daughter” is not called a historical chronicle for nothing. It presents not only historically significant persons, but the action itself has a documentary basis - orders, extracts, letters, which Pushkin searched with such care in the archives.

The events described take place over several years - from 1772 to 1775. The story is told on behalf of Peter Grinev, a hereditary nobleman, sincerely devoted to Empress Catherine II and his homeland, convinced of the need for autocracy. Grinev's memories (and the story is the memoirs or memories of the main character) are associated with one of the most terrible events in Russian history - the uprising of E. I. Pugachev. This is a bright and complex historical figure - at the center of the novel, all the main plot lines strive for him, almost all the heroes of the work interact with him, only few of them manage to escape alive after meeting him.

Grinev is not only a witness, but also a participant in what is happening around him. The formation of the character of an admittedly rather persistent and straightforward young nobleman is associated with a constant test of his honor and conscience. After leaving home, the young master constantly finds himself in situations of difficult moral choice, absolutely correct, despite his miserable life experience. It consisted only in the phrase said to his son at parting and included by the author in the epigraph: “Take care of your honor from a young age.”

The entire moral potential of the hero is finally revealed during a popular revolt. In just one day spent in the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev has to choose between life and death several times. The young, inexperienced nobleman, however, never commits betrayal in the name of saving his own life, unlike some heroes who are not as spiritually pure as him. But, having seen the “Russian revolt,” “senseless and merciless,” Grinev seriously thought about the fate of the Russian nobility. Peter comes to the conclusion that his fate largely depends on his attitude towards the “black people”, the ability to accept this people, if not as equal, then not devoid of originality and human dignity. From the point of view of the main character, only peaceful and humane coexistence of classes can protect and save Russia from the crisis. And this is the first impetus to undermine the ideal image of monarchy and autocracy.

Grinev’s dream is also symbolic, in which “a scary man, looking cheerfully, invites him to his blessing.” The most important, decisive and fateful moral test overtakes the hero already in Orenburg. Having received a letter from Masha, Peter must make a choice between duty and honor - to save his beloved from the besieged city, where she ended up in the hands of the scoundrel Shvabrin, or to stay in Orenburg and fulfill his duty as a soldier, knowing that the innocent girl is being tortured, and no one will be able to come to her. help. Masha’s desperate call: “You are my only patron; intercede for me, poor thing,” became decisive. Grinev the man defeated Grinev the soldier, who swore an oath to the empress. He decided to leave Orenburg, and then took advantage of Pugachev’s help.

The fates of the heroes are tragic in many ways, but the ending of the novel - the happy reunion of Masha and Peter - is bright and joyful. Pugachev, as is known from history courses, was caught and executed. Of great importance in the denouement of the novel is the image of Catherine II, who came to the aid of the lovers, condescended to become a “traitor” and took pity on the “orphan”. Only thanks to her and the reckless courage of Masha, who came to the empress in the name of saving her love, this story has a happy ending.

The concept of honor for Grinev is above all. He perceives honor as human dignity, unity of conscience and inner conviction that he is right. The protagonist’s father and the captain of the fortress, the father of Peter’s beloved, had a similar understanding of honor.

“Take care of your honor from a young age, and take care of your dress again,” says the popular proverb. What did the author want to say when he put folk wisdom in the title of his story? The fact that once you stain your conscience, you can no longer wash it off. That you should listen to the voice of your heart, but rely on your own wisdom and cold mind. The fact that every person is able to choose between honor and duty and either preserve or tarnish honor forever is the best “outfit” for anyone.

So did Grinev follow his father’s advice? Has he tarnished his name or not? Of course not, because the accusations of betrayal turned out to be imaginary. Acquaintance with Pugachev was facilitated by a completely ordinary human desire to warm up your neighbor, who shares the road with you and helps you in bad weather. And Grinev could not make a different choice, knowing that the unfortunate, innocent victim was in the hands of a traitor, and there was no salvation, no one would help her.

Honor in the novel is a measure of the humanity and decency of the characters, their morality and spiritual purity. The difference in attitude towards honor and duty sent Grinev and Shvabrin to opposite sides of the barrier. The hero's openness and sincerity led to a meeting with Pugachev, a man who was honest and pure in his own way. In any story, you can discover qualities of character that were previously unknown. Vile and base actions make any person a complete scoundrel. Everyone has a chance, even in the most difficult trials, to find a way out without sullying their honor.