Dutch winter landscapes painting paintings. Art history
On the walls of one of the halls of the Art Gallery in Berlin there are several winter landscapes of the “Little Dutchmen”. Maybe in the summer or spring I would not have lingered near these works, but after the piercing January wind with drizzling rain, from which the gallery walls protected so well, it was the winter scenes that naturally fell on my soul. Artists of the 17th century knew how to see beauty even where it was damp, chilly, and the snow only lightly dusted the road dirt and withered grass. In Art van der Neer's painting, the focus shifts to the sunset sky. The golden glow competes with the leaden clouds, its reflections enliven the ice, and following the skating people our gaze slides to the horizon:
Hanging nearby is a small canvas by Isaac van Ostade. There is also a wonderful pink sky here. But the bad weather is in earnest, people are ducking under the wind. The boats were frozen in the ice. Both of these landscapes appeared in the mid-17th century, as did the next two works by Jan van Goyen.
One of them depicts winter activities near a tavern, the other depicts ice skating on a frozen canal or lake. The artist is true to himself: he depicts the most ordinary things: a flat landscape, old gnarled trees, an ordinary tavern. People are dressed simply, most often with their backs turned to us. The first landscape is enlivened only by the blue sky peeking through the clouds.
And on the second one there is not even this - everything is in a foggy haze. It was about such canvases that Johan Huizinga wrote: “Naive devotion to the craft allows the landscape painter to discover unexpected possibilities, within which he simply follows the irresistible dexterity of his brush. The rendering of the breadth of space and diffused light did not come from any school. Individual objects are either sharply outlined or immersed in the atmosphere of the picture as a whole. Artists reach the top when they, without any thought of any great style, show only their unheard-of dexterity in depicting the everyday, in which they find treasures of beauty, hardly realizing it all.” / J. Huizinga. Dutch culture in the 17th century. Erasmus. Selected letters. Drawings. SPb., 2009, p.112/
Ice skating is an extremely common motif in 17th century Dutch painting. True, there were no paintings in Berlin by the artist who specialized in this topic - Hendrik Averkamp. Here is his painting from the collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. People at the skating rink are dressed smartly. A waving flag is visible on the left. Perhaps some kind of holiday is depicted.
http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/images/aria/sk/z/sk-a-3247.z
On this canvas, as well as on the painting from the Pushkin Museum. A.S. Pushkin, people of different classes gathered on the ice, having fun or going about their usual business. In the Moscow painting, in the foreground is a lady in a mask. How can you not think about the hidden meaning? “In the depiction of crowded scenes against the backdrop of a winter landscape, in which people of different ages and social backgrounds participate, moralistic and emblematic interpretations are already a priori assumed, in particular as the “skating rink of life”, as the gliding of people full of surprises and dangers after the ghostly and deceptive luck" / Visible image and hidden meaning. Allegories and emblems in the painting of Flanders and Holland in the second half of the 16th and 17th centuries. M., 2004, p.2/
http://files.smallbay.ru/images9/avercamp_07.jpg
Among the ice skaters, H. Averkamp portrays a dandy balancing on one leg. I came across this image at an exhibition at the Queen's Gallery in London. The exhibition was dedicated to the “Little Dutchmen”. It featured not only paintings, but also drawings. One of the best was a sketch by H. Averkamp:
But let's return to Berlin. At the end of the day, two more winter landscapes, without any entertainment. This is a canvas by Philips Wauwerman with fishermen, peasants carrying brushwood, and a shaky wooden bridge.
After seeing the Dutch winter landscape, you can’t help but think that we are luckier with winter. And in Russian art there is not only an image of winter slush by Vasiliev or Savrasov, but also sunny frosty days by Kustodiev.
On the walls of one of the halls of the Art Gallery in Berlin there are several winter landscapes of the “Little Dutchmen”. Maybe in the summer or spring I would not have lingered near these works, but after the piercing January wind with drizzling rain, from which the gallery walls protected so well, it was the winter scenes that naturally fell on my soul. Artists of the 17th century knew how to see beauty even where it was damp, chilly, and the snow only lightly dusted the road dirt and withered grass. In Art Van der Neer's painting, the focus shifts to the sunset sky. The golden glow competes with the leaden clouds, its reflections enliven the ice, and following the skating people our gaze slides to the horizon:
Hanging nearby is a small canvas by Isaac van Ostade. There is also a wonderful pink sky here. But the bad weather is in earnest, people are ducking under the wind. The boats were frozen in the ice. Both of these landscapes appeared in the mid-17th century, as did the next two works by Jan van Goyen.
One of them depicts winter activities near a tavern, the other depicts ice skating on a frozen canal or lake. The artist is true to himself: he depicts the most ordinary things: a flat landscape, old gnarled trees, an ordinary tavern. People are dressed simply, most often with their backs turned to us. The first landscape is enlivened only by the blue sky peeking through the clouds.
And on the second one there is not even this - everything is in a foggy haze. It was about such canvases that Johan Huizinga wrote: “Naive devotion to the craft allows the landscape painter to discover unexpected possibilities, within which he simply follows the irresistible dexterity of his brush. The rendering of the breadth of space and diffused light did not come from any school. Individual objects are either sharply outlined or immersed in the atmosphere of the picture as a whole. Artists reach the top when they, without any thought of any great style, show only their unheard-of dexterity in depicting the everyday, in which they find treasures of beauty, hardly realizing it all.” / J. Huizinga. Dutch culture in the 17th century. Erasmus. Selected letters. Drawings. SPb., 2009, p.112/
Ice skating is an extremely common motif in 17th century Dutch painting. True, there were no paintings in Berlin by the artist who specialized in this topic - Hendrik Averkamp. Here is his painting from the collection of the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. People at the skating rink are dressed smartly. A waving flag is visible on the left. Perhaps some kind of holiday is depicted.
http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/images/aria/sk/z/sk-a-3247.z
On this canvas, as well as on the painting from the Pushkin Museum. A.S. Pushkin, people of different classes gathered on the ice, having fun or going about their usual business. In the Moscow painting, in the foreground is a lady in a mask. How can you not think about the hidden meaning? “In the depiction of crowded scenes against the backdrop of a winter landscape, in which people of different ages and social backgrounds participate, moralistic and emblematic interpretations are already a priori assumed, in particular as the “skating rink of life”, as the gliding of people full of surprises and dangers after the ghostly and deceptive luck" / Visible image and hidden meaning. Allegories and emblems in the painting of Flanders and Holland in the second half of the 16th and 17th centuries. M., 2004, p.2/
http://files.smallbay.ru/images9/avercamp_07.jpg
Among the ice skaters, H. Averkamp portrays a dandy balancing on one leg. I came across this image at an exhibition at the Queen's Gallery in London. The exhibition was dedicated to the “Little Dutchmen”. It featured not only paintings, but also drawings. One of the best was a sketch by H. Averkamp:
But let's return to Berlin. At the end of the day, two more winter landscapes, without any entertainment. This is a canvas by Philips Wauwerman with fishermen, peasants carrying brushwood, and a shaky wooden bridge.
After seeing the Dutch winter landscape, you can’t help but think that we are luckier with winter. And in Russian art there is not only an image of winter slush by Vasiliev or Savrasov, but also sunny frosty days by Kustodiev.
The winter landscape in Western European painting reaches its highest peak in the work of Dutch masters of the 17th century.The Dutch winter landscape has become a kind of calling card of Holland.
Dutch artists no longer considered winter landscapes as part of the "Seasons" or "Months", but turned them into independent works of art.
"At this time of year, things usually went slower, and everyone had more free time. In those days and weeks when the lakes and canals were frozen, no one left their skates. Young and old, men and women, preachers, burgomasters, princes - literally everyone lived on ice.
Gliding on wooden skates with a metal blade curved at the nose, twice the length of the foot, people skated either alone, with their hands behind their backs, leaning slightly forward, or in pairs, with their hands clasped together like a pretzel.
Children and old people were carried in chairs on runners. The boys slid on the sled, pushing off with sticks.
At the edge of the skating rink, innkeepers pitched tents and lit fires. Here you could have a glass, warm your hands on the fire and return to the ice again."
(Paul Zumthor)
We suggest you choose and buy paintings Dutch winter landscape contemporary artists in our online art gallery. Details Category: Fine arts and architecture of the late 16th-18th centuries Published 02/06/2017 15:37 Views: 2589
Our article will focus on two artists: Jan van Goyen And Jacob van Ruisdael.
They both lived during the era of the liberation of Holland from foreign yoke, and this was the Golden Age of Dutch painting. It was in the art of Holland that the following genres began to develop: portrait, landscape, everyday life, still life. This was not observed then even in the outstanding centers of art - in Italy or France. Dutch art of the 17th century. became a unique phenomenon in the artistic world of Europe in the 17th century. Dutch masters paved the way for artists from other national European art schools.
Jan van Goyen (1596-1656)
Terborch "Portrait of van Goyen" (c. 1560)
Jan van Goyen is one of the first artists to depict nature naturally, simply, without embellishment. He is the creator of the national Dutch landscape. The nature of his country gave him enough subjects to last his entire life.
Jan van Goyen was born in 1596 in the city of Leiden into the family of a shoemaker.
Although Jan van Goyen spent some time in Paris in his youth, the love of simple landscape was unknown in France, so it is hardly worth talking about any influence of representatives of French painting on his work.
In his homeland he had several painting teachers, but he spent a year only in the workshop of Isaiah van de Velde, and he communicated even less with the other mentors.
Jan van Goyen "Landscape with Dunes" (1630-1635). Kunsthistorisches Museum (Vienna)
Creation
At first, Goyen painted Dutch villages or surrounding areas with their vegetation, then coastal views began to predominate in his paintings, where the sky and water occupied most of the paintings.
Jan van Goyen "View of the River" (1655). Mauritshuis (The Hague)
Trees, huts or city buildings play a secondary role in his paintings, but have a very picturesque appearance, as well as small sailing and rowing ships with figures of fishermen, helmsmen and passengers.
Goyen's paintings are mostly monotonous. The artist loved the simplicity of color, but at the same time his colors were harmonious. He applied the paint in a light layer.
Jan van Goyen "View of the Merwede near Dordrecht (c. 1645). Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam)
The artist’s later works are distinguished by an almost monochrome palette, and the translucent soil gives them special depth and unique charm.
Jan van Goyen, Landscape with Two Oaks (1641). Rijksmuseum (Amsterdam)
His paintings are pleasant precisely because of their simplicity and realism. The artist created quite a lot of artistic canvases, but his work was not always rewarded in a worthy manner. Therefore, Goyen had to earn money in other ways: he traded tulips, was involved in the assessment and sale of works of art, real estate, and land. But attempts at entrepreneurship usually did not lead to success.
Jan van Goyen "Winter Scene on Ice"
Now his work is appreciated, and any museum considers his paintings to be valuable exhibits.
Several paintings by Jan van Goyen are also in the Hermitage: “View of the river. Maas, near Dortrecht", "Scheveningen shore, near The Hague", "Winter landscape", "View of the river. Maas”, “Village view”, “Landscape with oak tree”, etc.
Jan van Goyen "Landscape with an Oak Tree"
In addition to painting, Goyen was engaged in etching (a type of engraving on metal) and drawing.
In 1632, Goyen and his family moved to The Hague, where he lived until the end of his life - until 1656.
Jacob van Ruisdael (1628/1629-1682)
Jacob Isaacs van Ruisdael was born and died in Haarlem (Netherlands). No exact portraits of him have survived. This portrait is only speculative.
Currently, Ruisdael is considered the most significant Dutch landscape artist, but during his lifetime his talent was not adequately appreciated. His teacher could have been his uncle, the artist Solomon van Ruisdael.
Ruisdael was also a practicing surgeon, working in Amsterdam.
Creation
The artist skillfully conveyed human emotions through the landscape. And for him, any component of the landscape was important: a tree branch bent by a gust of wind, a crushed blade of grass, a thundercloud, a trodden path... And all these components were harmoniously combined in his paintings into a single NATURE.
He wrote in small strokes. He loved to paint forest thickets, swamps, waterfalls, small Dutch towns or villages, and above all this - a triumphant sky. Ruisdael's landscapes are understandable to any person of any nationality, because they express the unity with nature common to all people.
Ruisdael created about 450 paintings. Other sources indicate the number 600. Most of his landscapes are dedicated to the nature of his native Netherlands, but he also painted oak forests in Germany and waterfalls in Norway.
