How and why to keep a personal diary. Examples of using the word diary in literature

It’s amazing that such a simple thing as a personal diary can simultaneously be a creative laboratory, a caring psychotherapist, a source of memories, a tool for self-development, and most importantly, a reliable shelter behind which you can be absolutely honest with others and with yourself. Even more surprising is that all these qualities are often not realized even by those who once tried to keep regular notes in their notebooks, notepads and diaries.

Keeping a diary is not fruitless soul-searching. This is not an activity intended exclusively for young girls and teenagers who need to sort out their feelings and sentimental experiences. And this is not just a prosecutorial, businesslike recording of the events that happened to you over the past day.

It is also wrong to think that journaling is only for prominent people who “have something to say.” It is true that among famous writers, scientists or artists it is difficult to find anyone who does not keep notes intended only for themselves. But even if you do not claim to be a genius, this is not a reason to abandon this useful practice. In addition, there is always the possibility that you are still a genius, and many years after your death, your heirs will receive substantial fees for the publication of your diary.

Jean-Paul Sartre

Nausea

For the most banal incident to turn into an adventure, it is necessary and sufficient to tell it.<...>Every person is always a storyteller, he lives surrounded by stories, his own and others, and sees everything that happens to him through their prism. So he tries to fit his life into the story about her.

Diaries are written to be written, read and re-read. Here are some answers to the reasonable question “what is this for?”:

to pour out on paper and realize those feelings that cannot be trusted to others;
to figure out what you want from life;
to understand how well your plans correspond to reality and whether you are moving towards their implementation correctly;
to better understand other people and learn to take their point of view into account;
to practice expressing your thoughts and learn to reason;
to recognize and change harmful thinking habits and behavioral patterns;
to develop intuitive thinking and creativity.

What to write about

Who am I?

A piece of paper that “will endure anything” is almost the only place in this world where you can be yourself. This may be said too categorically: in the end, each personality is multifaceted and needs different contexts for its realization. But the honesty and openness achievable in a diary are very rarely available to us in other areas of life.

In your diary you can reflect on your past and make plans for the future. This is a well-known exercise: try to imagine what kind of life you would like to lead in 5/10/15 years? Then relate what you are doing now to your long-term intentions. If the pictures don't add up, maybe it's time to change something. In this practice, it is the recording procedure that is useful.

If you think about the future, the gaps between dreams and reality smooth out. In the recording they appear clearly.

If you don't know what you want to do in this world, journaling can help you get closer to understanding your strengths and deeper intentions. Record in your diary what brings you joy and causes genuine interest. A person immersed in business may suddenly realize that under the business mask there has always been the soul of a poet. The diary will provide him with the opportunity to develop this particular side of his personality, without forgetting about the others.

If you have been keeping a diary for several years, rereading it will reveal your personality in dynamics. How have your priorities and values changed? What was important to you then and what remains now? This is how keeping a diary helps you see your life as a holistic, albeit incomplete, picture. The diary brings unity and length to a series of broken moments, in it “each moment carries the burden of everything that preceded and the germ of everything that follows” (Lydia Ginzburg).

Lev Tolstoy

Resurrection

I didn’t write a diary for two years and thought that I would never return to this childhood. And this was not childishness, but a conversation with oneself, with that true, divine self that lives in every person. All the time this I was sleeping, and I had no one to talk to.

With the “true self”, perhaps Lev Nikolaevich went a little too far. The diary does not remove all social masks, because this is impossible. But it helps you understand which one fits you better. Perhaps this understanding will lead to a change of masks, a change of personality. As Susan Sontag wrote in her diary, “By disguising my behavior, I am not protecting my personality - I am overcoming it”. The surest way to change something is to understand how it works. The diary does not just record what is happening around; it changes its owner. Usually for the better.

If you suffer from low self-esteem, lack of self-confidence and see only the negative in everything, journaling can help you overcome these bad thinking habits and look at the world more realistically. This is exactly how a diary is used, for example, in cognitive behavioral psychotherapy. This is not only useful, but also absolutely free (unlike visits to an analyst and antidepressants).

There has been recent scientific evidence of the benefits of journaling. Psychologists from Duke University (USA) discovered that writing down exciting events and one’s own experiences not only improves memory and well-being, but also reduces the frequency of visits to doctors.

Timothy Wilson, one of the authors of the study, writes about it this way: “Writing interventions like this can really help people start thinking positively and believing in themselves”; “Writing makes people understand everything that bothers them and find new meaning in it.”

People prone to self-flagellation usually ignore praise, but react extremely sharply to any critical remarks. If you keep track of times when you were praised, either explicitly or implicitly, you may be surprised to learn that others don't treat you as badly as you thought. When you are depressed after another failure, re-read the notes about joyful events and situations when you showed your best side.

After this, it will become much easier to believe that the world is not so bad and hopeless, and all difficulties are surmountable.

As one of the Buddhist thinkers said, the “I” given in reflection is not the true “I”, it is constructed by the mind. But it is a mistake to think that this “I” can be found somewhere else. To believe that a real person does not reflect, but commits actions, is at least naive and unfair: you need to do both.

How do I treat other people?

The constant heroes of the diary are not only ourselves, but also our loved ones. Some people keep a diary solely to vent their resentment, anger, feelings of loneliness, abandonment and misunderstanding that haunt them in their relationships with others. And here you can figure out how this relationship works: why do you repeat the same mistakes? What do you expect from your loved ones and how justified are these expectations?

You can take notes in the format of an “unsent letter”, expressing fully what you cannot say in real communication. You can try to take the position of another person and write a monologue on his behalf: how does he see the current situation? maybe you are missing something and from his point of view everything looks completely different? Such exercises help develop empathy and the ability to see the world as a multidimensional space of choice and assessment, in which everyone is right in their own way.

A diary will not replace live communication and real relationships. As Theodor Adorno wrote, “we do not become free people because we ourselves, as the terrible saying goes, we will implement each alone, but due to the fact that we go beyond our own limits, we enter into relationships with other people and, in a sense, abandon ourselves in them.” For self-development, it is not enough to create a safe platform for yourself where you can “water and grow yourself like flowers” - this requires other people and real actions. But a journal will help you understand what you want from them, what is really important to you.

If you can give yourself an honest answer to these questions, then building relationships with other people will become much easier.

An example of using a diary to solve personal dilemmas can be found in the biography of Charles Darwin. When it comes to marriage, he, with the meticulousness of a naturalist, writes out the disadvantages (“an endless variety of troubles and expenses ... disputes due to lack of society - morning visits - a daily waste of time”) and the advantages of this enterprise (“it is impossible to lead a life alone, without participation, without children... Don't be discouraged, trust in chance - look around closely - there are many happy slaves"). And in the end he makes a decision: he definitely needs to get married.

Diary as an intellectual and creative laboratory

A diary can become a place where vague thoughts and experiences are melted into precise formulations and artistic images. You don't have to be a professional writer or artist to think and imagine. Creative abilities are not class privileges. They are accessible to anyone, but not everyone uses the entrance. A personal diary is exactly the place where you can think and fantasize as much as you like and not be afraid that someone will judge you for your naivety and graphomania.

Write down in your journal thoughts and ideas from books you read that resonated with you. Make reference lists. Create verbal portraits of people and thinkers close to you. Make sketches. Make up. Paste in photographs and magazine clippings. Make collages. Write down your dreams (the list goes on and on).

Pablo Picasso

Spanish artist, sculptor and designer, founder of Cubism

Painting is just another way of journaling.

The diary assumes complete freedom of expression: here you can do whatever you want. But over time, you will realize that certain forms of expression come easier to you than others.

The personal diary as a form of writing appears to have first appeared in Japan. The diaries of Japanese court ladies and poets, recorded in the 10th-11th centuries, have reached us, where prose easily flows into poetry. Some fragments from these diaries may also touch the modern reader:

“If only my thoughts were the same as others... I could find more joy, I would feel less old and I would observe this transitory life with peace.<...>When dawn broke, I looked outside and saw ducks swimming serenely in the lake.

Ducks in the lake -
Can I look at them?
Indifferent?
Crossing the stormy waters
Sad world and me.

The birds looked so serene, but they, too, must often suffer, I thought” (Murasaki-shikibu. Diary. XXIII. 13th day of the 10th moon).

As writer Tristina Rainer points out in her book The New Diary, the diary form corresponds to all four basic mechanisms of human perception, which include emotion, sensation, intuition and intellect. Try to develop each of these qualities, avoid monotony. And then, quite possibly, the diary will become fertile ground for you to develop ideas that will go beyond its boundaries and find embodiment in real creative projects.

Five rules for keeping a diary

1. Write honestly.

As honest as possible. Even in entries that no one except you will see, you will be embarrassed or ashamed to write about some things. It’s worth taking a closer look at where this awkwardness arises, where you yourself are hiding the truth from yourself. No one deceives a person as often and successfully as he himself. But it is much easier to recognize the sources and causes of self-deception in a diary than in mental reasoning.

2. Contain your inner censor and critic.

We not only hide the truth from ourselves, but also strive to present our sincere experiences in an unattractive way. This role is played by the internal censor - the embodiment of the Freudian “super-ego”, that is, internalized social attitudes and ideas about “how it should be.” He is accompanied by an inner critic, for whom subtle artistic taste and depth of reasoning are more important than sincerity. To get rid of these annoying creatures, try writing in stream-of-consciousness mode. Write down everything that comes to your mind: images, experiences, vague sensations and memories.

Reflection is useful, but it is far from the only way to understand what is happening to you and your life.

3. Write for yourself.

We are accustomed to the fact that any message is intended for some addressee. But a personal diary should not be aimed at the public (this, by the way, is one of the many differences between a diary and a blog). If you write for an audience, no matter how narrow, your inner censor and critic will mercilessly edit your message. Better try to write for yourself. Perhaps a good recipient would be your future self reading the diary in a few years.

4. Pay attention to detail.

So that you can then recall past events in your memory, try to record the details and shades of what is happening. If you simply write “it was bad,” it will tell you much less than “I’m lying here on the sofa, thrown out of the world with one kick, lying in wait for a dream that doesn’t want to come, and if it comes, it will only touch me, my joints hurt from fatigue, my thin body is exhausted by a trembling of excitement, the meaning of which it does not dare to clearly understand, pounding in my temples” (quote from the diary of Franz Kafka).

5. Use paper and ink.

This is a recommendation here not because of inertia and retrogradeness. When you take notes by hand, your handwriting can say as much about your feelings as the words themselves. In addition, you can carry a paper notebook with you everywhere, unlike a laptop (and taking notes on a smartphone is not very convenient). Sometimes just feeling the rough surface of the paper notebook in which you write in your hands is enough to feel a sense of confidence and security. By the way, it is better to use notebooks with blank sheets rather than lined diaries. The main thing is to choose writing accessories so that keeping a diary gives you pleasure.

Some people believe that journal entries should be written daily. It seems to me that this is not at all necessary.

It is better to write when there is a desire or need to understand something, so that keeping a diary does not turn into another boring “must”. But at first, before a habit has formed, you will have to force yourself to open a notebook and write at least something. But if the first words are found, the rest will be found.

Do not forget that each diary is a reflection of the personality of its owner (even if incomplete and distorted). Therefore, these recommendations are somewhat general in nature. But even they should not be taken too literally. What works for the conventional Leo Tolstoy may be completely useless for you. The individual style of keeping a diary develops over the years and changes over time. But to understand how a diary can benefit you, you first need to start one.

This is a diary periodically updated text consisting of fragments with a specified date for each entry. Usually this or that work in the form of diary entries belongs to one of the well-known genres (novel, story, reportage), and the “diary” only gives it additional specificity. The diary form of recording is characterized by a number of features that can be implemented to a greater or lesser extent in each diary:

frequency, regularity of recording;
connection of records with current, and not with long-past events and moods;
the spontaneous nature of the recordings (too little time has passed between the events and the recording, the consequences have not yet manifested themselves, and the author is not able to assess the degree of significance of what happened);
literary lack of processing of records;
the addresslessness or uncertainty of the addressee of many diaries;
intimate and therefore sincere, private and honest nature of the recordings.

Outside of fiction, a diary usually gravitates toward either an official document (a “documentary” diary) or a private entry (a so-called “everyday” diary). In both cases, the diary satisfies the human need for observation and is determined by the need to record current changes, which is associated with the emergence of various scientific diaries, protocols, medical histories, ship logs, school diaries, court duty diaries - Camerfour ceremonial journals. In ancient literature, since the time of Plato, so-called hypomnemes have been known - various kinds of protocols of a private and official nature. At the courts of eastern and late Hellenistic monarchs, for example, at the headquarters of Alexander the Great, reports on current events were kept - ephemerides (possibly for propaganda purposes; their reliability in modern times has been questioned). Documentary diaries are of significant interest to the historian. In “everyday” diaries, the writer is also an observer, but he monitors himself more, the changes in the circumstances of his private life, his inner world. “Everyday” diaries became widespread in the era of sentimentalism, when interest in private life, and especially in the area of feelings, was very high. “Everyday” diaries can be of significant value if the writer was famous or participated in the political life of the country (“Diary of a member of the State Duma Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich”, 1916), communicated with interesting people (E. A. Stackenschneider “Diary and Notes”, 1854 -86). Diaries become not only historical, but also aesthetic value if the writer has literary talent (“The Diary of Maria Bashkirtseva”, 1887; “The Diary of Anne Frank”, 1942-44).

Texts recorded “day by day” are closely related in various respects to a wide range of diverse forms of documentary. Like a memoir diaries tell about events that actually took place in the past external and internal life. As in an autobiography, in a diary the writer talks mainly about himself and his immediate environment and is also prone to introspection. Like a confession, a diary often speaks of a secret hidden from prying eyes, but a confession, unlike a diary, memoirs and autobiographies, is devoid of a chronologically sequential narrative unfolding. And in memoirs, and in autobiographies, and in confessions, unlike diaries, the text is carefully structured, and only the essential is selected from all the information. In this respect, the diary is closer to letters, especially to regular correspondence, where current information is also reported, material is not selected and news is recorded “hot on the heels.” The closeness of correspondence and diaries is clearly visible in the “Diary for Stella” (1710-13) by J. Swift and in the “Diary for Eliza” (1767) by L. Sterne. The first was written twice a day (although mail was sent much less frequently), the letters included questions that were meaningless in ordinary correspondence (“What do you think, should I wear a camisole today?”). They are reminiscent of diaries written in the form of letters “The Sorrows of Young Werther” (1774) by J.V. Goethe: Werther has little interest in his correspondent Wilhelm, whose answers have almost no effect on the nature of Werther’s letters. Diaries and travel literature have something in common: constantly moving, unable to comprehend what is happening, the traveler, like the diary author, grasps events on the fly and writes down, without separating the important from the random. The traveler usually designates the place where the food was eaten, the record was made; if the date of entry is indicated on the journey, then it is already difficult to distinguish it from a diary.

Telling about events in chronological order and recording any change, regardless of its significance, a diary is similar to a chronicle, but the time of recording is indicated more precisely (days, not years), and the range of events covered is limited. The diary reveals a certain kinship with periodicals, which also follow events, but are intended for public reading and lack intimacy. Often creative people call their notebooks a diary. Thus, Jules Renard’s “Diary” is characterized by artistic images, and only dates allow one to read unrelated entries as diary entries. The features of the diary (confessional nature, recording of “little things”, introspection, exact date) can be traced in the works of many poets (M.Yu. Lermontov, N.A. Nekrasov, A. Akhmatova, A.A. Blok). “The Diary of a Writer” by F.M. Dostoevsky becomes a periodical; a subscription is announced for it. At the same time, Dostoevsky does not write about everything that worries him, but only about what, in his opinion, is of public interest. Sometimes the timing of a diary entry to a certain date, the frequency of entries, turns out to be a constructive moment in the narrative. In “Notes of a Madman” by N.V. Gogol, constructed entirely in the form of a diary, the counting and order of days gradually eludes the writer. But usually the date is not that important. The meaning of “Pechorin’s Journal” in Lermontov’s “Hero of Our Time” (1840) will change little if all the dates are removed.

Inga Mayakovskaya

Reading time: 4 minutes

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Why keep a diary? Keeping a diary helps you understand yourself, your desires and feelings. When a huge amount of thoughts accumulate and are in disarray, it is better to “throw them out” on paper. In the process of keeping a diary, remembering and describing this or that situation, you begin to analyze your actions, think about whether you acted correctly under the given circumstances, and draw conclusions.

If these thoughts are related to work, then most women write them down briefly - in abstracts and record them in a diary.

Why do you need a personal diary?

For a woman who finds it difficult to keep all her experiences to herself, you just need to keep a personal diary , where you can describe absolutely everything: your thoughts about your colleagues, how you feel about your recently persistent boyfriend, what doesn’t suit you about your husband, thoughts about children and much more.

Yes, of course, you can tell all this to a close friend, but it’s not a fact that the information she receives will remain only between you. A personal diary will endure everything and won't tell anyone anything , unless, of course, it is inaccessible to others. Therefore, it is better to keep it electronically. , and, of course, set passwords.

Usually a personal diary is started girls are still in puberty when the first relationship with the opposite sex arises. There they describe experiences about first love, as well as relationships with parents and peers. Personal diary you can trust your deepest thoughts and desires , because he will never make public the secrets of its author.

What is a diary for anyway? What does it give? At the moment of an emotional outburst, you transfer your emotions into a diary (paper or electronic). Then, over time, after reading the lines from the diary, you remember those emotions and feelings, and you see the situation from a completely different perspective .

The diary takes us back to the past, makes us think about the present and avoids mistakes in the future. .

For example, a pregnant woman keeps a diary and writes down her experiences, sensations and feelings, and then, when her daughter is pregnant, she will share her notes with her.

To see changes in your thoughts day by day, the diary needs a chronology . Therefore, it is better to put the day, month, year and time with each entry.

What are the benefits of keeping a personal diary?

The benefits of keeping a diary are obvious. Describing events, remembering details, you develop your memory. By writing down daily events and then analyzing them, you develop the habit of remembering details of episodes that you previously did not pay any attention to;
The ability to structure your thoughts appears. And also choose the right words for certain emotions and feelings that arise when reproducing the described situation;
You can write down your wishes in a diary., goals, and also identify ways to achieve them;
Reading the events described in the diary will help you understand yourself, in their internal conflicts. It's a kind of psychotherapy;
By writing down your victories from any area of life (business, personal) in your diary, you you can later draw energy, rereading the lines. You will remember what you are capable of and the thought will flash through your head: “Yes, I - wow! I can’t even do that.”
In the future, it will revive emotions and memories of long-forgotten events. Imagine how in 10 - 20 years you will open your diary, and how pleasant it will be to plunge into the past and remember the pleasant moments of life.

Briefly answer the question: why keep a diary? - you can answer like this: to become better, wiser and make fewer mistakes in the future.

Every day a person has to wear masks: a strict teacher, but a kind father; an insecure middle manager by day, but a great stand-up comedian by night. It is very easy to get confused in your personalities. Self-knowledge is considered an excellent way of psychotherapy, and one of its powerful tools is a personal diary. Conducting it will help you recognize your strengths and weaknesses, avoid repeating past mistakes, and learn to express your thoughts.

What is a personal diary?

A personal diary is a way of expressing one’s thoughts, helping to convey events occurring in a person’s life, giving them an emotional overtones, analyzing them, and drawing conclusions. It is created on paper or electronically. Some psychologists recommend conducting it by hand, but in the age of electronic technology this does not matter, the main thing is that the person is comfortable.

It is not necessary to make notes every day, but it is advisable to write down all important events, triumphs and defeats, experiences and joys, even minor ones. Keeping a personal diary is at the same time a confession, a session,.

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Why do you need a personal diary?

1. Memory games.

2. A dump for negative emotions.

There is a useful psychological technique. You need to write down by hand everything that angers, upsets, spoils, and prevents you from moving forward. And then tear, crumple, throw away, burn or destroy the sheet in any other way. This is how a person frees himself from negativity. The diary has almost the same function, with only one difference: you shouldn’t destroy it.

Most often, after throwing out emotions on paper, even electronic, relief comes. It is not always appropriate to express your point of view to the offenders’ faces. This most often happens with bosses, partners, and clients. The diary will bear everything.

3. Getting to know yourself.

Sometimes a person does not fully know himself. It’s not for nothing that Fyodor Dostoevsky wrote: “The main thing is, don’t lie to yourself.” On the pages of the diary you can be yourself - weak, nasty, evil,... The more honest the better. At first it will be difficult, because this can lead to disappointment in yourself, your goodness, your correctness. What is written can be scary.

For example, hatred of parents, envy of your best friend. But you absolutely must do this, because this is the only way to see your shortcomings and correct them. You also need to praise yourself! This helps to discover hidden abilities.

4. Your own psychologist.

They go to psychologists to sort out their problems. But the therapist never gives answers; he helps the person ask himself the right questions and answer them on his own. The diary does the same thing, only the person himself acts as a psychologist.

Having dealt with the previous point and getting to know yourself, you can begin to analyze. What exactly causes anger, why does it happen, at what moments, what becomes the catalyst? This will allow you to get to the bottom of the true source of the negativity.

It is also worth looking at the positive aspects. What does victory taste like, what feelings does it evoke, what does it push you towards? What causes a good mood, what brings? Sources need to be cherished and maintained in “working” condition.

5. Goal achiever.

6. Protector from old rakes.

Not all people are able to learn from mistakes. But if it does, it will be much easier. Life is designed in such a way that events repeat themselves. We can say that this is how the Universe checks how much a person has learned a lesson in the past, and how he will behave now.

For example, a girl complains that she constantly comes across guys of the same type. If she already has experience with them, she knows what to expect from them. Yes, and besides, she was smart and kept a diary all this time; it wouldn’t be difficult for her to analyze the recorded experience and do everything differently in a new relationship. First, it may turn out that it is not always about the “bad guy.” Secondly, it will help you not to get involved in an initially failed relationship.

7. Future memoirs.

It doesn’t matter at all whether the recordings become public or remain a hidden secret forever. Writing a diary will help you learn to structure your thoughts and express them correctly. To do this, you need to periodically re-read the diary, you can even make editorial changes to it, the main thing is not to change the essence of what was written, because the value of thoughts lies in their relevance at the time of writing.

8. Back to the past.

Sometimes it’s very nice to plunge into memories and read old entries with a smile. You may be surprised to notice dramatic changes in your personality, and simply feel nostalgic, re-experiencing the emotions that you experienced in the past.

A personal diary will become an assistant, friend, psychologist. This is a secret door to the world. It needs to be carried out, only in this case it will be beneficial.

The section is very easy to use. Just enter the desired word in the field provided, and we will give you a list of its meanings. I would like to note that our site provides data from various sources - encyclopedic, explanatory, word-formation dictionaries. Here you can also see examples of the use of the word you entered.

Meaning of the word diary

diary in the crossword dictionary

diary

Dictionary of medical terms

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. D.N. Ushakov

diary

diary, m.

Notes of a personal nature, kept from day to day (book). Keep a diary.

Daily records of scientific observations made during expeditions and research.

Names of various types of periodicals (book lit.). Diary of the Society of Doctors. Writer's Diary.

A book in which official transactions performed during the day are recorded; magazine (stationery).

Student notebook for recording assigned lessons and for marking successes (pre-revolutionary).

Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. S.I.Ozhegov, N.Yu.Shvedova.

diary

Records of daily activities and current events are kept day after day. News from D. D. expedition.

A student notebook for recording assigned lessons and for taking notes on academic performance and behavior.

adj. diary, -aya, -oe (to 1 value).

New explanatory dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova.

diary

A notebook for recording lessons assigned to a student at home and grading.

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

diary

records of a personal, scientific, social nature, kept day after day. As a literary form, it opens up specific possibilities for depicting the inner world of a character (“Notes of a Madman” by N.V. Gogol) or an author (“Not a Day Without a Line” by Yu. K. Olesha); distributed from con. 18th century (literature of pre-romanticism).

Diary

daily records of one person or group, kept synchronously with the events of their life (cf. Memoirs). An external, but more obligatory sign of D. than others is the designation of dates. Real records (first widely used in England in the 17th century) can be considered as a kind of historical, historical-biographical, or historical-cultural documents: for example, the ship's record of the navigator J. Cook, the lyceum record of the Decembrist V.K. Kuchelbecker, censor A. V. Nikitenko, publicist A. S. Suvorin, numerous literary works (W. Scott, Stendhal, the Goncourt brothers, T. G. Shevchenko, L. N. Tolstoy, etc.).

D. can also act as a form of artistic storytelling. In Russian and European literature of the 18th century. sentimentalism, which aroused interest in the inner world of the individual, cultivates sentimentality as a form of “introspection”; “Sentimental Journey” by L. Stern, “Letters of a Russian Traveler” by N. M. Karamzin were designed as travel documents. In the 19th century. writers convey the diary form of narration to a fictional character for the sake of an in-depth study of the “history of the human soul” (M. Yu. Lermontov); for example, “Pechorin’s Journal” in “Hero of Our Time.” At the same time, the possibility of stylization and complex speech play arises, associated with the increasing separation of the author from the character (“Notes of a Madman” by N.V. Gogol). Realists of the 19th century resort to genre varieties close to literary works - “notes” (“The History of Yesterday” by L. N. Tolstoy), “letters” (“Poor People” by F. M. Dostoevsky), “confession” (Hippolyte’s notebook in the novel Dostoevsky "The Idiot"). Examples of the use of the form of D. in Soviet literature: “The Diary of Kostya Ryabtsev” by N. Ognev, “The Village Diary” by E. Dorosh.

The middle place between D. as a document and D. as a literary genre is occupied by writers' D., intended in advance for publication ("Diary" by J. Renard, "Fallen Leaves" by V. V. Rozanov, "Not a Day Without a Line" by Yu. K. Olesha and others); autobiography is deliberately combined in them with a breadth of observation and reflection. Dostoevsky’s “Diary of a Writer” (70s of the 19th century), addressed to the modern reader, is an example of the use of the D. form in the field of artistic journalism. Sometimes the works of “private individuals” acquire artistic interest due to their sincerity and truthfulness (“The Diary of Anne Frank”, “The Diary of Nina Kosterina”).

I. B. Voskresenskaya.

Wikipedia

Diary (disambiguation)

Diary :

A diary is daily records of one person or group, kept synchronously with the events of their life.
A school diary is a journal in which a student's school grades are recorded.
Training diary - records of athletes that allow you to track progressions in loads (powerlifting), muscle mass (bodybuilding) or adaptation, analyze and create more effective training taking into account your physiology and training.

Diary

Diary- a set of fragmentary records that are made for oneself, kept regularly and most often accompanied by a date. Such records organize individual experience and, as a written genre, accompany the formation of individuality in culture, the formation of “I” - in parallel with them, the forms of memoirs and autobiography develop.

Diary (newspaper, Skopje)

"Diary"- daily newspaper in the Republic of Macedonia.

The newspaper was founded by Mile Jovanovski, Branislav Gjeroski and Alexander Damowski. The newspaper is published daily, except Sunday. The first issue of the Diary was published on March 20, 1996.

The newspaper's circulation is 25 thousand copies (2015), editor-in-chief is Sasho Kokalanov.

The newspaper's Antenna supplement is published on Fridays, and the Weekend supplement on Saturdays.

Diary (novel)

"Diary"(2003, English) Diary ) is a novel by Chuck Palahniuk. The plot revolves around Misty Wilmot, a promising young artist who drinks heavily and works as a hotel waitress. Her husband, a contractor, is in a coma after a suicide attempt, and his clients are threatening Misty with lawsuits over a series of disgusting messages she discovered on the walls of the houses her husband remodeled. Suddenly Misty's artistic talent returns. Baffled by a surge of inspiration, she soon discovers that she is a pawn in a larger conspiracy that threatens hundreds of lives. "The Diary" hardly fits the definition of the genre of modern horror books, preferring psychological tricks with fear and dark humor, and almost no use of violence and shock tactics as a means of influencing the reader.

Examples of the use of the word diary in literature.

Anna Pavlovna sat next to Samokhin and wrote down a message in a thick blue notebook - emergency diary.

Of course, memories diaries, confessions are autobiographical in genre and in essence, but Grigoriev’s ordinary stories also have a deeply personal, autobiographical character.

But I had no idea that it would turn out not only an autobiography, but also diary.

Besides, diary was an impeccably drawn up routine of life, and the Autocrat never deviated from it one iota.

IN diary the entrepreneur of this troupe, Philip Henslowe, starting in 1591, the production of Marlowe's play was mentioned for the first time on September 30, 1594, i.e.

Antoine writes the name of Jean-Paul in his diary, having already injected himself with morphine.

When Richard had finished, Arnold said: “Are you sure that Sarah diary haven't you read it?

Published fragments diaries did not in any way violate the already established image of an ascetic, learned eccentric who lived a modest and calm life.

“I have a great many duplicates and freaks,” the graduate student continued reading diary.

The find discovered in the Atacama Desert was something like diary, which was led by one of the aliens.

From diary Andre found out that on the third day of the flight, due to icing of the valve and shell, the balloon became so heavy that the lifting force was insufficient.

Despite the indecent treatment diaries, it was possible to reconstruct several love poems addressed to the popular film singer, whom Babur Shakil had never even seen. Poorly rhymed lines, expressing fiery love for the inaccessible beauty, praised her angelic voice; nearby, not very out of place, there was already a verse white, distinctly pornographic.

Taking refuge in the Inconceivable Mountains, Babur began to grow a beard, studied the ingenious structure of mountain clan communities, wrote poetry, rested between raids - now to military posts, now to the railway, now to reservoirs - and, since an isolated life dictated its conditions , could reason in his own diary about the virtues of copulation with sheep and goats.

In the early diaries Olga Berggolts mentions him quite often - both how he strictly monitors their studies and how he goes out with them - 21.

This is what Olga Berggolts wrote about her father in the late 50s, that is, about 30 years after the real events she noted in diary those years.