Garshin signal is the main idea of ​​the work. Brief description of Semyon from the story signal Garshin

Lesson equipment: portrait of V. Garshin; writers' statements.

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

• provide brief biographical information about the writer;
• reveal the content of the problem of revenge and betrayal in the story.

Educational: cultivate a responsible attitude towards people.

Educational: develop the communicative and linguistic competence of students, the skills of selective work with literary text, and develop imaginative and creative thinking.

• "Betrayals are committedmost often not due to deliberate intention, but due to weakness of character.” Francois La Rochefoucauld
• "The sweetest revenge is forgiveness." Israel Friedman

During the classes

1. Introductory speech by the teacher.

I invite you to a conversation about BETRAYAL and REVENGE, about heroism and its place in a person’s life. These are very serious questions. Let's try to understand them using the example of Vsevolod Garshin's story "Signal".

2. Setting lesson goals.

What goal will we set for ourselves?

What problems need to be solved?

3. Student’s message about V. Garshin.

Vsevolod Garshin is a Russian writer. Very early I became interested in adult questions about the meaning of life. He was a thoughtful, inquisitive and lively person, very kind and fair to people (according to the recollections of his contemporaries). Vsevolod Garshin is a man of difficult fate: he participated in the Russian-Turkish War (1877) as a private in an infantry regiment. At the end of the war he was promoted to officer. All his works are imbued with the idea of ​​the struggle for personal freedom and the destruction of inequality between people. He loved his homeland passionately. In the story "Signal" the writer raises issues of betrayal and revenge and talks about the feat of a common man.

4. Preparing students for work at the main stage.

Read the statements of famous writers (on the board).

How do you understand these words? Do you agree with the writers' opinions?

Are the concepts of BETRAYAL and REVENGE the same?

5. Distribution of tasks into groups.

What life views did Semyon and Vasily have? Compare - present in the table.

What was Vasily dissatisfied with? Who is he angry with? (Prove with text)

CONFLICT - in the work between whom does it arise?

Reading an excerpt (Vasily went to complain to Moscow). What character traits of Vasily appear when he quarrels with his boss? Who is right in this debate?

Reading an excerpt (Vasily’s actions on the railway tracks).

Was Vasily’s act despair, betrayal or revenge?

Did Vasily want people to suffer? What influenced Vasily’s return to the place of his action?

Each group draws up its reflections on sheets of paper in the form of a supporting summary.

6. Discussion of important episodes of the story in revealing the main problems of the work.

Participants in each group (one at a time) present their thoughts on the proposed questions.

On the central board, a movement schedule is drawn up, the development of the main conflict in the work. The different participants in this conflict and their characteristics are shown.

The characters of the main characters of the story and their worldview are different.

Vasily is angry with people, hot-tempered (he almost beat his boss to death). He doesn’t want to put up with it and remain silent: “How can you live on such a salary? You need to look for the truth and complain about these bosses, don’t be silent!”

Semyon loves people, is patient with them: “We must endure what God sends, we will accept.”

But at the decisive climax (when Semyon, bleeding, held the rescue flag on the railway tracks, and the approaching train was getting closer and closer), Vasily decides to return, he helped Semyon hold the flag.

So, the heroes do the same! This is what we see in our chart.

What influenced Vasily’s return to the place of his action?

Did Vasily want people to suffer?

7. Conclusions:

We traced how the conflict between the boss and Vasily arose and how it developed. Any conflicts between people are dangerous because their development and consequences can affect not only the participants in the conflict, but also those who did not take part in them. Semyon is not a participant in the conflict, but suffered!

And in our life - do you know of cases when people who were not involved in the conflicts themselves suffered?

What is a feat?

Can Semyon's action be called a feat? And what about Vasily’s action?

What is the lesson from this story?

I would be glad if this lesson helps you take a different, more careful look at relationships with girlfriends and friends, and think about the true meaning of forgiveness in a person’s life.

8. Organizing homework.

Write a creative work on the topic “Where does betrayal begin?”

The railway watchman Semyon saw the rails damaged by his envious neighbor Vasily, and an approaching train in the distance. Semyon decided to warn the driver. He inflicted a deep wound on himself, moistened a rag with blood and raised the flag. However, from loss of blood, Semyon fell and lost consciousness. The train driver, seeing a red signal ahead, stopped the train. The people who got off the train were amazed: a bloody Semyon was lying on the rails, and Vasily was holding a red rag next to him and repeating his confession of guilt.

Detailed retelling

Ivanov Semyon worked as a security guard on the railway. After returning from the war against the Turks, Semyon could not find work for a long time. The only son died. He and his wife had to move to new lands and look for a good life. During his wanderings, Semyon met an officer with whom he served together. The officer was in charge of the railway station, and he assigned Semyon to his job as a watchman. They allocated Ivanov a trailer, and he and his wife began to settle in. They planted a vegetable garden and organized the farm. Semyon liked this work; his section of the route was always in perfect order.

Ivanov became friends with his neighbor, his name was Vasily. He constantly blamed all his bosses for his misfortunes and believed that they were profiting from his labors. Vasily was overwhelmed with feelings of hatred towards people. Semyon endured all the hardships steadfastly and courageously, believing that everything was God’s will. Semyon was the complete opposite of his neighbor.

Vasily had disagreements with the local road foreman. Vasily planted a vegetable garden on his property without permission or relevant documents. The master did not like this, he ordered the garden to be destroyed. The men got into a fight. Vasily complained to the chief about the foreman, but he scolded the watchman and refused the complaint. An inspection arrived at the station. Semyon was fine at the station, but Vasily received a reprimand. Then Vasily decided to go to the capital, seek advice from the local leadership, from higher authorities. He returned from Moscow a few days later, having achieved nothing. Vasily became even more embittered.

One day Semyon went into the forest to trim some willow branches. He made pipes from them, and then sold them at the local market, at least some extra penny for the house. On the way back, he heard a metallic grinding noise at the station, the watchman thought that someone was plundering the road, coming closer, Semyon saw Vasily using a crowbar, destroying the railway tracks. The neighbor moved the rail, and, noticing Semyon, disappeared into the forest.

Semyon knew that a passenger train was about to leave. I tried to return the rail to its place with my bare hands, but it didn’t work, I needed a tool. You won't have time to run far to the station, the train will derail. He shouted to his neighbor Vasily, but he didn’t come. The whistle of an approaching train sounded. Semyon was afraid there would be an accident. It would be necessary to signal the driver to brake, but there is nothing to do. Then Semyon took off his hat, took out a white handkerchief, wounded his hand with the tip of a knife, soaked the handkerchief in blood and waved at the train. The watchman asks God to help him with this. The man feels sick, he loses consciousness, but he thinks about one thing, if only the driver sees the signal. Semyon fell, and someone’s hand grabbed his handkerchief and waved it. The driver saw the signal and stopped the train. People came running, a man was lying on the tracks covered in blood, and Vasily was standing next to him with a handkerchief. Arrest me, Vasily said, it was I who caused the accident.

This work is about the great courage of an ordinary person, he was not afraid to sacrifice his health, risk his life, so that other people could live. The story teaches decency and courage.

Picture or drawing Signal

Other retellings for the reader's diary

• Summary of Chekhov The Cherry Orchard briefly and by action

  The events of the play take place in the spring of 1904. Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya with her daughter, maid and footman return to their homeland

Semyon Ivanov serves as a watchman on the railway. He is an experienced man, but not very successful. Nine years ago, in 1878, I went to war and fought with the Turks. He was not wounded, but lost his health.

He returned to his native village - the farm did not work out, his little son died, and he and his wife went to new places to seek happiness. Not found.

Semyon met a former officer of his regiment during his wanderings. He recognized Semyon, sympathized and found him a job at the railway station, over which he was in charge.

Semyon received a new hut, as much firewood as you wanted, a vegetable garden, a salary - and he and his wife began to set up housekeeping. The work was not a burden to Semyon, and he kept his entire section of the journey in order.

Semyon also met his neighbor Vasily, who was looking after the adjacent plot. When they met on rounds, they began to talk.

Semyon endures all his troubles and failures stoically: “God did not give him happiness.” Vasily believes that his life is so poor because others profit from his work - rich people and bosses, all of them are bloodsuckers and flayers, and he hates all of them fiercely.

Meanwhile, an important audit arrives from St. Petersburg. Semyon put everything in order in his area ahead of time, and he was praised. But at Vasily’s site everything turned out differently. He had been in a quarrel with the road foreman for a long time. According to the rules, it was necessary to ask this master for permission to plant a vegetable garden, but Vasily neglected it and planted cabbage without permission - he ordered it to be dug up. Vasily got angry and decided to complain about the master to the big boss. Not only did he not accept the complaint, but he yelled at Vasily and hit him in the face.

Vasily threw the booth at his wife - and went to Moscow to seek justice, now against this boss. Yes, apparently I didn’t find it. Four days passed, Semyon met Vasily’s wife on a round, her face was swollen from tears, and she did not want to talk to Semyon.

Just at this time, Semyon went into the forest to cut the willow grass: he made pipes out of it for sale. While returning, near the railway embankment I heard strange sounds - as if iron was clanking on iron. He crept closer and saw: Vasily had tampered with the rail with a crowbar and had torn up the track. I saw Semyon and ran away.

Semyon stands over the torn rail and doesn’t know what to do. You can't put it in place with your bare hands. Vasily has the key and crowbar - but no matter how much Semyon called him to come back, he didn’t come back. A passenger train should be leaving soon.

“It’s at this curve that he’ll get off the rail,” Semyon thinks, “and the embankment is high, eleven fathoms, the carriages will fall down, and there will be small children...” Semyon started to run to the hut for the tool, but realized that he wouldn’t have time . I ran back - I could already hear the distant whistle - the train was coming soon.

Then a light seemed to illuminate his head. Semyon took off his hat, took out a scarf from it, crossed himself, stabbed himself in the right hand with a knife above the elbow, and a stream of blood sprayed out. He soaked his handkerchief in it, put it on a stick (the waistcoat that he brought from the forest came in handy) - and raised a red flag - a signal to the driver that he needed to stop the train.

But, apparently, Semyon wounded his hand too deeply - the blood is gushing without stopping, his eyes are getting dark and there is only one thought in his head: “Help, Lord, send a shift.”

Semyon could not stand it and lost consciousness, fell to the ground, but the flag did not fall - his other hand grabbed it and raised it high towards the train. The driver manages to brake, people jump out onto the embankment and see a man covered in blood, lying unconscious, and next to another, with a bloody rag in his hand...

This is Vasily. He looks around at those gathered and says: “Tie me up, I turned away the rail.”

V.M.Garshin *Signal* main thought URGENT! PLEASE!

Answers:

There is no love story in the story “The Signal” (1887), but the noted motif appears even more sharply in it. The heroes of the story do not paint pictures, do not discuss philosophical problems and cannot determine the fate of humanity. They are small people who live by small interests: a patch of cabbage, a salary, oppression from their superiors - their interests do not go further. But in their conversations about these subjects, Semyon and Vasily pose the same question as Gelfreich, who created his painting about Ilya Muromets. In his youth, Semyon was at war, served as an orderly and could not perform any remarkable feats that could determine the outcome of the battle due to his position. But for Garshin, Semyon is a man of great soul, and his feat lies in the fact that he did not become embittered towards life and people, although he had every reason for this. True, passivity and fatalism are clearly noticeable in his attitude to life. These are the traits that irritate his interlocutor Vasily. “It’s not talent-fate,” Vasily objects to Semyon, “that is eating away at you and me forever, but people. There is no beast in the world more predatory and evil than man.” Vasily’s position is that of a person who does not want to submit to fate and therefore enters into a struggle with people and circumstances. But for Garshin, the laws of struggle have their own harsh dialectics: an embittered person who has lost faith in people, even in his just anger against the perpetrators of evil, can cause the death of innocent people. Here Semyon and Vasily change places. Semyon actively takes part in the fight against evil, saving a train with people unaware of the danger that threatens them, and Vasily recognizes his rightness and the unrighteousness of the path he has taken. But Semyon’s activity is of a special kind. It is based on self-sacrifice, and if he raises a red flag, then this flag is soaked in his own blood. For Garshin, morality has always been simple, but the question of why this simple morality cannot be realized in people’s lives was endlessly complex. In each of his stories, Garshin posed with painful acuteness the question of truth and untruth, about the various manifestations and forms of modern evil, and therefore his small stories were filled with large and deep content. Gleb Uspensky rightly wrote: “...in his small stories and fairy tales, sometimes several pages long, the entire content of our life, under the conditions in which both Garshin and all his readers had to live, was positively exhausted. When I say “the entire content of our life,” I am not using some pompous and thoughtless phrase here, no, precisely everything that our life gave the most important to his mind and heart (ours does not mean only Russian, but the life of people of our time in general), everything down to the last detail was experienced, felt by him with the most burning feeling, and that is why it could only be expressed in two, and even such small, books.” The same idea was expressed by another contemporary of Garshin, P.F. Yakubovich. Both the revolutionary poet and the greatest prose writer - essayist-sociologist essentially recognized a fact that was unusual both for the literature of the 80s and for previous Russian literature. Short stories reflected the main content of the era. Later, thanks to Korolenko, Chekhov, Bunin, this idea will no longer be perceived as a paradox. Garshin managed to open up new possibilities for the small genre. He combined the strict objectivity of the narrative with lyrical emotion and a clearly formulated author's point of view.

Zibritskaya Victoria

In the essay, the author raises the moral problems of good and evil, analyzing the story of V.M. Garshin "Signal" and the story by V. A. Soloukhin "Avenger". Both works lead the reader to the idea that revenge is a terrible act. Each person has a choice: to take revenge or to refuse revenge.

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Composition

"Only man is responsible

For good and evil"

8th grade student.

Head: Kenzhebaeva L.I.-

Russian language teacher and

Literatures.

Municipal state educational institution

"Skalista comprehensive school"

2012

Everyone chooses for themselves

A woman, religion, a road.

To serve the devil or the prophet

Everyone chooses for themselves.

Yu. Levitansky.

Life is so arranged that sometimes we are greatly offended. But sometimes we ourselves

we offend other people. It happens: we are overwhelmed by resentment, and there is a desire to take revenge, to hurt the one who offended us or to punish him in some other way. Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin described this situation to us in his story “Signal”.

In this story, the main characters Semyon and Vasily are watchmen on the railway. Vasily is a very difficult person, harmful, always dissatisfied with everything. He always complained to his partner Semyon about life. Vasily received more salary than Semyon. Vasily had a conflict with the head of the distance.

I believe that Vasily himself is to blame, because he should not have approached the boss with his complaint about the vegetable garden during the commission’s inspection of the tracks. The boss simply had no time for him, Vasily insulted the boss, and he hit him. And after the blow from his boss, Vasily was blinded by resentment; at first he went to Moscow to complain about his boss, but returned with nothing. And he came up with a plan for revenge, he decided to damage the railway track. He thought only about himself, he wanted to kill a lot of people out of resentment. Because of his desire for revenge, Vasily did not think about anyone. He didn't think about the passengers. Why should they die? Why will the innocent suffer? He left them no choice, they would all die. If his partner Semyon had also thought only about himself, he, killed by his problems, would have closed his eyes and passed by. What would happen if there were no good people? If Vasily had broken the rails, and Semyon would have passed by. Semyon committed a heroic act! He took responsibility for what was happening. Because of his problems, he did not become embittered, nor did he lose the kindness in his heart. Semyon

inflicts a deep cut on himself, blood runs heavily from the wound, in it he wets a handkerchief, turning it into a banner, and waves it, stopping the train. But everything turned black in his eyes; Semyon would have fallen if Vasily had not supported him at the last moment.

Vasily came to his senses and returned, confessing to his crime.

Revenge is a very bad feeling. Revenge is like a hurricane that sweeps away everything in its path, like a terrible fire that spares no one, like a boomerang. Each person has a choice: to take revenge or to refuse revenge. The one who starts a conflict and begins to take revenge does not know what awaits him, since they will also take revenge on him in return. Therefore, it is better to forgive your offender and give up revenge, although sometimes this is not easy to do. This theme - the theme of revenge continues in the works of modern writers.

I recently read V. Soloukhin’s story “The Avenger”. The desire for revenge is a very strong feeling that manifests itself regardless of what times people live in. It can be very difficult to resist him. A boy who finds himself in a very unpleasant situation does not know what to choose: to take revenge on the offender or to refrain from this desire.

One quiet, warm September morning, the boy, the main character of the story, and his classmates were digging potatoes in the school plot, instead of sitting in a boring arithmetic lesson. The main entertainment for the boys was placing a heavy ball made of earth on a flexible rod. Then they, swinging the rod, threw the ball - who would go further. The balls flew so far that they were not even visible. The boy bent down to make a heavier ball, when he suddenly felt a strong blow between his shoulder blades. Straightening up, the boy saw Vitka Agafonov running from him across the paddock with a thick rod in his hand. The main character's eyes filled with tears, but not from physical pain, but from resentment. He thought for a long time why Vitka hit him, but he could not understand, but he felt very bad in his soul... And soon the hero - the narrator - had a plan for revenge, and at school he invited Vitka to the forest to burn a hothouse. But Vitya was afraid that the boy would want to take revenge on him and hit him, but the main character said that he had nothing to worry about, and Vitya agreed. During the walk, the boys became friends, but the narrator thought all the time: “Now I’m his...”, and then he realized that Vitka is a good person, and he should not take revenge on Vita. So the hero of the story decided that he should not beat Vitka, and his soul became light and pleasant, they entered the village as best friends - buddies.

I believe that the hero did the right thing when he decided not to take revenge on his peer, but to forgive the offense and make friends with him. I advise everyone to read this story; it is not only very interesting, but also helps you understand what to do in such a situation and whether it is worth spoiling your friendship with your peer for the sake of resentment.

Our Russian literature is a textbook of life for many readers. These works made me think about the problem of moral choice. Each of us may find ourselves in a situation where we want to take revenge, and we decide what to do. We must not forget that “only man is responsible for good and evil.” I read about the life of Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin; he committed suicide, unable to withstand a serious illness. Meanwhile, all his works teach us kindness, decency, and humanity. My most favorite piece

V. M. Garshina - fairy tale “Frog - Traveler”. He wrote it based on a foreign fairy tale about a turtle from a collection of Indian fairy tales, which crashed after falling from a height. Garshin abandoned the cruel end, his heroine remains alive.

Garshin were addressed to children and that his last work was light and carefree. Against the background of other works by V.M. Garshin, sad and disturbing,

this fairy tale is like living evidence that the joy of life never disappears,

that “the light shines in the darkness.”