Essay analysis of the story The Young Peasant Lady by Pushkin. Analysis of “The Peasant Young Lady” Pushkin What is the main idea of the Peasant Young Lady

Of all the works included in “Belkin’s Tales” created by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, “The Peasant Young Lady” is the brightest and kindest work. There is no tragic death in it, as in "The Station Agent", no terrible secret, as in "The Shot", no love trial, as in "Blizzard". But there is love, happy and playful, because the story itself contains the favorite motif of all comedians - cross-dressing (as, for example, in William Shakespeare's comedy "Twelfth Night"). Seventeen-year-old young lady Lizaveta Muromskaya, raised by her father and spoiled by him, having read sentimental and romantic stories, came up with an ideal lover for herself: certainly pale, sad and mysterious. But in fact, the object of her sighs turns out to be the ruddy and cheerful young man Alexei Berestov, capable of not only captivating the hearts of representatives of high society, but also playing burners with the courtyard girls. Lisa understood: young Berestov, about whom there were rumors that he was suffering from unrequited love, was therefore cold towards all young ladies (after all, this is fashionable in society), was cheerful and sweet only with ordinary peasant women. And the heroine has no choice but to dress up as a simple peasant woman in order to meet the young gentleman she is interested in. The situation is complicated by the fact that the parents of the young heroes - the Russian landowner Berestov and the Anglomaniac Muromsky - have disliked each other for a long time. In the novel “Dubrovsky,” such enmity between neighbors led to the death of the father and the tragic fate of Dubrovsky’s son, who was forced to engage in robbery along with his peasants. But in “The Peasant Young Lady,” fortunately, this enmity ends as unexpectedly as it began, continuing not only with the reconciliation of the landowners and further friendly relations, but also with subsequent matchmaking. It is no coincidence that Pushkin writes with irony: “Thus, the ancient and deeply rooted enmity seemed ready to cease due to the timidity of the scanty little filly.” So this story is more like a parody of another Shakespearean story about the warring families of the Montagues and Capulets. The acquaintance of Lisa Muromskaya, who introduces herself as the blacksmith's daughter Akulina, develops into a romantic relationship. Alexey is shocked by the intelligence and education of an “ordinary peasant woman” (he is not even surprised that she learned to write in just three days); he is attracted not only by the absence of any coquetry in her, but also by the beauty of a dark-skinned woman, because girls from high society kept their skin white in order to not to be like the dark-skinned peasant women who became like that from long hours of work in the fields in the sun. In addition, a relationship with a girl from the common people had the charm of novelty for Alexei: Akulina interested him with her originality and unspoiled nature. Gradually, the young man became so attached to “Akulina” that he thought about marrying her. He understood perfectly well that they were divided by class inequality. And when the father insists on his son marrying the cutesy little Liza, whom Alexey saw while visiting the Muromskys (the reader knows that Liza has again changed her appearance beyond recognition), at some point he is ready to surrender to the “romantic thought of marrying a peasant woman and living by labor theirs." Even his father’s threat to make him a beggar if he does not marry, that is, in fact, does not fulfill his father’s will, does not affect him. It is unknown how these events would have ended for the main characters if not for an accident: having decided to rely on the prudence not of his father, but of Lizin, Alexey goes to Muromsky and meets with his dear Akulina. The author does not even consider it necessary to describe the denouement of events - the ending is already clear to the reader: he does not subject the heroes to tests, but simply allows them to stay together. So the story, which began very sadly, turns into a cheerful joke, and the prankster, minx Lizaveta at the right moment turns into a young lady, then into a peasant woman. Fortunately for him, the hero learns that the cutesy young lady and the peasant woman dear to his heart are one and the same person.

The year 1830 is the most serious milestone in the life and work of A. S. Pushkin. The best works of the great poet were created precisely in the autumn of 1830, the Boldin autumn. These works include the cycle “Belkin’s Tale”, which ends with the light and joyful story “The Peasant Young Lady”, where everything is both a joke and a serious one. “In “The Peasant Young Lady” Pushkin paints amazing images that remain in the reader’s heart for a long time.

The generation of “fathers” in the story is represented by Ivan Petrovich Berestov and Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky - heroes with opposite characters.

Muromsky is a “real Russian gentleman.” He lives in grand style, spends money thoughtlessly, arranging his estate in the English way, and is fond of innovations. Despite the debts, Muromsky's daughter has an Englishwoman as a mentor.

All this is not to the liking of his closest neighbor, Ivan Petrovich Berestov, a strong business executive, a conservative and, in principle, a person loved and respected by everyone. “Hatred of innovation was a distinctive feature of his character,” the author says about Berestov, emphasizing the difference between the heroes. Ivan Petrovich “could not speak indifferently about his neighbor’s Anglomania and constantly found opportunities to criticize him.” Muromsky “endured this criticism impatiently,” he “got mad” and nicknamed Berestov “a bear and a provincial.”

The events of the story begin to develop when Alexey Berestov, the son of Ivan Petrovich, comes to the village to visit his father. He is a university-educated young man who intends to enlist in the military, which his father opposes. “Alexey was really great,” the author says about him. Berestov Jr. is educated, smart and handsome. This is a “kind and ardent fellow” who has a “pure heart, capable of feeling the pleasures of innocence.” He immediately arouses the interest of Lisa Muromskaya, the daughter of Grigory Ivanovich.

Lisa is a pretty girl, she is spoiled, playful, loves mischief. Muromskaya lives in the wilderness, and the unexpected appearance of Alexey arouses the lively curiosity of the “black-eyed minx.” This curiosity is further inflamed by her maid Nastya, who, having attended the cook’s wife’s name day, says that young Berestov is amazingly handsome, besides, he is cheerful and an extraordinary spoiler.

Lisa and Nastya Despite their different social status, they are very close, and therefore Lisa quickly finds an assistant who supports her crazy idea of dressing up as a peasant and thus meeting Alexei.

The young peasant lady won the heart of young Berestov at first sight. After the first meeting, he was delighted and spent the whole day thinking about his new acquaintance. She captivated him with the charm of her simplicity, the charm of her youth. Moreover, such relationships were new to him, and therefore so exciting. Pretty soon they develop into a real feeling, which Lisa herself reciprocates. It would seem that Liza’s game has led her to a dead-end situation, but everything is resolved by His Majesty’s chance, which reconciled Ivan Petrovich Berestov with his Anglomaniac neighbor.

Lisa finds a rather original way out of a difficult situation for her, when Berestov Sr., together with his son, comes to visit them and when she has to appear before them. She dresses up so that even her own father has difficulty recognizing her, but those who know Lisa and are accustomed to her pampering perceive what is happening as just another prank of an eccentric young lady.

The reconciled fathers suddenly recognize the marriage of their children as mutually beneficial, and Berestov Sr. forces his son into matchmaking. This is where Alexey shows true nobility and decency. He dares not only to oppose his father, but also to marry a peasant woman, challenging generally accepted norms.

Fortunately, everything ends according to the laws of the genre: Alexey suddenly finds out that the cutesy young lady and the peasant woman dear to his heart are one and the same person. Fathers who have no idea about anything can only rejoice for the happiness of their children.

The story of A. S. Pushkin “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman” is a truly fascinating work, pleasing the soul with the radiance of purity and extraordinary charm.

The first association that arises when we hear the name Pushkin is “poet”. However, Alexander Sergeevich’s prose is no less beautiful. The writer's stories amaze with colorful images, intricate plots with interesting twists and conflicts. A striking example of A. S. Pushkin’s prose is the story “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”. Schoolchildren study it in the 6th grade. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the analysis of the work, which will greatly facilitate your preparation for the lesson. For convenience, the publication presents two analyzes - short and full.

Brief Analysis

Year of writing - 1830.

History of creation- A.S. Pushkin spent the autumn of 1830 in Boldino due to an outbreak of cholera. This period is one of the most productive in the writer’s work. In three months, a cycle of prose works was written, published in 1831 as a separate book, “Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin, published by A.P.”

Subject- The main themes of the work are love and deception.

Composition- The organization of the story cannot be called complicated. The plot develops linearly from exposition to resolution. The exposition is quite voluminous, since in it the author not only introduces the characters, but also talks about the reasons for their hostility.

Genre- A story.

Direction- Realism.

History of creation

The history of the creation of the work is connected with Alexander Sergeevich’s trip to Boldino. The writer was forced to stay there due to an outbreak of cholera. He spent 3 autumn months in Boldino, during which he worked in the literary field. The Boldinsky period turned out to be very productive. From the pen of A. S. Pushkin came both poetic and prosaic masterpieces.

Particular attention is drawn to the cycle of works “Tales of the late Ivan Petrovich Belkin, published by A.P.” . It also included “The Young Lady-Peasant Woman”. The year the story was written was 1830. Already in 1831 it became known to a wide circle of writers.

When publishing the work, Alexander Sergeevich was very worried about how readers and critics would perceive it. The fact is that the basis of the plot, as well as the artistic technique of masks or disguises, was borrowed by Pushkin from his domestic and foreign colleagues.

Subject

In “The Peasant Young Lady,” the analysis should begin with a description of the main motives. Analyzing them will also help you understand the essence of the story.

The story is based on traditional literature love theme. In the context of this motive, it is formed problems, which reflected both moral and social aspects of life. The following can be distinguished Problems: borrowing someone else's culture, deception, the situation of peasants and representatives of the upper class, friendship.

“The Peasant Young Lady” begins with a story about the families of Ivan Petrovich Berestov and Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky. The landowners do not get along with each other due to differences in views. His son Alexey comes to the village to visit Berestov. The young man is good-looking, educated and well-mannered. Rumors of his arrival quickly spread throughout the village. Lisa, Muromsky's Daughter, expresses a desire to meet Alexey. The girl doesn't know how to do it. Nastya, the young lady's maid, teaches her how to do it right. This is how the main adventures of the story begin.

Lisa dresses up as a peasant woman and arranges a “chance” meeting with Alexei, introducing herself as the daughter of a local blacksmith. By the way, a peasant dress suits the young lady very well. Gradually the young people fall in love with each other. Lisa is afraid that the young man will find out the truth and then their relationship will end. After a series of funny situations with dressing up, the truth still emerges. However, the story ends happily, since Lisa and Alexei’s fathers manage to make peace by that time.

After reading the work it becomes clear meaning of the name stories. The title reflects the main character's disguises.

Story idea- to show that sooner or later any deception is discovered, therefore it is impossible to resort to lies, even harmless ones.

Main thought– true love is stronger than deceptions and quarrels. To be frank and honest with loved ones, this is what the author teaches readers.

Composition

Characteristics of the composition are a mandatory point in the plan for analyzing a work of art. The organization of the analyzed story is simple, however, there are some features of the composition. The plot develops linearly from exposition to resolution. The exhibition is quite voluminous, as the author describes in detail the life and habits of two landowners and their families. There is no resolution in the usual sense. The author hints at how the story ends, but leaves the reader to draw their own conclusions.

Genre

The genre of the work is a story, since it is of medium length, the system of images, and the problems are quite ramified. The work develops several storylines. The story of A. S. Pushkin “The Young Lady-Peasant” is written in the spirit of realism.

Work test

Rating analysis

Average rating: 3.9. Total ratings received: 453.

“The Peasant Young Lady”, a comparison of the main characters of Pushkin will help you understand their similarities and differences and prepare for the lesson.

“Peasant Young Lady” characteristics of the characters

There are not so many main characters in Pushkin’s story “The Young Lady of the Peasant”.

Main characters:

Ivan Petrovich Berestov, his son Alexey,
Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky, his daughter Lisa.

The main idea of the story is to reveal and deny the conventions and prejudices of that time and, of course, to pay attention to human life and existence.

Ivan Berestov and Grigory Muromsky: comparative characteristics

Ivan Petrovich Berestov

Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky

1. Conducts farming in the Russian manner:

“On weekdays he went to plush jacket, worn on holidays frock coat from homemade cloth; I wrote down the expenses myself and read nothing except the Senate Gazette.

2. Of the people who condemned G.I. Muromsky, “Berestov spoke more severely than anyone else. Hatred of innovation was a distinctive feature of his character."

Anglomaniac:

“...he planted an English garden...His grooms were dressed as English jockeys. His daughter had an English madam. He cultivated the fields according to the English method...” ( Unlike the geometrically correct French garden, the English one is like a natural forest.)

2. Grigory Ivanovich “was considered a not stupid person, for he was the first of the landowners of his province to think of mortgaging his estate into the Trustee Council: a move that seemed extremely complex and bold at that time.”

The Angloman "made criticism as impatiently as our journalists."

Let us note the irony of Pushkin in describing the relationship between Berestov, the elder, and Muromsky. In their depiction, Pushkin uses the technique of antithesis.

Berestov and Muromsky similarities:

Thanks to their common life, Berestov Sr. and Muromsky were eventually able to find a common language and make peace.

Alexey Berestov and Lisa comparative characteristics

Alexey Berestov

Lisa (Betsy) – Akulina ( The name of the heroine was not chosen by chance: everyone knows “Poor Liza” by Karamzin, it is no coincidence that the heroine reads “Natalia, the Boyar’s Daughter” by Karamzin).

“He was brought up at the university and intended to enter military service, but his father did not agree to this... They were not inferior to each other, and young Alexei began to live for the time being as a master, letting his mustache grow just in case (a military attribute).

He was, “really, a great fellow... The young ladies looked at him, and others looked at him; but Alexey did little with them, and they believed that the reason for his insensitivity was a love affair.”

“It’s easy to imagine what impression Alexey must have made in the circle of...young ladies. He was the first to appear before them, gloomy and disappointed, the first to tell them about lost joys and about his faded youth; Moreover, he wore a black ring with the image of a death's head. All this was extremely new in that province. The young ladies went crazy for him.

“She was seventeen years old. Black eyes enlivened a dark and very pleasant face. She was the only one and, therefore, a spoiled child. Her playfulness and minute-by-minute pranks delighted her father and drove her Madame Miss Jackson into despair..."

“Nastya followed Liza, she was older, but just as flighty as her young lady.”

Alexei wears the mask of a suffering lover, cold towards all young ladies, because it is fashionable in society, but with simple peasant women he is cheerful, sweet, and plays burners. With them you don’t need to wear a mask, you can be yourself. This is how Alexey is more interesting to Lisa.

“...Alexey, despite the fatal ring, the mysterious correspondence and the gloomy disappointment, was a kind and ardent fellow and had a pure heart, capable of feeling the pleasures of innocence.” He was going to marry a simple peasant woman, disobeying the will of his parent.

Lisa was too unusual for a simple peasant woman: self-esteem (even self-love), extraordinary intelligence, ease of communication and at the same time inaccessibility and adherence to principles.

“His relations with Akulina had for him the charm of novelty, ... although the instructions strange peasant women seemed burdensome to him.”

All this speaks of Alexey’s high spiritual qualities

The originality of Lisa-Akulina aroused strong feelings.

Seventeen-year-old young lady Lizaveta Muromskaya, raised by her father and spoiled by him, having read sentimental and romantic stories, came up with an ideal lover for herself: certainly pale, sad and mysterious. But in fact, the object of her sighs turns out to be the ruddy and cheerful young man Alexei Berestov, capable of not only captivating the hearts of representatives of high society, but also playing burners with the courtyard girls. Lisa understood: young Berestov, about whom there were rumors that he was suffering from unrequited love, was therefore cold towards all young ladies (after all, this is fashionable in society), was cheerful and sweet only with ordinary peasant women. And the heroine has no choice but to dress up as a simple peasant woman in order to meet the young gentleman she is interested in.

The acquaintance of Lisa Muromskaya, who introduces herself as the blacksmith's daughter Akulina, develops into a romantic relationship. Alexey is shocked by his intelligence and education "ordinary peasant woman"(he is not even surprised that she learned to write in just three days), he is attracted not only by the absence of any coquetry in her, but also by the beauty of a dark-skinned woman, because girls from high society kept their skin white so as not to resemble the dark-skinned peasant women who became such from long hours of work in the field in the sun.

In addition, a relationship with a girl from the common people had the charm of novelty for Alexei: Akulina interested him with her originality and unspoiled nature. Gradually, the young man became so attached to “Akulina” that he thought about marrying her. He understood perfectly well that they were divided by class inequality. And when the father insists on his son marrying the cutesy little Liza, whom Alexey saw while visiting the Muromskys (the reader knows that Liza has again changed her appearance beyond recognition), at some point he is ready to give himself up “the romantic idea of marrying a peasant woman and living by one’s labors”. Even his father’s threat to make him a beggar if he does not marry, that is, in fact, does not fulfill his father’s will, does not affect him.

It is unknown how these events would have ended for the main characters if not for an accident: having decided to rely on the prudence not of his father, but of Lizin, Alexey goes to Muromsky and meets with his dear Akulina. The author does not even consider it necessary to describe the denouement of events - the ending is already clear to the reader: he does not subject the heroes to tests, but simply allows them to stay together.

So the story, which began very sadly, turns into a cheerful joke, and the prankster, minx Lizaveta at the right moment turns into a young lady, then into a peasant woman. Fortunately for him, the hero learns that the cutesy young lady and the peasant woman dear to his heart are one and the same person.