Common languages in the Perm region. Peoples of the Perm region: traditions, culture and ethnography

The publishing house "Senator", which published the dictionary of Perm words and expressions "Speaking Perm" two years ago, continued the series of fascinating books about Perm words. This time the Perm phrasebook was published.

Such Perm pearls are collected here that non-residents, and even more so foreigners, may not even understand what we are talking about. Every Perm word and expression in the phrasebook has been translated into Russian and English.

The portal flipped through the book and selected the most striking words and expressions (on the right - translation).

Emotions.

What! - Can't be.
Well, yes. - I guess so.
All sorts of things. - Yes, one hundred percent.
By nature. - Really.
Edrishki-bumps! Yok-makarek! Yoshkin's light! - Oh, how can that be! what a misfortune!
Don't drizzle! - Don `t cry! Leave me alone!
Basco! Zybansko! - Cool!
How so! - How so!
Why no? - Why not?

Relationship.

Are you lawless? Are you cutting? Are you making mistakes? -Are you acting up?
I'll get it for you right now! - I'll hit you now!
He's so Basque! - He's cute, I like him.
What a hit! - What a shame!
Why are you teasing me? - Why are you making fun of me?

In the city.

There was no car? — There wasn’t a bus?
I'll get there on my bike. — I’ll get there by bike.
Pay your fare! - Pay for the fare!
Both here and here. - Both there and here.
Did you get it? - Went?
I'll scratch it with a foot dragger. - I'll go on foot.

Money and shopping.

Give me a five-hat/mower/cacique. - Give me five hundred rubles / a thousand rubles.
The last hundred remained. - I have a hundred rubles left.
He was shaking his head. - He is a poor man.
They ban computers and phones there. — They sell computers and phones there.
Let's put things in a bag. - Let's put things in a bag.
How much do I have to pay? - How much should I pay?
What about the money? - What is the price?

Behavior.

He rolls cotton wool, rolls cotton wool. - He's a slacker.
Why are you squeezing? - Why are you smiling?
Why are you like this? - You are weird.
She's basically Egarma. - She has a very complex character.
Today I feel like a winter mountain. - I'm dressed too warmly today.
Put on your gloves. - Put on your mittens.
What a bastard. - Very skinny.
Beautiful. - Good girl, well done.
Worthless. - Good, cute.
Real guy. Real chick. - Good guy. Beautiful girl.

Free time.

Dissect according to Kompros. — Walk along Komsomolsky Prospekt.
Is there anything? - There won’t be any cigarettes, money or drinks.
I found a Zyban toy. — I found a great game.
Maybe we can go to the garden? — Maybe we can go to Gorky Park?
Where will you celebrate your birthday? —Where are you planning to celebrate your birthday?
I've been calling you all day, but you're not on the line. “I haven’t been able to reach you all day.”
I'll call you. - I call you.
Did you go through Kudymkar? - Why did you walk for so long?

Cooking, restaurants.

Count us in. — Bring the bill, please.
Do you want some snacks? — Do you want pies that, when you bite into them, splash with broth?
Shall we make a roast out of the dungeons? — Let's fry boletus mushrooms with potatoes.
Tea with odenki - Cloudy tea.
Tea "White Rose" - Liquid tea.
Click the seeds. - There are seeds.

Permyak is not in a good mood.

Shut down! - Hide!
Cover yourself up and don't breathe. - Hide properly.
Why the fright? - Why?
Be quiet. Squeeze it. - Sit quietly.
I'm neurotic. - I'm tired.

Well-being and hygiene.

Humming. - Very tired.
Damn it! - Turn up the heat (in the bathhouse)!
On Saturday, the little one and I will go to the bathhouse to take out the poker. — On Saturday, we’ll go with the child to the bathhouse to take out the lanugo.

Parting

Come on, come on. - Goodbye.

Languages. Carriers of P. i. They live mainly in the northeast of the European part of the USSR - in the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and in the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. The Komi-Zyryans also live in the lower reaches of the Ob and along the Tobol River within the Tyumen and Omsk regions. Their settlements are also found in some areas of other regions. Komi also live on the Kola Peninsula. In the upper reaches of the Kama there are Kirov Permyaks (the so-called Zyuzda people; about 5 thousand people). Settlements of Komi-Permyaks are found in a number of regions of Siberia. In the northeast of the Perm region, along the middle and upper reaches of the Yazva, a tributary of the Vishera, live the Krasnovishersky Permyaks (the so-called Komi-Yazvintsy). In a number of features, their language is close to the Onkovo and Lower Inven dialects of the Komi-Permyak language. Small groups of Udmurts are found in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, as well as in the Kirov, Sverdlovsk and Perm regions. Udmurt migrants live in Siberia. Among the Udmurts, a special ethnic group stands out - the Besermyans, who live mainly along the middle and lower reaches of the Cheptsy River. The Besermyans speak a special dialect of the Udmurt language.

The ancestors of the Permian peoples originally lived in the Vyatka basin and along the middle and lower reaches of the Kama. The collapse of the Proto-Perm community occurred around the 8th century. The main reason for the collapse was the penetration of Turkic peoples, mainly Bulgars, into the Volga. The resettlement of the Komi to the territory of the modern Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic began in the 6th-7th centuries.

The Komi-Permyak language is close to the Komi-Zyryan language. The reason for its transformation into an independent language was the territorial isolation outside the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Perm region) and the independent development of the literary language.

The dialects of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages are usually classified according to 2 principles - typological and territorial. Until the 70s. 20th century dialects were united into 3 groups: Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permyak and Komi-Yazva. Since the 70s. they unite into the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak groups.

The typological classification takes into account the fate of the Proto-Permian l. Depending on its nature, 4 types of dialects are distinguished: El dialects; null-el dialects; ve-el dialects; bezel dialects. In El dialects, the sound l is preserved in any position, for example ve̮l ‘horse’, ve̮lte̮g ‘without a horse’, ve̮le̮n ‘horse’. In Null-El dialects, the ancient l at the end of a word and in the middle of a word before a consonant is replaced by lengthening the previous vowel or dropped out completely. If the previous vowel is e or i, then l becomes j (cf. ni̮i̮ or ni̮ ‘girl’ from ni̮l, zej ‘very’ from zel). In Ve-el dialects, in the middle of a word before a consonant and at the end of a word, l turns into v (cf. ve̮v ‘horse’ from ve̮l, ki̮vni̮ ‘hear’ from ki̮lni). In non-el dialects l always turns into v.

According to the classification, which takes into account the territorial location of dialects, the following 10 dialects are distinguished in the Komi-Zyryan dialect: Nizhnevychegda, Verkhnevychegda, Srednesysolsk, Prisyktyvkar, Verkhnesysolsk, Udora, Izhemsk, Vymsk, Pechora and Luzsko-Letsk. The dialects received these names mainly from the names of the rivers along which their speakers lived or live.

The dialects of the Komi-Permyaks, widespread within the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug, are combined into 2 dialects - northern and southern. The Udmurt language also has two dialects - northern and southern. Between them are transitional (“middle”) dialects, whose speakers live in the central (middle) regions of the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Transitional dialects arose as a result of the mixing of northern and southern dialects.

The Komi and Udmurt languages, despite certain differences that exclude the possibility of mutual understanding among their speakers, are at the same time languages of the same type.

The phonemic composition of all three literary languages is the same: 7 vowels and 26 consonant phonemes. The morphological structure is also basically the same type: the case systems are the same - in the Udmurt literary language there are 15 cases, in Komi-Zyryan - 16, in Komi-Permyak - 17. Of these cases, 14 case forms are common. They coincide in terms of indicators and functions. The system of personal possessive suffixes in these languages is almost identical. Significant similarities are observed in the system

PERM LANGUAGES

- a branch of the Finno-Ugric family of languages (see Finno-Ugric languages). To P. I. include Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permyak and Udmurt languages. Carriers of P. i. live ch. arr. to the north-east Europe parts of the USSR - in the Komi ASSR, Udm. ASSR and in the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Republic. district. The Komi-Zyryans also live in the lower reaches of the Ob and along the river. Tobol within the Tyumen and Omsk regions. Their settlements are also found in certain districts of other regions. Komi also live on the Kola Peninsula. In the upper reaches of the Kama there are Kirov Permyaks (the so-called Zyudzin-tsy; about 5 thousand people). Settlements of Komi-Permyaks are found in a number of regions of Siberia. On the north-east Perm region, on Wed. and upstream, along the Yazva, a tributary of the Vishera, live the Krasnovishera Permyaks (the so-called Komi-Yazvintsy). In a number of features, their language is close to the Onkovsky and Lower Invensky dialects of the Komi-Permyak language. Small groups of Udmurts are found in Bashk. ASSR, Tat. ASSR, as well as in the Kirov, Sverdlovsk and Perm regions. Udmurt migrants live in Siberia. Among the Udmurts, a special ethnicity stands out. group - Besermyans, living mainly on Wed. and lower the flow of the river Caps. Besermyans speak a special dialect of UDM. language The ancestors of the Permian peoples originally lived in the Bas. Vyatka and Wed. and lower the flow of the Kama. The disintegration of the Proto-Perm community occurred ca. 8th century Basic The cause of the collapse was the penetration of Turkic peoples into the Volga, ch. arr. Bulgar Relocation of the Komi to the territory. modern The Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic began in the 6th-7th centuries. Room-Permyak language. close to Komi-Zyryan. The reason for its transformation into an independent language was the territorial isolation outside the Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Perm region) and independent language, the development of lit. language. The dialects of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak languages are usually classified according to 2 principles - typological and territorial. Until the 70s. 20th century dialects were united into 3 groups: Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permyak and Komi-Yaevin. Since the 70s They are united into the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyak groups. Typological the classification takes into account the fate of Proto-Perm 1. Depending on its nature, 4 types of dialects are distinguished: El dialects; null-el dialects; ve-el dialects; bezel dialects. In El dialects, sound 1 is preserved in any position, for example. vel "horse", velteg "without horse", velen "horse". In Null-El dialects, the ancient 1 at the end of a word and in the middle of a word before a consonant is replaced by lengthening the previous vowel or dropped out completely. If the previous vowel is 1 or i, then 1 goes into j (cf. nii or ni "girl" from nil, zej "very" from zel). In Ve-Elov dialects, in the middle of a word before a consonant and at the end of a word, 1 becomes v (cf. vev "horse" from vel, kivni "hear" from kilni). In non-el dialects, 1 always turns into v. According to the classification, which takes into account the territorial location of dialects, in the Komi-Zyryans, the following dialects are distinguished. 10 dialects: Nizhnevychegda, Verkhnevychegda, Middle Sysol, Prisyk-Tyvkar, Verkhnesysolsk, Udor, Izhem. Vymsky, Pechora and Luzsko-Letsky. The dialects received these names. arr. from the names of the rivers along which the Crimea lived or lives. The dialects of the Komi-Permyaks, widespread within the Komi-Permyak Autonomous Region. okr., are combined into 2 adverbs - northern and southern. In udm. language 2 dialects are also distinguished - northern and southern. Between them are transitional (“middle”) dialects, the speakers of which live in the central (middle) districts of Udm. ASSR. Transitional dialects arose as a result of the mixing of northern. and south adverb. The Komi and Udmurt languages, despite the known differences that exclude the possibility of mutual understanding among their speakers, PERM 371 24” are at the same time languages of the same type. Phonemic composition of all three litas. languages coincides: 7 vowels and 26 consonants fsnem. Morphological The structure is also basically the same: the case systems are the same - in UDM. lit. the language has 15 cases, in Komi-Zyryan - 16, in Komi-Permyak - 17. Of these cases, 14 case forms are common. They coincide in terms of indicators and functions. The personal-possessive system is almost the same in these languages. suffixes. This means that similarities are observed in the system of pronouns and numerals. System past times built on the same model. Many common features and features are also found in history. development of grammatical systems P. i. However, there are differences in the syntax. Thanks to the influence of Tat. language udm. language retained more features of the syntax of the Uralic parent language, syntactic. the system of which was Turko-Mong. type. Absolute revolutions in udm. language are found much more often than in the Komi language, the verb gravitates towards the end of the sentence. In the vocabulary of UDM. language quite a lot of borrowings from Tat. languages, especially in the south. adverbs. About the study of P. i. see Finno-Ugric studies. About Sovrem. Komi language, part 1 - Phonetics, vocabulary and morphology, part 2 - Syntax, Syktyvkar. 1955-67; L y t k i n V. I.. T e p l i m n i a T. I., Perm languages, in the book: Fundamentals of Finnish Ugric, language knowledge. Mari, Perm and Ugric languages, M., 1976. B. A. Serebrennikov*

Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. 2012

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of words and what PERM LANGUAGES are in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

PERM LANGUAGES in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
PERM LANGUAGES in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
branch of the Finno-Ugric family of languages: Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permyak, Udmurt...
LANGUAGES
WORKING - see OFFICIAL AND WORKING LANGUAGES...
LANGUAGES in the Dictionary of Economic Terms:
OFFICIAL - see OFFICIAL AND WORKING LANGUAGES...
LANGUAGES
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, formal languages for describing data (information) and the algorithm (program) for their processing on a computer. The basis of Ya.p. make up algorithmic languages...
LANGUAGES in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD, languages of the peoples inhabiting (and previously inhabiting) the globe. The total number is from 2.5 to 5 thousand (to establish the exact figure...
PERM in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
PERM LANGUAGES, a branch of the Finno-Ugric family of languages: Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permyak, Udmurt...
URAL LANGUAGES
- a large genetic union of languages, including 2 families - Fiyo-Ugric (see Finno-Ugric languages) and Samoyed (see Samoyed languages; some scientists consider ...
LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD
the world, the languages of the peoples inhabiting (and previously inhabiting) the globe. The total number of Yam - from 2500 to 5000 (exact number...
ROMAN LANGUAGES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
languages (from Latin romanus - Roman), a group of related languages belonging to the Indo-European family (see Indo-European languages) and descending from Latin ...
LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron.
LANGUAGES OF THE PEOPLES OF THE USSR in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- languages spoken by peoples living on the territory of the USSR. In the USSR there are approx. 130 languages of the country's indigenous peoples living...
LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary.
FINNO-UGRIAN LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- a family of languages that is part of a larger genetic group of languages called the Uralic languages. Before it was proven genetic. kinship...
SUDANIC LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- a classification term used in African studies in the 1st half. 20th century and determined the languages common in the area of geographic Sudan - ...
ROMAN LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- a group of languages of the Indo-European family (see Indo-European languages), connected by a common origin from the Latin language, general patterns of development and, therefore, elements of structural...
PALEOASIAN LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- a conditionally defined linguistic community that unites genetically unrelated Chukchi-Kamchatka languages, Eskimo-Aleut languages, Yenisei languages, Yukaghir-Chuvan languages and ...
OCEANIC LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- part of the eastern “subbranch” of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages (considered by some scientists as a subfamily of the Austronesian languages). Distributed in the regions of Oceania located east of ...
CUSHITE LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
—a branch of the Afroasiatic family of languages (see Afroasiatic languages). Distributed to the north-east. and V. Africa. Total number of speakers approx. 25.7 million people ...
ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
— sign systems created for use in areas where the use of natural language is less effective or impossible. And I. vary...
IRANIAN LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
—a group of languages belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch (see Indo-Iranian languages) of the Indo-European family of languages (see Indo-European languages). Distributed in Iran, Afghanistan, some...
INDO-EUROPEAN LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- one of the largest families of languages in Eurasia, which over the past five centuries has also spread to the North. and Yuzh. America, Australia and...
AFRASIAN LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Afroasiatic languages; obsolete - Semitic-Hamitic, or Hamitic-Semitic, languages) - a macrofamily of languages widespread in the north. parts of Africa from the Atlantic. coast and Canary...
AUSTROASIATIC LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Australian languages) - a family of languages spoken by part of the population (approx. 84 million people) South-East. and Yuzh. Asia, as well as...
AUSTRONESIAN LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- one of the largest families of languages. Distributed in the Malayan arch. (Indonesia, Philippines), Malacca Peninsula, in the south. districts of Indochina, in ...
TURKIC LANGUAGES in the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary:
- a family of languages spoken by numerous peoples and nationalities of the USSR, Turkey, part of the population of Iran, Afghanistan, Mongolia, China, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia ...
LYTKIN in the Dictionary of Russian Surnames:
The surname is associated with the old Russian word lytka, which denoted the leg and its parts, the verb lytat - “to run away, wander, shirk from business.” ...
YAKHONTOV NIKOLAY
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Yakhontov Nikolai (+ 1918), priest, martyr. Commemorated on December 4 and in the Cathedral of New Martyrs...
SYKTYVKARY DIOCESE in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Syktyvkar and Vorkuta diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. Diocesan administration: Russia, Komi Republic, 167000, ...
SABUROV ALEXEY in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Saburov Alexey (+ 1918), archpriest, martyr. Commemorated on December 4 and in the Cathedral of New Martyrs...
PYANKOV IVAN PETROVICH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Pyankov Ivan Petrovich (1850 - 1918), archpriest, martyr. Memory of December 4 and...
POSOKHIN ALEXANDER in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Posokhin Alexander (+ 1918), priest, martyr. Commemorated on December 4 and in the Cathedral of New Martyrs...
PERM DIOCESE in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Perm and Solikamsk diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church. Address: Russia, 614601, Perm, st. Ordzhonikidze, ...
NIKITA (DELECTOR) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox encyclopedia "TREE". Nikita (Delectorsky) (1876 - 1937), bishop b. Orekhovo-Zuevsky, vicar of the Moscow diocese, ...
NEOPHYTE (SOSNIN) in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree.
CHUPIN NARKIZ KONSTANTINOVYCH
Chupin (Narkiz Konstantinovich, died in 1882) - researcher of the Perm region. He received his education at the philosophical and chamber faculties of Kazan University; ...
SMYSHLYAEV DMITRY DMITRIEVICH in the Brief Biographical Encyclopedia:
Smyshlyaev (Dmitry Dmitrievich, 1828 - 1893) - a famous local figure and researcher, historian of the Perm region. Upon completion of the course at Perm...
THE USSR. SOCIAL SCIENCES in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
sciences Philosophy Being an integral part of world philosophy, the philosophical thought of the peoples of the USSR has traveled a long and complex historical path. In spiritual...
THE USSR. POPULATION in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
The population of the USSR in 1976 was 6.4% of the world population. The population of the territory of the USSR (within modern borders) changed as follows (million people): 86.3 ...
THE USSR. GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
structure The largest elements of the structure of the earth's crust on the territory of the USSR: the East European and Siberian platforms and the folded geosynclinal belts separating them - ...
ASIA (PART OF THE WORLD) in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB.
LINGUISTICS
linguistics, otherwise linguistics (from Latin lingua, language), glottika or glottology (from Greek ??????, ?????? - language) - in the narrow sense...
CHUPIN in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
(Narkiz Konstantinovich, died in 1882) - researcher of the Perm region. He received his education at the philosophical and chamber faculties of Kazan University; consisted...
CHERDYN in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
a district town in the Perm province, on the right, high bank of the Kolva River, which flows into the Vishera River (the left tributary of the Kama). Residents to 1...
JUDGMENT in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
district mountains Vladimir province. at RF Sudogde, in 37 ver. to the southeast from the city of Vladimir, along the Muromsky post office. tract. First …

Dictionary "Speaking Perm"

Perm word
The language of a modern Russian city is a complex formation. It is represented by various “non-standard” forms of the Russian language (inclusions of literary speech, colloquial forms, elements of territorial and social dialects). At the same time, the language of any city can have pronounced local features at different linguistic levels. The overwhelming majority of city residents are a kind of “bilinguals” or “multilinguals” who are able to “switch” in various spheres of communication to the means of a literary language, urban vernacular, professional or group jargon, and sometimes to speech with elements of the local dialect. What is the meaning of such a difference between the language of one city and the language of another? Every modern city strives to have its own language code, allowing it to distinguish its own from strangers.

The speech of the city of Perm has long been actively studied by sociolinguists of the Perm State National Research University, Professors T.I. Erofeeva and E.V. Erofeeva. According to the observations of scientists, Perm is characterized by a specific pronunciation - the so-called closed pronunciation, perceived as “swallowing” vowel sounds. There is a humorous explanation for this phenomenon: pronouncing sounds with an almost unopened, motionless lower jaw is nothing more than the desire not to open your mouth wide so as not to catch a cold in the Ural frost). Typical Perm phonetic features also include okanye, the almost complete loss of the j sound between vowels in words like “sdelaem” (instead of “let’s do”), “platte” (instead of “dress”). Less noticeable to a non-specialist is the preservation of roundedness when pronouncing the reduced sound O in an unstressed position, the weakening of the affricates (“cellophane” instead of “cellophane”). A characteristic “singing” rise in tone at the end of phrases is considered a characteristic Ural intonation. We see many special features in the Permian syntax. For example, only here we use “dak da” to confirm something or express agreement (“When you hear a smell, do you remember something? - Well, dak da”). For enumeration, in the meaning of “and so on”, residents of Perm often use the combination “why yes” (“We planted potatoes, carrots, beets and wow”; “Right now they don’t give birth to many people - one at a time, two at a time”). The speech of Perm residents is characterized by an abundance of Komi-Permyak and Turkic lexical borrowings ("balka" - sheep, "kaga" - child, "tues" - birch bark box with a lid, "uglan" - teenage boy, "duvan" - draft, from Turkic name for a high, open place). A lot of words have been fixed in the local tradition with meanings that are not typical for other territories. Thus, a document with an inscription giving the right to see a doctor is called a “coupon” in Perm, while in other Russian cities it is a “tag”; The word "vichka" is used by Perm residents, unlike residents of other Russian cities, to call a small twig. Permians use a large number of dialect words: "zharekha" - a dish of fried mushrooms, "sinyavka" - russula, "vertical head" - restless, disobedient, "simple" - ingenuous, disinterested. Residents of Perm consistently use the word “redhead” to designate boletus (according to dialect dictionaries, it is typical for rural residents of the Arkhangelsk, Pskov, Tver, Novgorod, Vladimir, Kostroma, Moscow regions and the Middle Urals). As recent studies by the famous sociolinguist Professor V. have shown. I. Belikova, the common name for cigarette butts is “chibon” in Perm (in the north of the region the word “khabon” is used in this meaning). Many phraseological units are purely Permian. Thus, an expression like “Dunka from Bakharevka” is used to describe a strange, abnormal young lady with an exotic appearance (“I don’t understand you: I came to a meeting with serious people, and she dressed up like Dunka from Bakharevka.” Not everyone has such broad views on what a deputy director should look like!"). Nowadays, few people remember that Bakharevka was once a vegetable plantation in Perm, and vegetables were grown here by residents of villages nearby Perm. The most colorful in creating the speech image of Perm are the unofficial colloquial names of urban objects: “Tower of Death” (about the building of the regional Department of Internal Affairs), the ironic and affectionate name of the Zakamsk district - “Zookamsk”, the Proletarsky microdistrict - “Prolet”. The ironic name of the monument to the heroes of the front and home front on the city esplanade is “Taxi, Taxi!” - an example not so much of the obliteration of the national historical memory and self-awareness of Perm residents, but of the reaction of the townspeople to the ideologicalization of the center of the regional capital. The sculptural composition of the monument consists of three people; from certain angles, the gestures captured by the author resemble the gestures of those trying to catch a taxi towards the railway station (“After registering at the registry office, the newlyweds must be photographed near the TAXI, TAXI”). Not everything in Perm lends itself to rational interpretation, including the unusual speech of its inhabitants. “The more wonderful a language is, the sweeter it is,” said the famous writer Valentin Rasputin, a subtle connoisseur of folk speech. The diversity of the vocabulary, the rich variability of the language of the Perm street is a striking feature of the internal life of the regional capital. One of the most noticeable properties of everyday speech in Perm is folk word creation, language play, and the desire of Perm residents to maintain a “non-common” facial expression.

I.A. Podyukov, -
Doctor of Philology, Head of the Department of General Linguistics, PSPU

Dictionary "Speaking Perm"

In the area of special attention
The main difference of the publication, which we bring to your attention not without some parental pride, is that it completely lacks the academic quality characteristic of ordinary dictionaries. “Speaking Permian” is, rather, an observation diary. The compilers did not strive to create a dictionary of exclusively Perm words and expressions, if only for the reason that the true “place of birth” of some units is almost impossible to establish. For example, other regions and cities may well compete with Perm for the word “Basque” - it can be considered more of an all-Ural word. In addition, fascinating research in the field of classical dialect lexicography is being carried out by real serious scientists who continue the glorious work of Vladimir Dahl - we’ll leave it to them. When compiling the dictionary, with enthusiasm and care, we selected what characterizes the modern Permian in the opinion of the compilers - which, of course, cannot be considered the only true one. For greater objectivity, we added to our own materials: the works of specialists in Perm dialects, philologists (they know better), observations of tourists who visited the Perm region (even more so for them), finally, observations of our fellow countrymen from among representatives of different ages and professions (this actually, it’s not obvious, but each of them is a carrier of the very living speech that we tried to describe here).

Without pretending to be a complete representation of Perm words and expressions in this publication, we nevertheless assert that the small sample with which the reader becomes familiar with it can serve as an excellent service for the first acquaintance with the region. It doesn’t matter for what purpose you are going to visit the Kama region: whether it is a work opportunity or a journey following the call of your heart, upon arrival in Perm you will hear a lot of interesting things from the natives (we guarantee this) and, perhaps, you will not be able to understand all the words and expressions right away. We flatter ourselves with the hope that our collection will help you in this difficult matter. “Speaking Permian” consists of words and expressions that definitely come from the Kama region - for example, the compilers vouch for the Permianness of “posikunchiki” and other “pistiks” with their heads, hands and other parts of the body; further, words that do not have exclusively Perm registration, but may be characteristic of the entire Ural region, but “in Moscow no one speaks like that for sure”; and actually what is characteristic of the speech of the Permian of our time - jargon, slang, borrowings creatively interpreted by our contemporaries and fellow countrymen, and so on.

Meanwhile, when learning any language, only words and expressions (vocabulary) are not enough for full communication. It is important to know how these words form phrases (grammar, that is), and how all this is then pronounced (that’s right, phonetics). Some rules for forming a statement in Perm are in the dictionary. It also contains several universal phrases that can help out in many situations (for example, the word CHE, beloved by Permians, provides a rich field for a variety of constructions that can express almost anything). Be prepared for the fact that a rich vocabulary in itself does not guarantee success. It is worth paying attention to the ability to construct a statement in Perm. A win-win option is to start any statement with the words DAK or WHAT. In some cases (especially if the sentence is interrogative) it is best to even combine them into DAK CHE. For example: So, are we going to eat today? In some cases, DAK can also complete a phrase. For example: Well, come here, you’re still awake. But speaking Perm without an accent - from a purely pronunciation point of view - requires more careful preparation. So, we carefully read the rules, listen to native speakers and try to reproduce them.

Perm pronunciation rules
(a must read, without it you will sound completely un-Permian)
1. When you speak, your mouth should open minimally. To be honest, it’s better not to open your mouth at all. If you find it difficult at first, help yourself by slightly pushing your lower jaw forward.
2. Speech should be very fast, so that others do not have time to understand you.
3. Remember: if a word contains the letter O, then even in an unstressed position it will be read as O
4. In general, try to make A and O always look like O. Y is also allowed. In some cases Y is even preferable. Even if Y is difficult to pronounce, feel free to drop the vowel altogether.

A little strengthening exercise. The first word in the chain is pronounced in the usual way. In the second case, we insert the correct, Perm-colored vowel sound. And the last word is already perfect in Perm.

Home - smoke - smoke
Sausage - kylbysa - klbsa
Podvodnikov - pydvodnikov - pdvodnikv
Language is a reflection of the culture and worldview of its speaker. Permian speech amuses some, irritates others, and still others don’t believe that anyone actually speaks like that. Of course, it is impossible to embrace the immensity. Conveying the full power of Perm speech is a task of exceptional difficulty. You need to hear it, and you need to try to say it. If you look in any dictionary, next to the word “attraction” you will see the following definition: “Something that deserves attention and has special value.” From a tourism point of view, the Perm region is a surprisingly diverse territory. One should pay attention here to the former Stroganov factories, and current modern enterprises, and magnificent natural monuments, and rich museums, and much, much more. However, the spirit of a place, its unique atmosphere, its originality and “taste” cannot be felt without getting acquainted with the local dialect. We believe that the famous Perm dialect is one of the most interesting and valuable attractions of the Kama region. We can recommend to everyone who has just begun to master speaking Perm to experiment with new vocabulary, bringing it into their active vocabulary in a variety of communicative situations. And as a small master class, we suggest you try to retell long-known stories in Perm: you will see how seemingly completely familiar plots magically acquire a fresh sound.

Dictionary "Speaking Perm"

Common languages ​​in the Perm region. Peoples of the Perm region: traditions, culture and ethnography

See also interpretations, synonyms, meanings of words and what PERM LANGUAGES are in Russian in dictionaries, encyclopedias and reference books:

Common languages in the Perm region. Peoples of the Perm region: traditions, culture and ethnography