The problem of kindness: arguments from literature and reasoning about the light of our soul. The problem of good and evil - arguments and essay

I read with deep interest the text provided to me for analysis. In it, D.S. Likhachev raises the burning problem of the role of good in human life.

The author reveals this question by discussing the importance of good for people. “It connects, unites, makes us closer,” writes the philologist. Describing the many benefits of kindness, the writer recalls smart kindness. The most valuable thing is that good that has some purpose, is aimed at something.

Such goodness is “the surest on the path to personal happiness.” Thus, Likhachev in his text points out to the reader the importance of goodness in people’s lives.

Many Russian writers have thought about this issue, but first of all I would like to mention Rasputin’s story “French Lessons”.

The main character of the work, teacher Lidia Mikhailovna, helps her student by playing with him for money, although she understands that this threatens her work. At the end of the work, she is still fired, but the teacher does not regret what she did, because she was able to help her student. The satisfaction from doing a good deed is so great that it drowns out the annoyance of being fired.

The next striking example that helps illustrate the correctness of all of the above is Leskov’s work “The Man on the Clock.” The main character of the story, Postnikov, decides to leave his post in order to help a drowning man, although this is severely punished. As a result, the man was flogged with rods. But saving a person was certainly worth this suffering. Postnikov remained true to his conscience by committing this good deed.

In conclusion, I would like to say that the good brought to people will definitely come back to us. This is why it is so important to do good deeds.

Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) - start preparing

Updated: 2018-03-13

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The problem of the role of goodness in human life according to Likhachev’s text “A person must radiate kindness and live...”

arguments for an essay

In my opinion, cruelty is not only when you hurt people physically or psychologically, but cruelty is also a lack of concern for people who expect help from you or just words of sympathy. And we encounter this type of cruelty almost every day, because, and this is my deep conviction, cruelty is, first of all, a product of human indifference and selfishness.

The title of the story refers us to W. Shakespeare's play "Lady Macbeth", where Lady Macbeth's deceit and intrigue elevate her husband to the throne. The desire to achieve primacy makes Lady Macbeth even go beyond murder. Such is Ekaterina Izmailova: being the wife of a rich merchant, she falls in love with Sergei, her employee, and is expecting a child from him. Realizing that very soon her illegal relationship will be exposed, she, with the help of Sergei, kills her husband and father-in-law. And then, in order to remain the only heir to the entire fortune, she goes on to kill Fedya, her husband’s nephew.
We find a character similar to Katerina Izmailova

This is Vasilisa Kostyleva, who persuades the thief Vaska Pepel to kill her husband, old man Kostylev. Vasilisa, married to Kostylev without love, during the years of their life together, was never able to penetrate her husband with at least a sense of respect. The only thing she feels towards him is hatred. The murder of her husband would have freed Vasilisa’s hands, making her the heiress of a small fortune. And she easily decides to kill, calmly explaining her plan to Ash.

a boy picks up a stray dog and brings it home. We see how full of care he is for a lonely, useless dog and how he does not understand his father, who demands that the dog be kicked out of the apartment. It just doesn’t fit into his head that one can offend a defenseless creature who has been offended more than once:

The ending of the story is tragic: having called the gullible dog, the father shoots him in the ear. After reading this, we understand that in fact the father did not kill the dog, or rather not only the dog. First of all, he killed his soul in the child. Thus, the writer argues that the cruelty of an adult can only lead to hatred, to the loss of faith in goodness and justice.

The main character, Lena Bessoltseva, who took responsibility for an ugly act that she did not commit, is humiliated by her classmates in every possible way and even tries to be burned at the stake as a traitor. The cruelty of these still very immature people is truly enormous. She brings Lena unspeakable suffering: she is an outcast in the class, she is despised, hated, demonstrating her attitude in every possible way. But for a teenager, and for a person in general, there is nothing worse than exile and loneliness. The worst thing is that the person who actually committed this act (Lena’s classmate Dima Somov) could not find the strength to confess, and two more classmates, Shmakova and Popov, who accidentally found out the truth, decided not to interfere and see how the matter would end for Lena Bessoltseva. In my opinion, their indifference is even worse than the cowardice of Dima Somov.

Text from the Unified State Examination

(1) Good and evil will give rise to actions specific to the respective cases. (2) Good brings pleasant experiences to others, but evil, on the contrary, wants him to suffer. (3) Do you feel it? (4) Good wants to protect someone from suffering, and evil wants to protect someone from pleasure. (5) Good rejoices in the happiness of others, evil in the suffering of others. (6) Good suffers from someone else’s suffering, and evil suffers from someone else’s happiness. (7) Good is ashamed of its motives, and evil is ashamed of its own. (8) Therefore, good disguises itself as a small evil, and evil disguises itself as a great good. (9) How does this happen, you say? (10) How is this good disguised? (11) Didn’t you really notice?..
(12) This happens every day, every day! (13) Good generously and shyly tries to hide its good motives, reduces them, disguises them as morally negative ones. (14) Or under neutral. (15) “No need for gratitude, it didn’t cost me anything.” (16) “This thing took up extra space, I didn’t know where to put it.” (17) “Don’t be mistaken, I’m not that sentimental, I’m terribly greedy, stingy, and this happened by accident, a whim suddenly came over me. (18) “Take it quickly, before I change my mind.” (19) Good is painful to listen to when people thank him. (20) But evil... (21) This comrade willingly accepts gratitude for his good deeds, even for non-existent ones, and loves to be rewarded loudly and in front of witnesses.
(22) Good is careless, acts without reasoning, and evil is a great professor of morality. (23) And he always gives a good justification for his dirty tricks.
(24) Aren’t you surprised by the harmony and orderliness of these manifestations? (25) How blind people are! (26) However, it is difficult to figure out where is light and where is dark. (27) The light one courageously says: “How light I am, I have a lot of dark spots.” (28) And the dark shouts: “I am all made of silver and the rays of the sun, but who can suspect a flaw in me!” (29) It’s impossible to behave any other way. (30) As soon as he says: “Here I have dark spots, too, the critics will rejoice and start talking. (31) No, you can’t! (32) That it is good to show off one’s virtues and suppress people with one’s nobility, that it is good to talk about one’s dirty tricks—neither one nor the other is unthinkable.
(33) Is a person capable of resisting evil, defeating it, establishing goodness, or, doomed to defeat, must he retreat and suppress his powerlessness?
(34) There is no limit to the improvement of the world, of man, therefore evil can be limited, but ultimately defeated... (35) Hardly. (36) But as long as a person lives, he will strive for good and to curb evil.
(according to V. Dudintsev)

Introduction

Good and evil are two extremes opposed to each other. There is enough of both in the world and it is quite difficult to determine what we are faced with at any given moment. Good is grace, it is self-sacrifice, it is the ability to live correctly, without demanding anything in return. Evil is a lie, a pretense, a desire for one’s own benefit by any means.

Problem

The problem of the collision of good and evil is raised in his text by V. Dudintsev. Reflecting on these two opposing categories, he asks the question: is a person capable of resisting evil, taking the path of good, or is it his fate to powerlessly kneel before evil?

A comment

The author reflects that good and evil give rise to actions appropriate to a given situation. Good sows pleasant feelings, moods and experiences, while evil, on the contrary, causes suffering to people. Good protects from suffering, and evil from happiness. Good is saddened by the misfortunes of others, and evil oppresses the joy of others.

The author is also confident that good and evil are equally ashamed of their motives. Therefore, they disguise them: good presents its motives as random, negative or neutral, and evil presents them as generosity and nobility. Dobro says: “It was not difficult for me.” And evil gladly accepts gratitude for its actions.

Good acts spontaneously, not caring about consequences and benefits, while evil is prudent and cold-blooded, convincing everyone of the goodness of its motives.

It is often difficult for people to understand where good actually is and where evil is. After all, good slanderes itself, convincing everyone that it is not without sin, not without dark spots. Evil, on the contrary, praises itself, convinces of its own innocence and perfection. Neither one nor the other can do otherwise. Otherwise, life will become too obvious and meaningless.

Author's position

V. Dudintsev is convinced that man is constantly improving, just like the world around him. Therefore, there is hope that evil can be limited in its power, but it is unlikely that it will be possible to defeat it completely. However, as long as a person is alive, he will invariably strive for good and to overcome evil.

Your position

I would like to say that the author is wrong, and sooner or later a person will completely defeat evil in his soul and in the world around him. But it is quite obvious that this is not the case. It will not be possible to completely overcome evil, because it is excellent at camouflaging itself, hiding under the guise of goodness and best intentions. This misconception is what primarily prevents humanity from defeating everything dark in our world and building an ideal social system. A lot of people died in the fight against injustice, against evil, against darkness.

Argument No. 1

I remember the image of Danko from M. Gorky’s story “Old Woman Izergil”, who gave his life for the good of his people. In search of light, people wandered through the forest thickets for a long time, losing their way due to darkness. They had already lost heart and began to blame the one who led them - a young and strong man named Danko.

To save the people, Danko tore out his burning heart and began to illuminate their path. When the crowd left the thicket, Danko fell powerless, and one cautious person trampled his heart with his foot.

This is how people repaid the young man for his salvation, for the good that he did for them.

Argument No. 2

Another example that proves the ambiguity of people’s behavior in the name of good, when evil is disguised as good intentions, is Rodion Raskolnikov from the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment".

The hero created a whole theory in which he considered all the points of assistance to those in need. But to achieve an idyll, he had to kill the old pawnbroker and her sick sister, who was carrying a child. As a result, his theory was debunked by him.

Conclusion

It is difficult to imagine a person who evaluates his every action from the standpoint of good or evil. More often we act as our inner self allows us. And each of our actions can be assessed in two ways - by doing good for someone, we can hurt another person. But at the same time, I believe that most of us still strive more for goodness and justice.

The problem of attitude towards the teacher.
We need to be attentive to teachers not only when we are in school, but also when we enter adulthood.
The lines of Andrei Dementiev are immortal:
Don't you dare forget your teachers!
They worry about you and remember you,
And in the silence of thoughtful rooms
They are waiting for your returns and news.

The problem of talent recognition.
I believe that we should be more attentive to talented people.
V. G. Belinsky expressed himself very precisely on this matter: “A true and strong talent will not be killed by the severity of criticism, just as it will not be slightly raised by its greetings.”
Let us remember A. S. Pushkin, I. A. Bunin, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, whose genius was recognized too late. Centuries later, it’s hard to realize that the brilliant poet A.S. Pushkin died in a duel very young. And the society around him is to blame for this. How many great works could we still read if not for Dantes’s villainous bullet?

The problem of language destruction.
I am deeply convinced that improving a language should lead to its enrichment, not degradation.
The words of I. S. Turgenev, the great master of literature, are eternal: “Take care of the purity of the language like a shrine.”
We must learn love for our native language, the ability to perceive it as a priceless gift from the great classics: A. S. Pushkin, M. Yu. Lermontov, I. A. Bunin, L. N. Tolstoy, N. V. Gogol.
And I want to believe that the degradation of the Russian language will be prevented by our literacy, the ability to lovingly read and perceive the best works of the world classics.

The problem of creative search.
It is important for every writer to find his reader.
Vladimir Mayakovsky wrote:
Poetry is the same as radium mining:
Production per gram, labor per year.
You exhaust one word for the sake of
A thousand words of verbal ore.
Life itself helps a writer solve creative problems.
The life of S. A. Yesenin was multifaceted and fruitful.
Writer, director, actor V. M. Shukshin achieved recognition thanks to persistent creative work.

Family savings problem.
I believe that the main function of the family is the continuation of the human race, based on proper upbringing.
A. S. Makarenko expressed himself very precisely about this: “If you gave birth to a child, this means for many years to come you gave him all the tension of your thought, all your attention and all your will.”
I admire the family relationships of the Rostovs, the heroes of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace.” Parents and children here are one. This unity helped to survive in difficult conditions, to become useful to society and the Motherland.
In my deep conviction, the development of humanity begins with a full-fledged family.

The problem of recognition of classical literature.
To recognize classical literature, a certain reading culture is necessary.
Maxim Gorky wrote: “Real life is not much different from a good fantastic fairy tale, if we consider it from the inside, from the side of desires and motives that guide a person in his activities.”
The world classic has gone through a thorny path of recognition. And the real reader is pleased that the works of W. Shakespeare, A. S. Pushkin, D. Defoe, F. M. Dostoevsky, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, A. Dumas, M. Twain, M. A. Sholokhov, Hemingway and many other writers make up the “Golden” fund of world literature.
I believe that there should be a line between political correctness and literature.

The problem of creating children's literature.
In my opinion, children's literature becomes understandable only if it was created by a real master.
Maxim Gorky wrote: “We need a cheerful, funny book that develops a sense of humor in a child.”
Children's literature leaves an indelible mark on every person's life. The works of A. Barto, S. Mikhalkov, S. Marshak, V. Bianki, M. Prishvin, A. Lindgren, R. Kipling made each of us rejoice, worry, and admire.
Thus, children's literature is the first stage of contact with the Russian language.

The problem of saving a book.
For a spiritually developed person, the very essence of reading is important, no matter in what form it is present.
This is the point of view of Academician D.S. Likhacheva: “... try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without...”
The meaning of the book will not be lost if it is presented in electronic form, as modern writers do. This saves time and makes any work accessible to many people.
Thus, each of us needs to learn how to read correctly and learn how to use a book.

The problem of raising faith.
I believe that faith in a person should be cultivated from childhood.
I was deeply touched by the words of the scientist and spiritual figure Alexander Men, who said that a person needs faith “... in the Highest, in the Ideal.”
We begin to believe in goodness from childhood. How much light, warmth, and positivity the fairy tales of A. S. Pushkin, Bazhov, Ershov give us.
Reading the text made me think that the sprouts of faith that appeared in childhood multiply significantly in adulthood and help each of us to be more confident.

The problem of unity with nature.
We must understand that the fate of nature is our fate.
The poet Vasily Fedorov wrote:
To save yourself and the world,
We need, without wasting years,
Forget all cults
And enter
Infallible
Cult of nature.
The famous Russian writer V.P. Astafiev in his work “The Fish Tsar” contrasts two heroes: Akim, who unselfishly loves nature, and Goga Gertsev, who predatorily exterminates it. And nature takes revenge: Goga absurdly ends her life. Astafiev convinces the reader that retribution for an immoral attitude towards nature is inevitable.
I would like to end with the words of R. Tagore: “I came to your shore as a stranger; I lived in your house as a guest; I leave you as a friend, O my Earth.”

The problem of attitude towards animals.
Yes, indeed, God’s creature has a soul, and sometimes it understands better than man.
Since childhood, I have loved the story of Gabriel Troepolsky “White Bim Black Ear.” I admire the friendship between the Owner and the dog, who remained devoted until the end of his life. Sometimes you don’t find such friendship among people.
Kindness and humanity emanate from the pages of Antoine Saint-Exupéry’s fairy tale “The Little Prince”. He expressed his main idea with a phrase that became almost a slogan: “We are responsible for those we have tamed.”

The problem of artistic beauty.
In my opinion, artistic beauty is beauty that pierces the heart.
Favorite corner that inspired M.Yu. Lermontov to create real masterpieces of art and literature, was the Caucasus. In the lap of picturesque nature, the poet felt inspired and inspired.
“I greet you, deserted corner, a haven of tranquility, work and inspiration,” A.S. Pushkin wrote with love about Mikhailovsky.
Thus, artistic beauty, invisible, is the lot of creative people.

The problem of attitude towards one's homeland.
A country becomes great because of the people living in it.
Academician D.S. Likhachev wrote: “Love for the Motherland gives meaning to life, transforming life from vegetation into a meaningful existence.”
Homeland is the most sacred thing in a person’s life. It is she who is first thought of in unimaginably difficult situations. During the Crimean War, Admiral Nakhimov, defending Sevastopol, died heroically. He bequeathed to the soldiers to defend the city until the last second.
Let's do what depends on us. And let our descendants say about us: “They loved Russia.”

What does our misfortune teach us?
Compassion and empathy are the result of awareness of one’s misfortunes.
The words of Eduard Asadov make an indelible impression on me:
And if trouble strikes somewhere,
I ask you: with my heart never,
Never turn to stone...
The misfortune that befell Andrei Sokolov, the hero of M. A. Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man,” did not kill the best human qualities in him. After the loss of all his loved ones, he did not remain indifferent to the fate of the little orphan Vanyushka.
M. M. Prishvin’s text made me think deeply about the fact that no misfortune is someone else’s.

The problem with the book.
I think that each book is interesting in its own way.
“Love the book. It will make your life easier, will friendly help you sort out the motley and stormy confusion of thoughts, feelings, events, it will teach you to respect people and yourself, it inspires your mind and heart with a feeling of love for the world, for people,” said Maxim Gorky.
Episodes from the biography of Vasily Makarovich Shukshin are very interesting. Due to difficult living conditions, it was only in his youth, when he entered VGIK, that he was able to become acquainted with the works of the great classics. It was the book that helped him become a wonderful writer, talented actor, director, screenwriter.
The text has already been read, put aside, and I still continue to think about what to do to ensure that we encounter only good books.

The problem of media influence.
I am deeply convinced that modern media should instill in people a moral and aesthetic sense.
D.S. Likhachev wrote about this: “You need to develop intellectual flexibility in yourself in order to understand achievements and be able to separate the fake from the truly valuable.”
I recently read in one of the newspapers that in the 60-70s, the popular magazines “Moscow”, “Znamya”, “Roman-Gazeta” published the best works of young writers and poets. These magazines were loved by many because they helped them live truly and support each other.
So let's learn how to choose useful newspapers and magazines from which we can extract deep meaning.

Communication problem.
In my opinion, every person should strive for sincere communication.
As the poet Andrei Voznesensky said about this well:

The essence of true communication is to give the warmth of your soul to people.
Matryona, the heroine of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor,” lives according to the laws of goodness, forgiveness, and love. She “is that very righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.”
The text has already been read, put aside, and I continue to think about how important it is for each of us to understand the essence of human relationships.

The problem of admiration for the beauty of nature.
In my opinion, the beauty of nature is difficult to explain, it can only be felt.
The text by V. Rasputin echoes the wonderful lines from the poem by Rasul Gamzatov:
There is no falsehood in the songs of clouds and waters,
Trees, grass and every creature of God,
Everything in the world sings with its own voice,
Unlike other voices.
The name “singer of nature” is firmly attached to M. M. Prishvin. His works depict eternal pictures of nature, magnificent landscapes of our vast country. He outlined his philosophical visions of nature in his diary “The Road to a Friend.”
V. Rasputin’s text helped me to understand more deeply that while the sun drinks the dew, while the fish goes to spawn, and the bird builds a nest, the hope is alive in a person that tomorrow will definitely come and, perhaps, will be better than today.

The problem of uncertainty in everyday life.
In my opinion, only stability and solidity will help you be confident in “tomorrow.”
I would like to emphasize T. Protasenko’s thoughts with the words of Eduard Asadov:
Our life is like a narrow light from a flashlight.
And from the ray to the left and to the right -
Darkness: millions of silent years...
Everything that came before us and will come after us,
We are not allowed to see, really.
Shakespeare once said through Hamlet: “Time has dislocated the joint.”
After reading the passage, I realized that it is we who have to set the “dislocated joints” of our time. A complex and difficult process.
The problem of the meaning of life.
I am deeply convinced that a person, when engaging in any type of activity, must be aware of why he is doing it.
A.P. Chekhov wrote: “Deeds are determined by their goals: that work is called great, which has a great goal.”
An example of a person who strived to live his life profitably is Pierre Bezukhov, the hero of L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace.” It is he who is clearly characterized by Tolstoy’s words: “To live honestly, you have to rush, get confused, rush about. To be wrong. Starting and quitting again, and forever struggling and rushing about. And calmness is spiritual meanness.”
Thus, Yu. M. Lotman helped me to realize even more deeply that each of us should have a main goal in life.

The problem of the complexity of literary work.
In my opinion, it is in the writer’s skill to convey to every person the secrets of his native and foreign languages that his talent is manifested.
Eduard Asadov expressed his thoughts about the complexity of literary work: “I try to comprehend myself day and night...”.
I remember that the brilliant Russian poets A.S. Pushkin and M.Yu. Lermontov were wonderful translators.
The text has already been read, put aside, and I continue to reflect on the fact that we should be grateful to those who open up the vast expanses of languages for us.

The problem of personality immortality.
I am deeply convinced that geniuses remain immortal.
A. S. Pushkin dedicated his lines to V. A. Zhukovsky:
His poems are captivatingly sweet
The envious distance of centuries will pass...
The names of people who dedicated their lives to Russia are immortal. These are Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy, Kuzma Minin, Dmitry Pozharsky, Peter 1, Kutuzov, Suvorov, Ushakov, K. G. Zhukov.
I would like to end with the words of Alexander Blok:
Oh, I want to live crazy:
All that exists is to perpetuate,
The impersonal is humanized,
Unfulfilled - make it happen!
The problem of being true to one's word.
A decent person must be honest, first of all, to himself.
Leonid Panteleev has a story “Honestly”. The author tells us a story about a boy who gave his word of honor to stand guard until the changing of the guard. This child had a strong will and a strong word.
“There is nothing stronger than words,” said Meander.

The problem of the role of books in human life.
Meeting a good book is always a joy.
Chingiz Aitmatov: “Goodness in a person must be cultivated, this is the common duty of all people, all generations. This is the task of literature and art.”
Maxim Gorky said: “Love the book. It will make your life easier, will help you in a friendly way sort out the motley and stormy confusion of thoughts, feelings, events, it will teach you to respect people and yourself, it inspires your mind and heart with a feeling of love for the world, for man.”

The problem of spiritual development of personality.
In our opinion, every person should develop spiritually. D. S. Likhachev wrote “Every person, in addition to large “temporary” personal goals, should have one big personal goal...”
In A. S. Griboedov’s work “Woe from Wit,” Chatsky is an example of a spiritually developed personality. Petty interests and empty social life disgusted him. His hobbies and intelligence were significantly higher than the surrounding society.

The problem of attitude towards television programs.
I believe that nowadays it is very difficult to choose the most useful one to watch from hundreds of programs.
In the book “Native Land” D.S. Likhachev wrote about watching television programs: “.. spend your time on what is worthy of this waste. Look with choice."
The most interesting, educational, moral programs, in my opinion, are “Wait for me”, “Clever Men and Smart Girls”, “News”, “Big Races”. These programs teach me to sympathize with people, learn a lot of new things, worry about my country and be proud of it.

The problem of honor.
In my opinion, servility and flattery have not yet been eliminated in our society.
In A.P. Chekhov’s work “Chameleon,” the police chief changed his behavior depending on who he was communicating with: he bowed to the official and humiliated the worker.
In N.V. Gogol’s work “The Inspector General,” the entire elite, together with the mayor, tries to please the inspector, but when it turns out that Khlestakov is not who he says he is, all the noble people freeze in a silent scene.

The problem of alphabet distortion.
I believe that unnecessary distortion of the written form leads to disruption of the functioning of language.
Even in ancient times, Cyril and Methodius created an alphabet. On May 24, Russia celebrates the Day of Slavic Literature. This speaks of the pride of our people in Russian writing.

The problem of education.
In my opinion, the benefits of education are judged by the end results.
“Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness,” says a Russian folk proverb.
The political figure N.I. Pirogov said: “Most of the most educated among us will truly say nothing more than that learning is only a preparation for real life.”

The problem of honor.
In my opinion, the word “honor” has not lost its meaning today.
D. S. Likhachev wrote: “Honor, decency, conscience are qualities that should be valued.”
The story of the hero of A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter” Pyotr Grinev is confirmation that a person is given the strength to live correctly by fulfilling his duty, the ability to take care of his honor and dignity, respecting himself and others, preserving his spiritual human qualities.

The problem of the purpose of art.
I believe that art should have an aesthetic purpose.
V.V. Nabokov said: “What we call art, in essence, is nothing more than the picturesque truth of life, you need to be able to capture it, that’s all.”
The great creations of true artists are recognized throughout the world. It is not for nothing that paintings by Russian artists Levitan and Kuindzhi are exhibited in the Louvre art museum in Paris.

The problem of changing the Russian language.
In my opinion, the role of the Russian language depends on ourselves.
“Before you is a community - the Russian language. Deep pleasure is calling you. Pleasure will be immersed in all its immeasurability and you will feel its wonderful laws...” wrote N.V. Gogol.
“Take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this is a treasure, this is an asset passed on to us by our predecessors, among whom Pushkin again shines! Handle this powerful tool with respect; in the hands of skilled people it is able to perform miracles... Take care of the purity of the language as if it were a shrine!” - I. S. Turgenev called.

The problem of human responsiveness.
Reading this text, you remember your own examples.
Once upon a time, an unfamiliar woman helped my parents and I find the right address in the city of Belgorod, although she was in a hurry about her business. And her words stuck in my memory: “In our age, we just help each other, otherwise we will turn into animals.”
The heroes of A.P. Gaidar’s work “Timur and His Team” are immortal. Guys who selflessly provide help help to form a moral and aesthetic sense. The main thing is to cultivate a bright soul, a desire to help people and understand who to be in this life.

The problem of remembering native places.
Sergei Yesenin has wonderful lines:
Low house with blue shutters
I will never forget you, -
Were too recent
Sounded out in the twilight of the year.
I. S. Turgenev spent the last years of his life abroad. He died in the French city of Bougeval in 1883. Before his death, the seriously ill writer turned to his friend Yakov Polonsky: “When you are in Spassky, bow from me to the house, the garden, my young oak tree - my homeland, which I will probably never see again.
Reading the text helped me to understand more deeply that nothing could be more valuable than my native places, my homeland, and a lot is invested in this concept.

Problem of conscience.
I believe that the most important decoration of a person is a clear conscience.
“Honour, decency, conscience are qualities that should be valued,” wrote D. S. Likhachev.
Vasily Makarovich Shukshin has a film story “Kalina Krasnaya”. The main character Yegor Prokudin, a former criminal, cannot forgive himself in his heart for bringing a lot of grief to his mother. When meeting an elderly woman, he cannot admit that he is her son.
Reading the text made me think deeply about the fact that no matter what situations we find ourselves in, we must not lose our human face and our dignity.

The problem of individual freedom and responsibility to society.
Everyone must be aware of their responsibility to society. This is confirmed by the lines written by Yu. Trifonov: “Every person bears a reflection of history. It scorches some with a bright, hot and menacing light, on others it is barely noticeable, barely warm, but it exists on everyone.”
Academician D.S. Likhachev said: “If a person lives to bring good to people, alleviate their suffering from illness, give people joy, then he evaluates himself at the level of his humanity.”
Chingiz Aitmatov said about freedom: “Freedom of the individual and society is the most important unchangeable goal and the most important meaning of existence, and nothing can be more important in historical terms, this is the most important thing for progress, and therefore the welfare of the state.”

The problem of patriotism.
“Love for the Motherland gives meaning to life, transforming life from vegetation into a meaningful existence,” wrote D. S. Likhachev.
The exploits of the older generation during the Great Patriotic War confirm that the Motherland is the most sacred thing in a person’s life. One cannot remain indifferent when reading Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...” about young girls anti-aircraft gunners who died defending their native land from the enemy.
A real soldier who selflessly loves his homeland is Nikolai Pluzhnikov, the hero of Boris Vasiliev’s story “Not on the Lists.” Until the last minute of his life, he defended the Brest Fortress from the Nazis.
“A person cannot live without his homeland, just as he cannot live without a heart,” wrote K. G. Paustovsky.

The problem of choosing a profession.
V. G. Belinsky is the author of the lines: “Find your way, find out your place - this is everything for a person, this will become you for him.”
Only then will a person be passionate about his work if he does not make a mistake in choosing a profession. D. S. Likhachev wrote: “You must be passionate about your profession, your business, those people to whom you directly provide help (this is especially necessary for a teacher and a doctor), and those to whom you bring help “from afar”, without seeing them.”

The role of mercy in human life.
Russian poet G. R. Derzhavin said:
Who does not harm and does not offend,
And he does not repay evil with evil:
Sons will see their sons
And there is every good thing in life.
And F. M. Dostoevsky owns the following lines: “Not accepting a world in which even one child’s tear is shed.”

The problem of cruelty and humanism towards animals.
Kindness and humanity emanate from the pages of Antoine Saint-Exupéry’s fairy tale “The Little Prince”. He expressed his main idea with a phrase that became almost a slogan: “We are responsible for those we have tamed.”
Chingiz Aitmatov’s novel “The Scaffold” warns us about a universal human misfortune. The main characters of the novel, wolves - Akbara and Tashchainar, die due to human fault. All nature perished in their face. Therefore, people face an inevitable execution.
Reading the text made me think about the fact that we should learn devotion, understanding, and love from animals.

The problem of the complexity of human relationships.
The great Russian writer L.N. Tolstoy wrote: “There is life only if you live for others.” In “War and Peace” he reveals this idea, showing, using the example of Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov, what real life is.
And S.I. Ozhegov said: “Life is the activity of man and society, in one or another of its manifestations.”

The problem of the relationship between “fathers and children”.
B. P. Pasternak said: “The violator of love for one’s neighbor is the first among people to betray himself...”
Writer Anatoly Aleksin describes the conflict between generations in his story “Division of Property.” “Sueing your mother is the most unnecessary thing on earth,” this is what the judge says to a man-son who is suing his mother for property.
Each of us needs to learn to do good. Do not cause trouble or pain to loved ones.

The problem of friendship.
V.P. Nekrasov wrote: “The most important thing in friendship is the ability to understand and forgive.”
A.S. Pushkin characterized true friendship this way: “My friends, our union is wonderful! He, like a soul, is indivisible and eternal.”

The problem of jealousy.
Jealousy is a feeling uncontrollable by the mind, forcing one to commit thoughtless actions.
In M. A. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don,” Stepan brutally beats his wife Aksinya, who for the first time truly fell in love with Grigory Melekhov.
In L.N. Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina, her husband's jealousy leads Anna to suicide.
I think everyone should strive to be able to understand a loved one and find the courage to forgive them.

What is true love?
Marina Tsvetaeva has wonderful lines:
Like the right and left hand -
Your soul is close to my soul.
K. D. Ryleev has a historical thought about Natalya Borisovna Dolgorukaya, daughter of Field Marshal Sheremetyev. She did not leave her fiancé, who had lost his will, titles, and fortune, and followed him into exile. After the death of her husband, the twenty-eight-year-old beauty took monastic vows as a nun. She said: “Love is secret, sacred, it has no end.”

The problem of art perception.
The words of L. N. Tolstoy in art are true: “Art performs the work of memory: it selects from the stream the most vivid, exciting, significant and imprints this in the crystals of books.”
And V.V. Nabokov said this: “What we call art, in essence, is nothing more than the picturesque truth of life; you need to be able to catch it, that’s all.”

The problem of intelligence.
D. S. Likhachev wrote: “... intelligence is equal to moral health, and health is needed to live long, not only physically, but also mentally.”
I consider the great writer A.I. Solzhenitsyn to be a truly intelligent person. He lived a difficult life, but until the end of his days he remained physically and morally healthy.

The problem of nobility.
Bulat Okudzhava wrote:
Conscience, Nobility and Dignity - This is our holy army.
Extend your palm to him, You won’t be afraid for him even into the fire.
His face is high and amazing. Dedicate your short life to him.
You may not become a winner, but you will die like a person.
The greatness of morality and nobility are components of the feat. In Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s work “Not on the Lists,” Nikolai Pluzhnikov remains a man in any situation: in a relationship with the woman he loves, under continuous German bombing. This is true heroism.

The problem of beauty.
Nikolai Zabolotsky reflects on beauty in his poem “The Ugly Girl”: “Is she a vessel in which there is emptiness or a fire flickering in the vessel?”
True beauty is spiritual beauty. L.N. Tolstoy convinces us of this, drawing images of Natasha Rostova Marya Bolkonskaya in the novel “War and Peace”.

The problem of happiness.
Wonderful lines about happiness from the poet Eduard Asadov:
See the beauty in the ugly,
See the river floods in the streams!
Who knows how to be happy on weekdays,
He really is a happy man.
Academician D.S. Likhachev wrote: “Happiness is achieved by those who strive to make others happy and are able to forget about their interests and themselves, at least for a while.”

The problem of growing up.
When a person begins to realize his involvement in solving important life problems, he begins to grow up.
The words belonging to K. D. Ushinsky are true: “The purpose in life is the core of human dignity and human happiness.”
And the poet Eduard Asadov said this:
If you grow up, then from your youth,
After all, you mature not in years, but in deeds.
And everything that I didn’t have time to reach thirty,
Then, most likely you won’t have time.

The problem of education.
A. S. Makarenko wrote: “Our entire education system is the implementation of the slogan about attention to people. About attention not only to his interests, his needs, but also to his duty.”
S. Ya. Marshak has the lines: “Let your mind be kind, and your heart be smart.”
A teacher who has made his “heart smart” towards his pupil will achieve the desired result.

What is the meaning of human life
The famous Russian poet A. Voznesensky said:
The more we tear from our hearts,
The more it remains in our hearts.
The heroine of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor” lives according to the laws of goodness, forgiveness, and love. Matryona gives the warmth of her soul to people. She “is that very righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours.”
The problem of learning.
Happy is the person who has a teacher in his life
For Altynai, the heroine of Chingiz Aitmatov’s story “The First Teacher,” Duishen was the teacher to whom “... in the most difficult moments of her life” she held an answer and “... did not dare to retreat” in the face of difficulties.
A person for whom the teaching profession is a vocation is Lidia Mikhailovna V. Rasputina “French Lessons”. It was she who became the main person for her student, whom he remembered all his life.

The problem of the importance of work in human life.
The moral value of each of us is measured in a person's attitude to work.
K. D. Ushinsky said: “Self-education, if it wishes a person happiness, should educate him not for happiness, but prepare him for the work of life.”
And the Russian proverb says: “Without labor, you cannot take a fish out of the pond.”
According to V. A. Sukhomlinsky: “Work is necessary for a person just like food, it must be regular, systematic.”

The problem of self-restraint.
Human needs must be limited. A person must be able to manage himself.
In “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish” by A.S. Pushkin, the old woman lost everything that the Goldfish helped her acquire, because her desires exceeded the necessary limit.
The Russian folk proverb is true: “Better is a bird in the hand than a crane in the sky.”

The problem of indifference.
Unfortunately, many people live by the proverb: “My house is on the edge - I don’t know anything.”
The rightness of the author is confirmed by the famous statement of Bruno Yasensky: “Fear the indifferent - they do not kill, but only with their tacit consent does betrayal and murder exist on earth.”

It seems to me that people do not fully understand what kindness is. They enjoy watching videos on the Internet about good deeds, putting pluses under cute pictures, but that’s all it is. This situation is deplorable. But it can be fixed.

What is kindness? I think this is sacrifice. You don't just do things for the benefit of people, but you put their interests first.

It's complicated. You need to get out of your comfort zone, take care of someone the way you would take care of yourself.

Kindness is the ability to see need. There is no need to wait for someone to ask for help. It is worth being vigilant all the time so as not to miss a person in need.

If you walk on the street for about 20 minutes, you are sure to see homeless people. Today there are thousands of them. But they could have families, homes, work, study, and be happy. Something happened and everything ended. We shouldn't judge them. We don't know what they went through. We were not in their shoes. Each of us can buy bread and sausage once a week and give it to the homeless. For us this is nonsense, but for him it will be a ray of hope that he was noticed.

As for examples of kindness, I am fascinated by Natasha Rostova. She is amazing. The woman grew up in love. She retained the best human qualities. She can be used as an example to many.

Let's preserve and develop kindness. Let's love and protect. Otherwise, how do we differ from animals?

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