Box statesman. Getting to know Korobochka, Gogol “Dead Souls”

1. Tell us how and why Chichikov got to Korobochka, because he was going to Sobakevich, whom he met in the city? (Answer yourself.)

2. What is the meaning of the romantic beginning of the chapter about Korobochka (night, thunder, rain)? (Here comes Gogol’s style of writing, which tends towards contrasts - a romantic beginning and a prosaic denouement: Chichikov finds himself in the prosaic life of Nastasya Petrovna Korobochka. In addition, the chapter about Korobochka is given in contrast with the chapter telling about Manilov. This is a feature of the composition of the poem. Let us add that the following the chapters telling about Nozdrev and Sobakevich are also constructed in contrast.)

3. What detail in the description of the village indicates the thriftiness of the landowner Korobochka? (The abundance of dogs in the village suggests that Korobochka cares about the safety of her fortune. “Just by the barking of dogs, composed of such musicians, one could assume that the village was decent...”)

4. How does Gogol emphasize the typicality of Korobochka? (Reading an excerpt from the words: “A minute later the hostess came in... one of those mothers, small landowners...")

5. Read and compare two portraits of Korobochka. (In the portrait of Korobochka, almost identical details of clothing are repeated, but Gogol does not pay attention to the face and eyes, as if they were not there. This also emphasizes the lack of spirituality of a person. Gogol will repeat this principle of describing appearance several times in the poem.)

6. After examining the text of the chapter, talk about what traits make up the “core” of Korobochka’s character. Pay attention to the description of the room, the view from the window, the description of the village. (The box is neat and economical. She saves and saves money in colorful bags and is well versed in housekeeping, thrifty, but nevertheless she is also a dead soul.

In terms of her mental development, Korobochka seems lower than all the other landowners. Limitations, “club-headedness,” according to Chichikov’s definition, know no bounds.

If Manilov “floats” above the earth in dreams, then she is absorbed in the prose of everyday earthly existence. Manilov does not know farming - she plunged into it headlong. Unlike Manilov, she takes care of her farm herself and enters into direct communication with the peasants, which is reflected in her speech, which is close to peasant dialect.

Korobochka is a hospitable, hospitable hostess: she regrets that it’s already late and it’s impossible to cook something to eat, but she offers to “drink tea.” They prepared a bed for Chichikov “almost to the ceiling”, offered to scratch his heels at night, in the morning he was offered a “snack” - reading an excerpt from the words: “Chichikov looked around and saw that there were already mushrooms and pies on the table...”

Let us pay attention to the fact that Korobochka treats Chichikov exclusively to flour dishes. This is understandable: meat is expensive, she will not kill cattle.

Find out what Korobochka treated Chichikov to. What are “skorodumki”, “pryagly”, “snyatok”, “shanishki”, “flat cakes with all sorts of toppings” (see “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V.I. Dahl)?

How did Korobochka react to Chichikov’s proposal to sell dead souls?

Is it only the fear of miscalculation that explains her reluctance to sell them to Chichikov? (The whole character of Korobochka, her whole nature is reflected in her behavior when selling dead souls. A complete lack of understanding of the meaning of this transaction, the fear of selling too cheap and being deceived when selling a “strange, completely unprecedented product”, the desire to “measure up” to market prices, stupidity, lack of understanding - all the character traits of the “club-headed” landowner, brought up by a long lonely life (“inexperienced widowhood”) and the need to independently resolve all issues, came to light in the deal with Chichikov.

The reluctance to sell Chichikov’s souls is also explained by the fact that all her life she has strived for hoarding, and therefore believes that they “will somehow be needed on the farm just in case.”

She is stubborn and suspicious. She is puzzled, however, by the penny benefit. And she doesn’t know how to manage a penny; they lie in her bags like dead weight.

So she was not far from Manilov, who also could not understand Chichikov’s “negotiations.”)

8. What is the meaning of the surname Korobochka? (The landowner is really enclosed in a “box” of her space and concepts. For example, about Sobakevich she says that there is no such thing in the world, on the grounds that she has not heard of him.)

9. Compare Chichikov’s behavior in chapters I and II. What new is revealed to us in the hero? (Chichikov does not stand on ceremony with Korobochka, perhaps because she is a widow, a “college secretary,” which equals grade 10 in the “Table of Ranks.”)

Edited by E. A. ZININA

NATIONAL

EDUCATION
LITERATURE

FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS

STATE FINAL CERTIFICATION

LITERATURE

STANDARD EXAMINATION OPTIONS

Edited by E. A. ZININA

20 OPTIONS

NATIONAL

EDUCATION

Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements

E.A. Zinina, JI.B. Novikova, A.V. Fedorov

GIA-2012. Literature: standard exam options: G 46 20 options / ed. E.A. Zinina. - M.: National Education, 2011. - 144 p. - (GIA-2012. FIPI - school).

ISBN 978-5-491-00074-6

Series “GIA-2012. FIPI - school* was prepared by the developers of control measurement materials. The collection contains:

• 
  20 updated model exam options to prepare for the 2012 exam;
• 
  examination paper with comments;
• 
  criteria for checking and assessing assignments.

Teachers can use standard exam options to intensively prepare students for the State Examination, monitor the level of knowledge, and plan a system of preparation for the State Examination.

UDC 373.167 BBK 83/84ya72

ISBN 978-5-491-00074-6
© Federal State Scientific Institution "Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements", 2011 © LLC "National Education", 2011

LITERATURE 1

Instructions for performing work 14

OPTIONS FOR CONTROL MEASURING MATERIALS 15

Examination paper 1 15

Option 1 15

Option 2 19

Examination paper 2 23

Option 1 23

Option 2 26

Examination paper 3 30

Option 1 30

Option 2 33

Examination paper 4 37

Option 1 37

Option 2 42

Examination paper 5 Part 1 44

Option 1 44

Option 2 47

Examination paper 6 52

Option 1 52

Option 2 55

Examination paper 7 58

Option 1 58

Option 2 60

Examination paper 8 62

Option 1 62

Option 2 66

Examination paper 9 70

Option 1 70

Option 2 75

Examination paper 10 78

Option 1 78

Option 2 81

Examination paper 11 84

Option 1 84

Option 2 88

Examination paper 12 94

Part 2 101

Examination paper 13 102

Part 1 102

Option 1 102

Option 2 104

Part 2 106

Examination paper 14 108

Part 1 108

Option 1 108

Option 2 110

Part 2 112

Examination paper 15 113

Part 1 113

Option 1 113

Part 2 117

Examination paper 16 118

Part 1 118

Option 2 120

Part 2 122

Examination paper 17 123

Part 1 123

Option 1 123

Option 2 126

Part 2 128

Examination paper 18 129

Part 1 129

Option 1 129

Option 2 131

Part 2 133

Examination paper 19 135

Part 1 135

Option 1 135

Option 2 137

Part 2 140

Examination paper 20 141

DEMONSTRATION OPTION 2012 141

Part 1 141

Option 1 141

Option 2 145

Part 2 147

Examination paper with comments on tasks 148

DEMONSTRATION EXAMINATION PAPER 2011 WITH COMMENTS 151

Part 1 151

Option 1 151

Option 2 157

Part 2 160

Evaluation system for examination work in literature 162

Introduction

The examination model for literature differs in a number of fundamental positions from examination models for other subjects. It does not contain multiple-choice tasks: the experiment on introducing the Unified State Exam has convincingly shown that this type of tasks does not correspond to the specifics of the subject. However, the KIM for 9th grade graduates does not include short-answer tasks, although this type of task is actively used in the Unified State Examination in literature. At this stage of training, it seems inappropriate to directly formulate questions that reveal students’ knowledge of literary facts and their level of proficiency in literary terminology. The examinee indirectly uses this layer of content of the academic subject when writing detailed answers (among the criteria for evaluating student work there is the following item: “if necessary, appropriately uses theoretical and literary concepts”).

The examination work is designed for graduates of the 9th grade of educational institutions of various types (schools, gymnasiums, lyceums), including classes with in-depth study of literature. The structure of the examination paper meets the goal of building a system of differentiated education in a modern school: it reveals the degree to which graduates have mastered the compulsory (basic) part of the literature program, provides information about the increased level of preparation of a ninth-grader in literature, allows one to draw conclusions about the examinee’s literary abilities and his readiness to study literature in senior classes in the humanities.

The examination work is structured taking into account the principle of variability: examinees are given the right to choose one of two options for Part 1, as well as one of four tasks for Part 2.

The system for assessing individual tasks and examination work as a whole was created taking into account the requirements of the theory and practice of pedagogical measurements, the specifics of the subject, and the age characteristics of ninth-graders.

You can get a comprehensive idea of ​​the features of the 2012 literature examination model by reading the documents regulating the development of CMMs posted on the FIPI website.

The proposed collection includes 20 options for control measuring materials. Some options are based on open examination material from previous years. These CMM options strictly comply with the codifier, which includes the following content elements:

• 
  "The Tale of Igor's Campaign."
• 
  M.V. Lomonosov. “Ode on the day of accession to the All-Russian throne of Her Majesty Empress Elisaveta Petrovna, 1747.”
• 
  DI. Fonvizin. Comedy "Minor".
• 
  G.R. Derzhavin. Poems: “Monument”, “To Rulers and Judges”.
• 
  N.M. Karamzin. The story "Poor Lisa".
• 
  I.A. Krylov. Fables: “Leaves and Roots”, “Wolf in the Kennel”, “Quartet”, “Donkey and Nightingale”.

• 
  V.A. Zhukovsky. Poems: “Sea”, “Inexpressible”. Ballads: “Svetlana”, “Forest King”.
• 
  A.S. Griboyedov. Comedy "Woe from Wit".

• 
  M.Yu. Lermontov. Poems: “Sail”, “Death of a Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing field is agitated...”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with a golden finish...”), “Three Palms”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life...”), “Both boring and sad”, “No, it’s not you I love so passionately...”, “Motherland”, “Prophet”, “Clouds”, “Leaf” ", "Angel". Poem "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri". Novel "Hero of Our Time".
• 
  N.V. Gogol. Comedy "The Inspector General". The story "The Overcoat". Poem "Dead Souls".
• 
  A.N. Ostrovsky. One piece of your choice.
• 
  I.S. Turgenev. One story of your choice.
• 
  F.I. Tyutchev. Poems: “The kite rose from the clearing...”, “There is in the primordial autumn...”, “Spring thunderstorm”, “The merry day was still rustling...”, “Winter enchantress...”.
• 
  A.A. Fet. Poems: “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch...”, “The swallows have disappeared...”, “Even more fragrant spring bliss...”, “At dawn, don’t wake her up...” .
• 
  ON THE. Nekrasov. Poems: “Railroad”, “Troika”, “Stuffy! Without happiness and will...”
• 
  M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. Fairy tales: “The Tale of How One Man Fed Two Generals”, “The Wild Landowner”, “The Wise Minnow”.
• 
  F.M. Dostoevsky. One story of your choice.
• 
  L.N. Tolstoy. One story of your choice. The story "After the Ball."
• 
  A.P. Chekhov. Stories: “Death of an Official”, “Chameleon”, “Melancholy”, “Thick and Thin”.
• 
  I.A. Bunin. Stories: “Mowers”, “Tanka”.
• 
  A.A. Block. Poems: “Oh, spring without end and without edge...”, “Oh, I want to live madly”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory...”.
• 
  V.V. Mayakovsky. Poems: “An extraordinary adventure that happened with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “Sitting around”.
• 
  S.A. Yesenin. Poems: “Birch”, “Powder”, “Beloved Land! The heart dreams...”
• 
  M.A. Sholokhov. The story “The Fate of Man.”
• 
  A.T. Tvardovsky. Poem “Vasily Terkin” (chapters: “Crossing”, “Two Soldiers”, “Duel”).
• 
  V.M. Shukshin. Stories: “Cut off”, “Freak”.
• 
  A.I. Solzhenitsyn. The story "Matrenin's yard".
• 
  Prose of the second half of the 20th century. F. Abramov, Ch.T. Aitmatov, V.P. Astafiev, V.I. Belov, V.V. Bykov, F.A. Iskander, Yu.P. Kazakov, V.L. Kondratyev, E.I. Nosov, V.G. Rasputin, A.N. and B.N. Strugatsky, V.F. Tendryakov, V.T. Shalamov. (Works by at least three authors, optional.)
• 
  Poetry of the second half of the 20th century. I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, B.C. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov. (Poems by at least three authors, optional.)

The manual contains 20 standard CMMs corresponding to the Demonstration version of control measuring materials for the state (final) certification (in a new form) in the literature of students who have mastered the basic general education programs of basic general education in 2012.

Instructions for performing the work, which are common to all options, are given at the beginning of the manual.

At the end of the manual there are criteria for checking and evaluating the completion of tasks of various types, as well as comments on the tasks of the 2011 demo version.

The manual will be useful both for students for their self-training and for teachers for organizing monitoring of the level of general education training in literature of 9th grade graduates.

Instructions for performing the work

The examination paper on literature consists of two parts.

IN first part The work involves analyzing a work of art. You need to choose ONE of two options: either an analysis of a fragment of an epic (dramatic, lyric-epic) work, or an analysis of a lyric poem (fable). Be careful: the exam paper does not provide for both options.

Having chosen one of the options for work, read the proposed text and sequentially complete 4 tasks that require writing a detailed answer of a limited scope. When completing the first three tasks (1.1.1-1.1.3 or 1.2.1-1.2.3), try to formulate a direct answer to the question posed (approximate volume - 3-5 sentences) based on the text. Avoid lengthy introductions and characterizations. The fourth task (1.1.4 or 1.2.4) involves not only thinking about the proposed text, but also comparing it with another work or fragment, the text of which is also given in the examination paper (the approximate length of the answer is 5-8 sentences).

Second part The work contains 4 essay topics that require detailed written argumentation. Choose ONE of the topics offered to you and write an essay of at least 200 words, arguing your reasoning and referring to the text of the work of art (if the essay is less than 150 words, then it is scored zero points).

When answering all questions, rely on the author’s position, use the necessary theoretical and literary concepts, and reveal your own vision of the problem.

Write down all exam answers clearly and legibly.

When completing both parts of the examination work, it is allowed to use the full texts of works of art, as well as collections of lyrics.

4 hours (240 minutes) are given to complete the work. We recommend dividing the time this way: to complete the first part (4 tasks for the text) - 90 minutes, to complete the second part (essay) - 150 minutes.

The points you receive for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most points.

We wish you success!

OPTIONS FOR CONTROL MEASURING MATERIALS

Examination paper 1

Part 1

Look through the literary texts proposed in option 1 and option 2 of part 1 of the exam paper and choose the option that you will complete . Only ONE version of Part 1 of the examination paper is assessed. .

Option 1

FRAGMENT OF ACT III SCENE 1 Chatsky

I'm strange, but who isn't?

The one who is like all fools;

Molchalin, for example...

It is noticeable that you are ready to pour out bile on everyone;

And I, so as not to interfere, will avoid here.
Chatsky(holds her)

Wait a minute.

(To the side)

Once in my life I'll pretend.

(Loud)

Let us leave this debate.

I am wrong before Molchalin, I am guilty;

Perhaps he is not the same as three years ago:

There are such transformations on earth

Governments, climates, and morals, and minds,

There are important people who were considered fools:

Different... I'm afraid to name it, but it is recognized by the whole world, Especially in recent years,

That they have become smarter than ever.

Let Molchalin have a lively mind, a brave genius,

But does he have that passion? that feeling? that ardor?

So that, besides you, he has the whole world

Did it seem like dust and vanity?

So that every beat of the heart

Has love accelerated towards you?

So that all his thoughts and all his deeds are

Soul - you, please you?..

I feel it myself, I can’t say it,

But what’s boiling inside me now, worries me, infuriates me,

I wouldn't wish it on my personal enemy,

And he?.. will remain silent and hang his head.

Of course, I’m humble, everyone is not frisky;

God knows what secret is hidden in it;

God knows what you invented for him,

What was his head never full of?

Perhaps your qualities are darkness,

Admiring him, you gave him;

He is not a sinner in anything, you are a hundred times more sinful.

No! No! let him be smart, smarter every hour,

But is he worth you? Here's one question for you.

To make me more indifferent to the loss,

As a person who grew up with you,

As your friend, as your brother,

Let me make sure...

(A.S. Griboedov “Woe from Wit”)

-

1. 1.1

1. 1.2
What, from Sophia’s point of view, is Chatsky’s “strangeness”?

Chatsky is trying to reveal the reasons for Sophia’s affection for Molchalin: “Perhaps your qualities are darkness, // Admiring him, you gave him...” Why does Chatsky put forward this assumption?

How can one explain the fact that Chatsky, after a conversation with Sophia, refuses to believe in her love for Molchalin?

1.1.3
- 5-8 sentences). Find the basis for comparing the presented texts and compare them from the chosen perspective, providing evidence and formulating well-founded conclusions (referring to other episodes of the works is allowed). Rely on the author’s position, use the necessary theoretical and literary concepts, and reveal your own vision of the problem.

1.1.4
Compare Chatsky’s monologue from the given fragment of A.S.’s comedy. Griboyedov “Woe from Wit” with a fragment of the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". What conclusions did this comparison lead you to?

ONEGIN'S LETTER TO TATYANA

I foresee everything: you will be offended by the explanation of the sad secret.

What bitter contempt

Your proud look will portray!

What I want? for what purpose

Will I open my soul to you?

What evil fun

Perhaps I’m giving a reason!

Once I met you by chance,

Noticing a spark of tenderness in you,

I didn't dare believe her:

I didn’t give in to my dear habit;

Your hateful freedom

I didn't want to lose.

One more thing separated us... Lensky fell an unfortunate victim... From everything that is dear to the heart,

Then I tore my heart out;

Stranger to everyone, not bound by anything,

I thought: freedom and peace

Substitute for happiness. My God!

How wrong I was, how I was punished.

No, I see you every minute

Follow you everywhere

A smile of the mouth, a movement of the eyes

To catch with loving eyes,

To listen to you for a long time, to understand with my Soul all your perfection,

To freeze in agony before you,

To turn pale and fade away... that's bliss!

(A.S. Pushkin)

Option 2

1.2.4.

AND BORING AND SAD

And it’s boring and sad, and there’s no one to give a hand to

In a moment of spiritual adversity...

Desires!.., what good is it to wish for in vain and forever?..

And the years pass - all the best years!

Loving... but who?.., for a while - not worth the trouble,

And it is impossible to love forever.

Will you look into yourself? - there is no trace of the past:

And joy, and torment, and everything there is insignificant...

What are passions? - after all, sooner or later their sweet illness Will disappear at the word of reason;

And life, as you look around with cold attention,

Such an empty and stupid joke...

(M.Yu. Lermontov)

1. 2.1

1. 2.2

How does the poem reveal the theme of time? What are the features of the poem's composition?
To complete tasks 1.2.1-1.2.3, first write down the task number in the answer form, and then give a detailed, coherent answer to each question (approximate volume - 3-5 sentences). Argue your point of view using the text of the work. Involve the necessary theoretical and literary concepts, reveal your own understanding of the work.

Why doesn’t the lyrical hero find spiritual support in the values ​​that are named in the poem?

1.2.3
-

1.2.4
Compare the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov “Both Boring and Sad” with the poem below by A.S. Pushkin “A gift in vain, a gift fortuitous...” What conclusions did this comparison lead you to?

***

A vain gift, a random gift, Life, why were you given to me?

Or why fate is a secret

Are you sentenced to death?

Who called me out of insignificance with a hostile power,

Filled my soul with passion, agitated my mind with doubt?.. There is no goal in front of me:

The heart is empty, the mind is idle,

And it makes me sad

The monotonous noise of life.

(A.S. Pushkin)

Part 2

2.1
What content do the heroes of A.S.’s comedy put into the concept of “mind”? Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"?

As in the lyrics of M.Yu. Are Lermontov's theme of love and the motive of loneliness connected?

What moral problems does N.M. pose? Karamzin in the story “Poor Liza”?

What vices does M.E. expose in his satirical tales? Saltykov-Shchedrin?

2.2

2.3
2.4

Examination paper 2

Part 1

Look through the literary texts proposed in option 1 and option 2 of part 1 of the exam paper and choose the option that you will complete. Only ONE version of Part 1 of the examination paper is assessed.

Option 1

Read the text fragment below and complete tasks 1.1.1-1.1.4.

• 
  It’s all God’s will, mother! - said Chichikov, sighing, - nothing can be said against the wisdom of God... Give them up to me, Nastasya Petrovna?
• 
  Who, father?
• 
  Yes, these are all the ones who died.
• 
  But how can we give them up?
• 
  It's that simple. Or perhaps sell it. I'll give you money for them.
• 
  How can that be? I really can't understand it. Do you really want to dig them out of the ground?

• 
  What do you need them for? - said the old woman, widening her eyes at him.
• 
  That's my business.
• 
  But they're dead.
• 
  Who says they are alive? That is why it is at your loss that they are dead: you pay for them, and now I will spare you the hassle and payment. Do you understand? Not only will I deliver you, but on top of that I will give you fifteen rubles. Well, is it clear now?
• 
  “Really, I don’t know,” the hostess said with emphasis. “After all, I’ve never sold dead people before.”
• 
  Still would! It would be more like a miracle if you sold them to someone. Or do you think they actually have any use?
• 
  No, I don’t think so. What's the use of them, there's no use at all. The only thing that bothers me is that they are already dead.

• 
  Listen, mother. Just think carefully: - after all, you are going broke, you are paying taxes for him as if he were alive...

• 
  Well, you see, mother. Now just take into account that you no longer need to butter up the assessor, because now I’m paying for them; I, not you; I accept all responsibilities. I will even make a fortress with my own money, do you understand that?

• 
  So, mother, deal with each other, or what? - said Chichikov.
• 
  Really, my father, it has never happened before that they sold me dead people. I gave up the living ones, so I gave two girls to the archpriest for a hundred rubles each, and I thanked them very much, they turned out to be such nice workers: they weave napkins themselves.
• 
  Well, it’s not about the living; God be with them. I ask the dead.
• 
  Really, I’m afraid at first, lest I somehow incur a loss. Maybe you, my father, are deceiving me, but they... they are somehow worth more.
• 
  Listen, mother... oh, what you are! what can they cost? Consider: this is dust. Do you understand? it's just dust. You take any worthless, last thing, for example, even a simple rag, and the rag has a price: at least they will buy it for a paper factory, but this is not needed for anything. Well, tell me yourself, what is it for?
• 
  This is definitely true. There’s absolutely no need for anything; But the only thing stopping me is that they are already dead.

(N.V. Gogol “Dead Souls”)

To complete tasks 1.1.1-1.1.3, first write down the task number in the answer form, and then give a detailed coherent answer to each question (approximate volume - 3-5 sentences). Argue your point of view using the given fragment (referring to other episodes of the work is allowed). Rely on the author’s position, use the necessary theoretical and literary concepts, and reveal your own vision of the problem.

1. 1.1
What are the reasons for the difficulties experienced by Chichikov when concluding a deal with Korobochka?

1 . 1.2

1.1.3
What is the point of comparing Korobochka with a “statesman”?

What place is given to Korobochka in the system of images of N.V.’s poem? Gogol's "Dead Souls"?

To complete task 1.1.4, first write down the task number in the answer form, and then give a detailed, coherent answer (approximate volume - 5-8 sentences). Find the basis for comparing the presented texts and compare them from the chosen perspective, providing evidence and formulating well-founded conclusions (referring to other episodes of the works is allowed). Rely on the author’s position, use the necessary theoretical and literary concepts, reveal your own vision of the problem .

1.1.4
Compare the dialogue between Chichikov and Korobochka from the given fragment of the poem

N.V. Gogol’s “Dead Souls” with a fragment of the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". What conclusions did this comparison lead you to?

• 
  “If I had a herd of a thousand mares,” said Azamat, “I would give you everything for your Karagez.”
• 
  “Yok, I don’t want to,” Kazbich answered indifferently.
• 
  Listen, Kazbich,” Azamat said, caressing him, “you are a kind man, you are a brave horseman, but my father is afraid of the Russians and does not let me into the mountains; give me your horse, and I will do everything you want, I will steal for you from your father his best rifle or saber, whatever you want - and his saber is a real gourde: put the blade to your hand, it will stick into your body; and chain mail is like yours, it doesn’t matter.

• 
  “The first time I saw your horse,” Azamat continued, when he was spinning and jumping under you, flaring his nostrils, and flints flew in splashes from under his hooves, something incomprehensible happened in my soul, and since then everything has changed for me. I was disgusted: I looked at my father’s best horses with contempt, I was ashamed to appear on them, and melancholy took possession of me; and, melancholy, I sat on the cliff for whole days, and every minute your black horse with its slender gait, with its smooth, straight, like an arrow, ridge appeared in my thoughts; he looked into my eyes with his lively eyes, as if he wanted to say a word. I will die, Kazbich, if you don’t sell it to me! - Azamat said in a trembling voice.

In response to his tears, something like laughter was heard.

Listen! - Azamat said in a firm voice, - you see, I decide on everything. Do you want me to steal my sister for you? How she dances! how he sings! and he embroiders with gold - a miracle! The Turkish padishah never had such a wife... If you want, wait for me tomorrow night in the gorge where the stream runs: I will go with her past to the neighboring village - and she is yours. Isn't Bela worth your steed?

For a long, long time Kazbich was silent; Finally, instead of answering, he began to sing an old song in a low voice:

There are many beauties in our villages,

The stars shine in the darkness of their eyes.

It is sweet to love them, an enviable lot;

But valiant will is more fun.

Gold will buy four wives

A dashing horse has no price:

He won’t lag behind the whirlwind in the steppe,

He won't change, he won't deceive.

In vain Azamat begged him to agree, and cried, and flattered him, and swore; Finally Kazbich impatiently interrupted him:

• 
  Go away, you crazy boy! Where should you ride my horse? In the first three steps he will throw you off, and you will smash the back of your head on the rocks.

Option 2

Read the poem below and complete tasks 1.2.1-

1.2.4.

THE UNSPEAKABLE

Excerpt

What is our earthly language compared to wondrous nature?

With what careless and easy freedom

She scattered beauty everywhere

And diversity agreed with unity!

But where, what brush painted it?

Barely one of her features

With effort you will be able to catch inspiration...

But is it possible to transfer living things to the dead?

Who could recreate a creation in words? Is the inexpressible subject to expression?.. Holy sacraments, only the heart knows you.

Is it not often at the majestic hour

Evening land of transformation -

When the troubled soul is full

By the prophecy of a great vision

And carried away into the boundless, -

A painful feeling lingers in my chest,

2 Zak. 2276
We want to keep the beautiful in flight,

We want to give a name to the unnamed -

And art is silent and exhausted?

What is visible to the eye is this flame of clouds,

Flying across the quiet sky,

This trembling of shining waters,

These pictures of the shores

In the fire of a magnificent sunset -

These are such striking features -

They are easily caught by the winged thought,

And there are words for their brilliant beauty.

But what is fused with this brilliant beauty,

This is so vague, disturbing us,

This one listened to by one soul

Enchanting voice

This is for a distant aspiration,

This past hello

(Like a sudden blow

From the meadow of the homeland, where there was once a flower,

Holy youth, where hope lived),

This memory whispered to the soul

About sweet joyful and sorrowful times of old,

This shrine descending from on high,

This presence of the Creator in creation -

What is their language?.. The soul flies with grief,

Everything immensity is crowded into a single sigh,

And only silence speaks clearly.

(VL. Zhukovsky)

To complete tasks 1.2.1-1.2.3, first write down the task number in the answer form, and then give a detailed, coherent answer to each question (approximate volume - 3-5 sentences). Argue your point of view using the text of the work. Involve the necessary theoretical and literary concepts, reveal your own understanding of the work.

1.2.1 How does the poem depict the connection between nature and poetic creativity?

1.2.2 Why does the lyrical hero of the poem often resort to rhetorical questions?

1.2.3 How do you understand the meaning of the last line of the poem?

To complete task 1.2.4, first write down the task number in the answer form, and then give a detailed, coherent answer (approximate volume - 5-8 sentences). Find the basis for comparing the presented texts and compare them from the chosen perspective, providing evidence and formulating well-founded conclusions. Involve the necessary theoretical and literary concepts, reveal your own understanding of the works.

1.2.4
Compare the poem by V.A. Zhukovsky “The Inexpressible” with the poem below by A.A. Feta “How poor our language is! “I want to but I can’t...” What conclusions did this comparison lead you to?

How poor is our language! - I want to, but I can’t. -

This cannot be conveyed to either friend or enemy,

What rages in the chest like a transparent wave. In vain is the eternal languor of hearts,

And the venerable sage bows his head

Before this fatal lie.

Only you, poet, have a winged sound

Grabs on the fly and fastens suddenly

And the dark delirium of the soul, and the unclear smell of herbs;

So, for the boundless, leaving the meager valley,

An eagle flies beyond the clouds of Jupiter,

Carrying an instant sheaf of lightning in faithful paws.

(A.L. Fet)

Part 2

What are the main themes and motives of V.A.’s romantic poetry? Zhukovsky?

What is the meaning of the title of D.I.’s comedy? Fonvizin "Minor"?

How does the lyrical hero of V.V.’s poetry appear? Mayakovsky?

To complete the task of part 2, select only ONE of the proposed essay topics (2.1-2.4). In the answer form, indicate the number of the topic you have chosen, and then write an essay of at least 200 words (if the essay is less than 150 words, then it is scored zero points). Rely on the text of literary works, take into account the position of the author, use the necessary theoretical and literary concepts, and reveal your own vision of the problem. In an essay on lyrics, it is necessary to analyze at least two poems.

2.1
2.3
2.4

We meet Korobochka in the 3rd chapter of Gogol’s novel-poem “Dead Souls”. She is the second person Chichikov pays a visit to. In fact, Chichikov stopped by her estate by accident - the coachman got drunk, “played around,” as the author himself characterizes this event, and lost his way. Therefore, instead of Sobakevich, the main character meets the landowner Korobochka.

Let's look at the image of the Box in detail

She is a woman of respectable years, a widow, and a former “college secretary.” She lives alone on her estate and is completely absorbed in running the household. Most likely, she does not have her own children, since Gogol, in his description of the character, mentions that all her “trash” accumulated during her life will go to some great-niece.

It looks old-fashioned and a little ridiculous, “wearing a cap,” “flannel,” “something tied around the neck.”

Korobochka, unlike Manilov, successfully runs the farm herself. Through the eyes of Chichikov we see that the houses in her village are strong, the serf men are “hefty” (strong), there are many guard dogs, which indicates that this is a “decent village”. The yard is full of poultry, and behind the fence there are vegetable gardens - cabbage, beets, onions, potatoes. There are also fruit trees, carefully covered with nets from voracious magpies and sparrows. Stuffed animals were also installed for the same purpose. Gogol ironically notes that one of the stuffed animals was wearing the cap of the owner herself.

The peasants' houses were maintained and updated - Chichikov saw new planks on the roofs, gates stood straight everywhere, and there were carts in some courtyards. That is, the owner's care is visible everywhere. In total, Korobochka has 80 serfs, 18 died, which the owner greatly laments - they were good workers.

Korobochka does not allow the serfs to be lazy - Chichikov’s feather bed was expertly fluffed, in the morning, when he returns to the living room where he spent the night, everything is already tidied up; the table is full of baked goods.

The fact that the landowner has order all around and everything is under her personal control, we see from the dialogue about the purchase of dead souls - she remembers all the dead peasants by first and last names, she doesn’t even keep any records.

Despite the fact that Korobochka loves to complain about how bad things are, her estate also had surpluses that were sold to merchants and resellers. From the dialogue with Chichikov, we learn that the landowner sells honey, hemp, feathers, meat, flour, cereals, and lard. She knows how to bargain, sells a pound of honey at a very high price, as much as 12 rubles, which Chichikov is very surprised by.

Nastasya Petrovna is thrifty and even a little stingy. Despite the fact that things are going well at the estate, the furnishings in the house are very modest, the wallpaper is old, the clock is creaky. Despite polite treatment and hospitality, Korobochka did not offer the guest dinner, citing the late hour. And in the morning he offers Chichikov only tea, albeit with fruit infusion. Only after feeling the benefit - when Chichikov promised to buy “household products” from her - Korobochka decided to appease him and ordered him to bake a pie and pancakes. She also set the table with various pastries.

Gogol writes that her “dress will not burn and will not fray on its own.” Complaining about poverty and crop failures, she nevertheless puts money into “motley bags”, which she stuffs into dresser drawers. All coins are carefully sorted - “rules, fifty rubles, devils” are laid out separately in bags. The old landowner tries to find benefit in everything - noticing Chichikov’s stamped paper, she asks him to “give him a piece of paper.”

The box is pious and superstitious. During a thunderstorm, he puts a candle in front of the icon and prays; gets scared when Chichikov mentions the devil in conversation.

She is not very smart and a little suspicious, she is very afraid of making a mistake and selling herself short. She doubts the deal with Chichikov and does not want to sell him dead souls, even though she has to pay for them as if they were alive. He naively thinks that other merchants can come and offer a better price. This deal completely exhausted Chichikov, and during the negotiations he calls Korobochka mentally and out loud “strong-headed”, “club-headed”, “mongrel in the manger” and “damned old woman”.

The image of Korobochka is interesting because it is a fairly common type in Russia during the time of Gogol. Its main features - stubbornness, stupidity and narrow-mindedness, were also inherent in real individuals - some officials and civil servants. The author writes about such people that you seem to see a respectable and statesmanlike person, but in reality it turns out to be a “perfect Korobochka.” Arguments and reasons bounce off them like a rubber ball.

The description of the landowner ends with a reflection on the topic: is it possible to believe that Korobochka stands at the very bottom of the “ladder of human improvement”? Gogol compares her to an aristocratic sister living in a rich and elegant house, who reads books, attends social events, and her thoughts are occupied by “fashionable Catholicism” and political upheavals in France, and not by economic affairs. The author does not give a specific answer to this question; the reader must answer it himself.

Let us summarize the main characteristics of the image of the Box

Economic

Has business acumen

Practical

Lean

Petty

Hypocritical

Suspicious

Limited

Only cares about his own benefit

Obsessed with hoarding

Religious, but without real spirituality

Superstitious

The symbolism of the landowner's surname

Symbolism is an important artistic tool in the hands of a writer. In Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" all the names of the landowners are symbolic. Our heroine is no exception. Korobochka is a diminutive derivative of the word “box”, that is, an inanimate object. Likewise, in the image of Korobochka there are few living features, she is turned to the past, there is no real life, no development - personal, spiritual. A real "dead soul".

People store various things in the box - and Korobochka is absorbed in hoarding solely for the sake of money itself, she does not have any global goal on what this money can be spent on. She just puts them in bags.

Well, the walls of the box are solid, just like Korobochka’s mind. She is stupid and limited.

As for the diminutive suffix, the author may have wanted to show the character’s harmlessness and some comedy.

"DEAD SOULS"
"Dead Souls" is a gallery of

cooling, aging, losing

vital juices of souls.

Yu.M. Lotman
DURING THE CLASSES
I. The teacher's word.

We begin our acquaintance with the heroes of the poem by comparing the different points of view of our famous writers, literary scholars, and the author.

For Vasily Vasilyevich Rozanov (writer, philosopher, publicist of the late 19th - early 20th centuries), all the heroes of the poem are dead, “dolls, pitiful and funny,” the fruit of “great, but empty and meaningless skill,” the author seemed to him “the bishop of carrion,” an evil genius, almost the Antichrist.

V.V. Nabokov saw in the foreground characters grouped around Chichikov, subhumans, the product of the otherworldly, devilish world. In Chichikov himself, he agrees to see partly a person, albeit a fool. He explains this by saying that “it was stupid to trade dead souls with an old woman who was afraid of ghosts, and it was unforgivable recklessness to offer such a dubious deal to the braggart and boor Nozdryov.” Nabokov further calls Chichikov “a low-paid agent of the devil,” because the vulgarity that the hero personifies is a property of the devil.

Nevertheless, the writer did not want to create caricatures and monsters; he created people who were not vile.

Let us remember that when Gogol read excerpts of the poem to Pushkin, the poet said: “God, how sad our Russia is!” And this amazed Gogol: “From then on, I began to think only about how to soften the painful impression that Dead Souls could make.”

Gogol created in “Dead Souls” “standard models” of various options for the coarsening and vulgarization of the human soul.

Whose point of view is closest to you? To resolve this issue, we continue to work in groups.

There is always irony in Gogol's satire. On the one hand, he used this method in censored conditions, on the other hand, satirical irony helped expose the objective contradictions of reality. Gogol believed that irony is generally characteristic of Russian thinking. At the same time, I think, this method helped the writer to show the complexity of man and the ambiguity of the author’s attitude towards him. Comparing Manilov with the minister suggests that the minister is not so different from him and Manilovism is a typical phenomenon in society. At the same time, let’s not forget Gogol’s words about heroes: “My heroes are not villains...”

Manilov, although he does not monitor the economy, but “reflects and thinks”, creates projects for human well-being, theoretically making sure that Russia does not suffer any damage, but prospers.
III. Conversation with students using card 47 Image of a Box.
Teacher's word

And in this chapter of the poem the author’s voice was heard again: “... he is a different and respectable man, and even a statesman, but in reality he turns out to be a perfect Box.” As in the case of Manilov, Gogol directs the edge of his satire to the very top of the social pyramid of the landowner-bureaucratic society.

Moreover, Gogol compares Korobochka with the St. Petersburg ladies, owners of disorganized estates, and concludes that the “gap” between them is small, that the real “dead souls” are representatives of high society, cut off from the people.
IV. Conversation with students using card 48. Image of Nozdryov.
V. Conversation with students using card 49. Image of Sobakevich.
Teacher's word

(After discussing the fourth question.)

In Gogol's creative world, things begin to play an active role, helping to more clearly reveal the character traits of the characters. Things seem to become doubles of their owners and a tool for their satirical denunciation.

Details of the material world characterize Gogol’s landowners: (Manilova is the famous gazebo, “Temple of Solitary Reflection”, Nozdreva is the immortal organ-organ, whose playing suddenly stops and begins to sound either a waltz or the song “Malbrug went on a hike”, And now the organ-organ has ceased to sound , and one lively pipe in it just doesn’t want to calm down and continues to whistle for a long time. This is where Nozdryov’s whole character is captured - he himself is like a spoiled organ-organ: restless, mischievous, violent, absurd, ready at any moment to do something without any reason unexpected and inexplicable.

Conclusion: the spiritual world of Gogol's heroes is so shallow and insignificant that the thing can fully express their inner essence.

Things grew most closely with their owner in Sobakevich’s house.

Reading Chapter VI, one cannot help but pay attention to its lyrical tone. It begins with a lyrical digression about youth, the main feature of which is curiosity; maturity and old age bring indifference to a person. The author’s voice also breaks through in the story about Plyushkin, for example: “And a person could condescend to such insignificance, pettiness, disgusting!..”, and this exclamation ends with a fiery appeal to young people: “Take with you on the journey... all human traffic, don’t leave them on the road, don’t pick them up later..."

1. What unites the heroes of the chapters about landowners? (Each of the heroes is individual, each has some kind of “devilish” energy, because everything around them takes on their features: around Nozdryov it smells like a tavern, a scandal, in Sobakevich every thing says: “... and I, too, Sobakevich!” Around Manilov even the landscape and weather have some kind of grayish uncertainty.The same can be said about Korobochka and Plyushkin.

The story is narrated by Chichikov. It connects together all events and human destinies. Each chapter expands our understanding of Chichikov.)

2. Why does Gogol build chapters II-VI approximately according to the same plan (the surroundings of the estate and the estate itself, the interior of the house, a description of the hero’s appearance, a meeting between the owner and the guest, a conversation about acquaintances, dinner, a scene of the sale and purchase of dead souls)? What do you see as the point of constructing chapters this way? (The repeating plan of the chapters creates a feeling of the same type of phenomena depicted. In addition, the description is constructed in such a way that it allows you to characterize the personalities of the landowners.)

1. Reading chapters I, VII, VIII, IX, X.

2. Individual tasks - prepare messages on the topics: “What does the story of Captain Kopeikin have to do with the action of the poem?” and “What prompted Gogol’s plot, The Tale of Captain Kopeikin?” (according to cards 52, 53).

Card 52

What told Gogol the plot of “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin?” 1

It is possible that the idea to write “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin” was suggested to Gogol by folk songs about the robber Kopeikin, dying in a foreign country. Here is an abbreviation of one of the songs recorded in the city of Syzran in the former Simbirsk province:

At the glorious mouth of Karastan.

The thief Kopeikin went to bed in the evening,

By midnight the thief Kopeikin got up...

Get up, dear brothers!

Brothers, I had a bad dream:

It’s as if I, a good fellow, am walking on the edge of the sea,

I grabbed onto a strong tree...

But the fierce snake here hissed,

A lead bullet flew past.

By making the reader laugh, Gogol deprived the royal institutions and establishments of the priesthood. The question arises: could anything like this be in the thoughts of the postmaster, the narrator of the story? But that’s the point: his tongue-tied manner of narration is so naive, so sincere that admiration in it is indistinguishable from evil mockery. And if so, then this manner is capable of conveying the caustic mockery of the author of “Dead Souls” himself.

The narrator, for example, admires the doorknob in the nobleman’s house: “... so you need, you know, to run ahead to a small shop, buy soap for a penny, and first rub your hands with it for two hours, and then decide to grab it.” Who knows: maybe the postmaster really thinks so. Isn’t veneration, reverence and awe for superiors in his character? But all this is expressed so clumsily - naively and tongue-tiedly, that we have the right to suspect mockery in these words.

LESSON 75

PROVINCIAL CITY IN THE POEM “DEAD SOULS”.

CHAPTER ANALYSISI, VII,VIII, IX, X
Gogol lifted one side of the curtain and

showed us Russian bureaucracy in everything

its ugliness...

A.I. Herzen
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Teacher's lecture with elements of conversation, which is accompanied by a commented reading of the text of the poem.

Throughout the entire poem, the theme of serfdom is inextricably intertwined with the theme of bureaucracy and police brutality. Landowners and officials are inseparable from each other in the overall picture of Dead Souls.

“The Inspector General” was also dedicated to the image of bureaucracy, but there the reader was presented with a district town - a small part of Russian reality. In “Dead Souls” the author increased the scale of the image of the bureaucratic world.

1. Let us remember how the provincial city appeared in Chapter I. Let's answer the question: how do Chichikov and the author feel about the city? (After taking a room at the hotel, having lunch and resting, Chichikov went to see the city. He was pleased with the results of the inspection, “he found that the city was in no way inferior to other provincial cities” - an important remark that allows us to talk about the typicality of what is depicted.

So, Chichikov is pleased with his tour of the city, his attitude towards everything is condescending and friendly. The author treats everything ironically.)

2. How does irony manifest itself? (The basis of irony is the discrepancy between the object itself and what is said about it. Let us give examples: “a quiet room with cockroaches”, comparing them with prunes (what kind of peace is there?); a smoked chandelier with many pieces of glass; a tray with cups on it “sit” like birds on the seashore (the romantic comparison causes laughter.) The sublimity of the description enhances the author’s irony.

Chapter I paints the general picture, but some of its details are very expressive: these are strange signs (the inscription “Foreigner Vasily Fedorov”), these are poor pavements, and the runny city garden, which was written about in the newspapers. And all these descriptions are permeated with Gogolian irony.

And one more important detail: the first person Chichikov met was not called by Gogol by name, he did not utter a word, he just looked at our hero’s chaise and wandered off on his way. But his character, emptiness and vulgarity are before us. It is a kind of calling card of the city.)

After five chapters about landowners, we and the hero return to the city again.

Chichikov is pleased - the box contains lists of acquired souls, all that remains is to complete the deed of purchase and sneak out of the city.

3. How do officials appear in Gogol’s portrayal in the text of Chapter VII? What is the meaning of the comparisons: “the chairman... like the ancient Zeus of Homer...”, officials are likened to the “priests of Themis”, the collegiate registrar “served... as Virgil once served Dante...”? (The first comic comparison emphasizes the power of the chairman in his institution. The comedy of the comparison is enhanced by the unexpected inclusion of the archaic word “abuse”, which was used to mean battle, fight, and then received a new meaning - swearing.

The name of corrupt, dishonest bribe-taking officials by the priests of Themis (Themis - in Greek mythology, the goddess of justice, fairness and assistance to the oppressed, was depicted as a woman with a sword in one hand and scales in the other hand and blindfolded as a symbol of impartiality), that is, servants of justice, was a clear mockery of the court and other institutions of the time.

The meaning of the third comparison with the heroes of Dante's Divine Comedy is not in comparing the Roman poet Virgil with the officials of the civil chamber. The point is that the official led “our friends” into the presence room, the center of the institution. Virgil led Dante through the terrible circles of mythical hell, and the “college registrar” - through the circles of bureaucratic hell. The Civil Chamber thus turns into a veritable hell, where Russian people, subjects of the police state, are tormented.

Let us pay attention to one more detail: in the presence hall, where court cases were heard, even by decree of Peter the Great there should have been a triangular mirror (mirror) with an eagle and three decrees on the procedure of legal proceedings. A mirror is a symbol of the reflection of truth. Here Sobakevich sits at the mirror and at the same time lies to the chairman that he sold Chichikov not dead, but living peasants.)

4. What techniques for creating a comic effect do we find in the description of the world of officials? (Reading from the words: “Our heroes saw... even some kind of light gray jacket, which... smartly wrote out... some kind of protocol..."

Here we observe a technique often used by Gogol - likening living things to non-living things.)

5. How do officials feel about the service? (First of all, we see that officials lead an idle and careless lifestyle. When witnesses were needed to draw up a deed of sale, Sobakevich advised sending for the prosecutor (“he is an idle man”) and the inspector of the medical board (“he is also an idle man”). About other officials it is said that “they all burden the earth for nothing.” Their activities are named - playing cards, bribery.

The character of the characters is drawn with strokes, but very convincing. (A bribe to Ivan Antonovich-Pitcher Snout, for example: “Chichikov, taking a piece of paper out of his pocket, put it in front of Ivan Antonovich, which he did not notice at all and immediately covered it with a book. Chichikov wanted to point it out to him, but Ivan Antonovich with a movement of his head let him know, what doesn't need to be shown.")

Next, a monstrous picture of government robbery is revealed: “the chairman gave the order to take only half from the duty money from him (Chichikov), and the other, unknown in some way, was assigned to the account of some other petitioner.”

It is said about the police chief (policemaster, or mayor - chief of police, official in charge of the city police department) that he is a “miracle worker” because “as soon as he blinks, passing by a fish row or a cellar ... so we, you know, how Let's have a bite.")

6. Reading the text from the words: “The guests finally arrived in a crowd at the police chief’s house...”

Alexey Ivanovich (Gogol did not give a surname to his mayor) “acted smartly, charmed the merchants with supposedly friendly treatment, using their various “enthusiasm”: love for trotters, for playing uphill. “He comprehended his position perfectly,” Gogol ironically praises him. He “managed to acquire a perfect nationality” among the merchants who did not protest against his extortions.

b) How does he differ from landowners?

c) What is your assessment of the hero?

3. Individual task - prepare a message on the topic “The Image of Chichikov” (on card 54).