Topics of research work on mkhk. Creative project in fine arts on the theme "popular print - living folk art"

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Ershichi Secondary School"

Educational and research project

Pyramids in modern architecture

Work is done

10th grade student

Kazybegova Anzhelika

Head of work

Simonova T.M.

Ershichi

2018

Content

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………….3

Main part

1.1. What are pyramids and why were they built…………………………….4

1.2. The phenomenon of the Egyptian pyramids…………………………………………. 5

1.3. Theories of the construction of the Egyptian pyramids…………. ……………….7

1.4. Pyramids in architectureXVIII - XIXcenturies…………………………….9

1.5. Pyramids in modern architecture

2. Research part

2.1. Where is the pyramidal shape found in nature and in everyday life?............ 15

2.2. Why are pyramids created? Their purpose and possible properties………………………………………………………………………………………19

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………….24

List of information sources

Introduction

For many millennia, according to various estimates from 4,500 to 200,000 years, humanity has been creating various pyramid-shaped structures. Pyramids have been found on all continents and have even been discovered on Mars. The creation of the Great Pyramids is attributed to the Egyptians, Atlanteans and even aliens. For hundreds of years, there have been debates about the age, purpose, properties and effects of the pyramids, as well as the technologies for their construction. A large number of hypotheses have been proposed, both complementary and contradictory. On the above-mentioned problems, various scientific institutions have been created and are functioning in many countries of the world, the sciences of “Egyptology” and “Pyramidology” have emerged, a huge number of monographs, scientific works, articles and popular science books have been published. A wide variety of architectural structures were created in the image and likeness of the Egyptian pyramids.

Target project:

study of pyramids as architectural structures.

Project objectives:

Get acquainted with the concept of a pyramid.

Explore the ancient pyramids of Giza and the theories of their construction.

Collect material about modern pyramids.

Explore where you can see the pyramid, what the capabilities and unique properties of the pyramid are.

Hypothesis – “The pyramids are fraught with many mysteries and secrets.”

Main part

1.1. What is a pyramid and why were they built?

Pyramid- a polyhedron, the base of which is a polygon, and the remaining faces are triangles having a common vertex.

A pyramid is a special case of a cone.

A pyramid is called regular if its base is a regular polygon and its apex is projected into the center of the base.

The word "pyramid" is Greek. According to some researchers, a large pile of wheatand became the prototype of the pyramid. According to other scientists, this word comes from the name of a pyramid-shaped funeral cake.

There are several hundred pyramids on Earth - from relatively small ones to buildings the size of a 30-story building. But scientists still have questions about their functionality. Common features, despite the fact that the pyramids scattered throughout the planet vary in size, shape, and also in the time of construction, they have much more common features than might seem at first glance. Researchers note a largely similar style in the construction of the pyramids. This applies to both stone processing and its installation. Some pyramids, in particular Mexican ones and those located in the depths of the ocean, are united by the presence at the foot of a “stylized head” carved from a monolith. Scientists at the University of California recently mapped all known pyramids and found that they are located approximately on the same line. If we take the Giza pyramids as our starting point, then this line ends at the Guimara pyramids, built on the Canary Islands. According to the Norwegian traveler Thor Heyerdahl, the similarity of ancient megalithic buildings is explained by the fact that there was an exchange of experience between the islands and continents. With his expeditions, Heyerdahl proved the possibility of ancient people swimming over fairly long distances. One of the latest versions of the functional purpose of the pyramids suggests that they were built as a repository of knowledge of previous civilizations, in which astronomical and geographical information is expressed in the language of geometry. Domestic and foreign scientists, including the British mathematician John Legon, carried out numerous calculations of the length of the faces and bases of the pyramids, their volumes, areas and even the distances between the pyramids, and discovered strict patterns of multiplicity of series of numbers. In particular, the ratio of the perimeter of the base of the Cheops pyramid to its height is equal to the number 2 Pi. Based on this fact, scientists conclude that the pyramid serves as a map projection on a scale of 1:43200 of the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth.

Pyramids are considered conductors of cosmic energies. Their use in healing and meditation is well known. In fact, most temples, mosques, churches, cathedrals have a pyramid or dome-shaped roof. They say that enormous spiritual energy flows from the top of the pyramid into the room and the results of meditation become more tangible and vivid.

1.2. The phenomenon of the Egyptian pyramids.

The "calling card" of Egypt is the pyramids. There are about a hundred pyramids here - large and small, stepped and with smooth sides, which have reached us almost unchanged and look more like a shapeless pile of stones. They are located along the left, western bank of the Nile in small groups, not far from the place where the capital of the country, Memphis, was located during the era of the Old Kingdom. The most famous of the pyramids are on the outskirts of Cairo, on the edge of the desert Giza plateau, hanging over the green Nile Valley. Here, in Giza, there are three great pyramids - Cheops, Khafre and Mikerin.

Even in ancient times, the pyramids of Giza were considered one of the seven “wonders of the world.” But even today they are capable of hitting anyone. The largest of them is the pyramid of Cheops, the second pharaoh of the IV dynasty. This pyramid still remains the largest architectural creation of human hands. At its base it is a square with a side of 227.5 meters. The height during construction was 146.6 meters, and now the pyramid is 9 meters lower: the top stones fell during earthquakes. The construction of the pyramid (and it was completed around 2590 BC) took 2.3 million stone blocks weighing two and a half tons each. The total volume of the pyramid is 2.34 million cubic meters. The faces of the pyramid are oriented to the cardinal points, and their angle of inclination to the base is 51 o 52". The entrance is on the north side. The individual blocks, according to the Arab historian Abdel Latif (12th century), are so precisely fitted to each other that it is impossible to insert a knife blade between them.

There are no inscriptions or decorations inside the Cheops pyramid. There are three burial chambers there. The pharaoh's burial chamber is a room about 11 meters long, five meters wide and almost six meters high. The walls of the tomb are decorated with granite slabs. The red granite sarcophagus is empty. Neither the pharaoh's mummy nor the funeral utensils were found. It is believed that the pyramid was plundered in ancient times.

The second largest pyramid of Giza belongs to Pharaoh Khafre. It was built 40 years later than the first. Sometimes it seems that the pyramid of Khafre is even larger than Cheops. It's actually a little smaller. The side of the square base of the Khafre pyramid is 215 meters. Height - 136 meters. However, in ancient times, like the Cheops pyramid, it was 9 meters higher. The angle of inclination is sharper than that of the first pyramid: 53o8".

The ensemble of the great pyramids of Giza is completed by the pyramid of Mikerin. Its construction was completed in 2505 BC. This pyramid is significantly smaller than its predecessors. The side of the base is 108 meters, the original height is 66.5 meters (today - 62 m), the angle of inclination is 51o. The pyramid's only burial chamber is carved into its rocky base. The Pyramid of Mikerin emphasizes the greatness of the pyramids of Cheops and Khafre. The latter are not difficult to distinguish from each other: the Pyramid of Khafre has partially preserved white basalt cladding near the top.

1.3. Theories of the construction of the Egyptian pyramids.

The ancient Egyptian pyramids still keep many secrets and mysteries. Some of them, of course, have already been revealed, but questions remain that still trouble the minds of scientists and historians. How and by whom were these monuments created? What technologies were used during construction? How did builders manage to move huge stone blocks? Why did the pharaohs need this kind of tomb?

There have been debates about the method of building pyramids since ancient times. The Cheops Pyramid, the only “miracle of the world” of the ancient world that has survived to this day, has received a particularly large number of theories and assumptions. Herodotus also described a lifting machine based on the principle of a lever. True, judging by the images of “Herodotus’ machines” in 18th-century engravings, it is unlikely that these simple wooden structures helped much in lifting multi-ton blocks to a height (in the burial structures of the ancient Egyptians, some monolithic blocks reach a weight of tens and even hundreds of tons).

Herodotus examined the Great Pyramids of Egypt almost half a millennium BC, when the country of the pharaohs was under Persian rule. The Hellenic scientist came to the conclusion that the construction of giant pyramidal structures was carried out using a system of wooden lifts located at different levels. You can learn about more fantastic theories from the books “The Civilization of the Ancient Gods of Egypt” (Sklyarov) or “In Search of the Origins of Ancient Civilizations” (Graham). Both authors deny the ancestors of today's Copts the authorship of the construction of the pyramids and, without thinking twice, declare the real builders to be representatives of more ancient civilizations, about which, naturally, modern science knows absolutely nothing. “Ufologists” of various stripes followed a similar path, coming up with hundreds of “theories” about the construction of pyramids and other great monuments of antiquity by humanoids from Alpha Centauri and more distant corners of our Galaxy.

Authors of alternative theories especially often focus on multi-ton blocks, which in the funerary buildings of Ancient Egypt reach a weight of tens and hundreds of tons. Looking at the ancient architectural sights of Egypt, you will notice that they are most often made of limestone or hard rocks (basalt and granite). In addition to transportation, lifting to heights and laying, they often appeal to processing methods (sawing, grinding, drilling), large differences in construction technologies within the same building, the similarity of construction technologies in Egypt and megalithic structures in other parts of the world (in particular, in Mexico, Peru and Bolivia).

Often, the mythology of different peoples becomes arguments for the authors of alternative theories. Representatives of more ancient civilizations are often appointed to the role of gods described in legends of the distant past. And the weaker the theorists’ arguments, the more often the words “lasers”, “Atlantis” and “aliens” are heard in their theories. Sklyarov also mentions the Great Sphinx with traces of water erosion and the amazing astronomical knowledge of the ancients, manifested both in the designs of ancient monuments and in the culture of local peoples.

The main material for the construction of Cyclopean religious buildings, such as the pyramid of Khafre, Cheops or the pyramid of Menkaure, was limestone. Solid basalt and granite elements were more often used to decorate the interiors of tombs. Limestone processing does not require the use of modern tools and is perfectly done using flint chisels, dolerite balls and other tools available to the ancient Egyptians. The weight of blocks installed at a height does not exceed one and a half to two tons. Such blocks can be moved and raised to a height using brute physical force and primitive technology, which in no way detracts from the achievements of the ancient builders and the majesty and uniqueness of the “eternal” pyramids they created.

More than once theories have been expressed about the casting of blocks for the construction of pyramids from limestone concrete. This theory was first put forward by Joseph Davidovits, a chemist from France who specialized in the development of new building materials. Davidowitz believed that the large blocks were made on site using stone chips and limestone "geopolymer concrete". A similar theory is promoted by Nosovsky, known for his pseudoscientific theories about mass falsifications of “real” historical chronology by official science.

1.4. Pyramids in architectureXVIII - XIXcenturies.

French engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel, a graduate of the Central School of Arts and Crafts in Paris, was one of the first to make extensive use of iron structures, the earliest and most significant use of which was the amazing glass “web” roof of the huge Bon Marché department store built by in the capital of France in 1876.

The end of the 19th century is the period of the emergence of new architectural thinking. By that time, the progress of science was so obvious that a new generation of scientists and engineers took on the solution of any problems, no matter how complex they were. Thus, the engineers embodied their ideas in bold construction and technical projects, which, admittedly, they succeeded brilliantly. Using metal as the main material, Eiffel built majestic bridges, viaducts and other structures, but gained worldwide fame thanks to his tower.

The openwork steel structure, erected in Paris for the 1889 World Exhibition, brought immortality to its creator. The tower was conceived as a decoration of the exhibition, its main “exhibit”, and was supposed to demonstrate
the amazing power of new technology. The height of the Eiffel Tower is 300 meters, which for many years made this building the tallest in the world; it is made up of 12,000 parts!

A new material – metal – in the hands of a talented person perfectly embodied the author’s artistic intent. A wide arch at the base, through which a view of the Military School and the Jena Bridge opens, gradually turns into a slender “body” of the tower, ending with an elegant spire. In appearance, the tower is similar to a pyramid. Neither the stone nor the wooden architecture of the past knew this.

The owner of the metal lace, the beautiful tower, received practical use later, when it began to be used as a radio mast. It should be noted that not everyone liked this gigantic building. Contemporaries of the construction of the Eiffel Tower for a long time could not get used to the new forms and materials.

Now, after so many years, the tower, bearing the name of its creator, is recognized not only as a worthy decoration, but also as a symbol of Paris.
In the architecture of St. Petersburg, the “Egyptian style” is one of the defining and most mysterious attributes of the city on the Neva.

“Egyptian "pyramid. Tsarskoe Selo. "Egyptian Gate". Tsarskoe Selo.

In the Catherine Park on the shore of the Lebyazhy Pond, among the surrounding greenery, rises one of the first pavilions of the landscape part of the park - the Pyramid, built in 1770-1772, according to the design of the architect Vasily Ivanovich Neelov, in the neo-Egyptian style,At its corners, four columns of gray and pink Ural marble on pedestals were installed in 1773.The artistic composition of this pavilion uses the pyramids of Cestius in Rome (a funerary monument of the 1st century BC). Pavilions in the form of a pyramid - an ancient symbol of eternity - were common in European landscape parks.

1.5. Pyramids in modern architecture.

We often see a pyramid on the street in the form of elements of buildings or architectural structures themselves.

For example, French architects designed the modern entrance to the Louvre.The pyramid in the Louvre today is one of the important symbols of the French capital and modern architecture as such. This object is very famous and iconic. It contains the denouement of the novel “The Da Vinci Code,” which was written by the famous Dan Brown.

Glass pyramid in the Louvre.

An architectural company from Japan called “Suppose Design Office” created a unique project, Black Pyramid House, according to which, in one of the suburbs of Tokyo, a unique house was built that looks like a pyramid.

For a long time, the Japanese have been developing a unique project. According to him, a city should soon appear there, in which more than 1 million people will live. The authors of this idea dream that this settlement will stand in the middle of the water, and its shape will somewhat resemble an ordinary pyramid. The height of the building is 1000 meters.

A unique pyramidal city in Japan “Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid”.Young architects from Mexico decided to stand out among the gray mass of skyscraper projects in 2010 at the eVolo Skyscraper Competition. The guys created the concept of an elegant pyramid structure, which should be located in the central square of Mexico City. The most unusual thing about this project is that it must be underground.

A skyscraper in the form of a pyramid underground in the center of Mexico City.In the city of Bratislava, for a long time there has been a unique structure that resembles an inverted pyramid. This building in our case is not underground. It is located on the surface of the earth. The structure houses the office of the National Radio of Slovakia.

Pyramid in Bratislava.

In ancient Egypt, the pyramids were considered the main miracle and the place of the afterlife of the pharaohs. In one of the Dutch towns of Spijkenisse, a unique pyramidal library called “Book Mountain + Library Quarter” was built several years ago. This object is considered a unique, amazing, extraordinary and large structure of this settlement. In this city quarter, residents can gain the necessary knowledge and also take a break from the bustle of the city.

A pyramid-shaped library located in the Netherlands.

One of the unique and modern symbols of Kazan can be safely called the concert hall called “Pyramid”. It was made in the appropriate form and opened in 2002.

Concert hall in Kazan in the form of a pyramid.

Today, one of the very first buildings of the legendary architect named Norman Foster in the CIS is the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation. It is located in the city of Astana (Kazakhstan) and has the shape of a pyramid.

Pyramid Palace of Norman Foster in Astana

In one of the US cities, only the name of the pyramid is Egyptian. It is here that a large number of famous objects are located. Among them, a sports complex called the Pyramid Arena in Memphis should be highlighted. Its height is 98 meters. For this, this structure was called the Great American Pyramid.

American pyramid called "Pyramid Arena" in Memphis.

The Korean city of Pyongyang can also boast of a large and luxurious pyramid. The 330-meter hotel called "Rügen" was supposed to open its doors to tourists and guests in 1989. However, the long-term economic crisis in the country, as well as a shortage of materials and labor, coupled with architectural miscalculations, slightly shifted such plans. Ultimately, the first hotel guests will appear only at the end of summer 2013. Today, this complex is being completed by two capitalist companies, Orascom group and Kempinski.

A hotel called "Ryugen" in the Korean city of Pyongyang.

Currently, translucent structures are becoming widespread.

2. Research part

2.1.

Where in nature and in everyday life is the pyramidal shape found?

The pyramidal shape is found primarily in nature. A typical example of a pyramidal f The form is spruce. Its trunk is most often straight, and the branches are evenly spaced relative to the trunk, so that a vertical straight line passing through its center of gravity intersects the base of the spruce trunk. Thus, a tree, developing under the influence of gravity, reaches a stable position. Towards the top of the tree, its branches become smaller in size - it takes on the shape of a pyramid. This is also understandable to us: after all, light should fall on the lower branches, as well as on the upper ones. In addition, the center of gravity should be as low as possible - the stability of the tree depends on this.

IN
methane molecule CH 4 a carbon atom is bonded to four identical hydrogen atoms. The physical equality of all four bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms is naturally consistent with the spatial structure of the methane molecule in the form of a tetrahedron, at the top of which are hydrogen atoms, and in the center is a carbon atom. The molecule has the shape of a regular triangular pyramid - a tetrahedron.

Considering special cases, you can see that the pyramid is widely used in everyday life, even in the household.

Pyramid elements are widely used in technology. Pay your attention to the computer, you don’t see any resemblance to a pyramid anywhere, but what about the keyboard? The buttons on which your fingers so often tap the necessary material - are also similar to a quadrangular truncated pyramid.

Entering a jewelry store, we see before our eyes a huge selection of millions of jewelry made in the shape of a pyramid. Numerous figurines, various stands, sculptures of extraordinary beauty - all these are pyramids.

We can also see the pyramid at home: towels, potholders, napkin holders, salt shakers, pots for house plants, vases, etc. Even an ordinary tube of toothpaste - pyramids surround us everywhere.

There is a well-known clay hollow pyramid 10 cm high with a square base 10x10 cm and an edge length of 12.25 cm. Inside the pyramid, directly at the top, there is a small (5-7 mm) rock crystal crystal (vertically along the height of the pyramid). One of the faces has four identical holes with a diameter of 5 mm, three of which are located in the corners of the triangle with sides equal to 25 mm, and the fourth at the intersection of its height with the base equal to 32 mm. The three lower holes are located on the same line at a distance of one third from the base of the pyramid.

Orientation of the face with holes to "North". In this situation, according to the authors, there isneutralization of geopathogenic radiation within a radius of up to 8 meters.

D Another version of the pyramid design, shown in the figure, is made with edges made of transparent ruby-colored glass plates, which are fixed with a metal edging. Crystal balls with a diameter of 2 cm are placed on the top and corners of the base. Inside the pyramid there are two horizontal plates dividing it into three parts equal in height. The presence of five balls provides a significant range and high radiation intensity.

Therefore, the properties and effects exhibited in addition toneutralization of geopathogenic radiation allows you to eliminate the adverse effects of the interior and process (charge) various objects.

Frame pyramids have been known for quite a long time. They usually have a height of 15-30 cm or more. They are made from wire with a diameter of 3-2 mm or from tubes, the diameter of which is selected taking into account the height of the Iramids.

Currently, translucent structures are becoming widespread.
On the roof there are 16 small and 3 large pyramids with transitions into vertical stained glass windows. The pyramids are equipped with a storm water drainage system and a hidden condensate drainage system.

2.2. Why are pyramids created? Their purpose and properties.

Of the created modern pyramids, the following pyramids stand out, from the point of view of design solutions and the validity of the properties and effects exhibited:

"Slavnikov's Bipyramid";

"Proskuryakov's Pyramid";

"Pyramid of Hunger".

"Slavnikov's Bipyramid", patented as a "Device for neutralizing harmful effects" (priority dated 12/30/96) is a double frame structure.

It consists of two regular pyramids, each with a triangular base (tetrahedron), connected symmetrically to each other by vertices, forming a common vertex. The bipyramid is equipped with an antenna and emitter. The latter is made in the form of two truncated cones, located symmetrically relative to the common vertex.

The orientation of the Bipyramid (functioning modes) in space along the cardinal points is carried out using a “selected edge”. There is an "off" mode - horizontal position of the Bipyramid.

The lengths of the ribs and sides of the base are the same size. Currently, the Bipyramid is made with ribs of two sizes: 12 cm and 25 cm (BI-12 and BI-25, respectively).

Bipyramid is intended for apartments, offices and cottages.

In recent years, a large number of experiments have been carried out using dowsing methods, methods of traditional science and appropriate instrumentation. A significant number of organizations of various forms of ownership, as well as a large number of specialists from various branches of science, participate in the experiments.

Especially for comparative analysis, based on the results of the experiments, tetrahedral Bipyramids were manufactured, in addition to trihedral ones.

Due to the abundance of information, only the properties and effects that have received experimental confirmation and are reflected in the corresponding reports are listed below:

vibration effect with a healing effect on the environment and humans, and, in the latter case, the predicted frequency range that is optimal for humans, namely the millimeter range, has been instrumentally proven;

the influence of the “energy field” on the human biofield, taking into account the phase periods of the moon;

neutralization of geopathogenic radiation;

reducing the values ​​of the electromagnetic components of the computer field;

changes in the structure and acid-base balance of water under the influence of the “energy field”;

restoration of diseased plants using the example of exotic deciduous cacti.

The properties and effects manifested in terms of health improvement and prevention are given separately:

prevention of certain diseases when exposed to the field and water treated in the active zone of the Bipyramid;

restoration of energy balance and energy of human organs and systems;

restoration of clinical indicators, for example, hemoglobin according to information from specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Belarus;

restoration of indicators characterizing the state of organs and systems (R. Voll method and START-1 device) in the presence of negative effects of geopathogenic radiation and various electromagnetic fields, for example, power lines by enhancing human protective functions;

the healing effect of the Bipyramid both in stand-alone mode and as an addition to the applied methods and devices by exposing the patient to its field in a given time interval;

reduction of stuttering in children (Novouralsk);

activation from a psychological point of view of human reserve capabilities;

compatibility of design features of properties and effects with architectural solutions in terms of energy and information well-being of the population.

Taking into account the accumulated experience, a testing system for the effects of Bipyramid in the presence of extraneous harmful influences has been developed.

It should be noted that other experiments were carried out, but due to the contradictory results, it was decided to double-check them.

"Proskuryakov's Pyramid" is a tetrahedral structure that differs from the classic one in the ratio of height and side of the base, as well as other ratios protected by a patent of the Russian Federation.

The two pyramids, erected in 1996 in South Korea, have height and base dimensions of 3.75 m and 6x6 m, respectively.

A standard pyramid design was developed and purchased by seven CIS cities. In 1998, two (out of three) pyramids 5 m high, with a base 8x8 m and an underground entrance, were commissioned near Sochi.

The main purpose of the pyramids is to harmonize the environment and improve health. These pyramids are intended for the needs of the sanatorium.

The "Pyramid of Hunger" belongs to the series of "Big" pyramids, because... even the first samples, for example, in the Ramensky district of the Moscow region, have a height of 11 m.

In 1997, a 22 m high pyramid was built on the shore of Lake Seliger. Currently, according to the author, a 44 m high pyramid is being built. According to the author, this will be a certain limit, at least in the near future.

The design of the pyramid is based on the proportion of the Golden Section, that is, the diameters of the balls inscribed in the pyramid form the indicated ratio and determine its structural dimensions.

The areas of application of the pyramid, according to the author, are very diverse and are based on the results of joint experiments with a number of Russian research institutes, leading clinics, as well as on hypotheses, analogies and expert assessments.

The most significant areas of application of the pyramid are as follows:

bringing the surface layer of the Earth into a harmonious state;

increasing the reliability of disposal of nuclear, chemical, bacteriological and other waste;

increasing the level of human adaptation to environmental conditions;

solving environmental problems through the improvement of reservoirs, forests, fields, parks, etc.;

increasing agricultural productivity;

improving the quality of food, drinks and medicines;

prevention and recovery;

solving problems of energy information protection;

information impact on the environment through the accumulation of information in water flows (rivers) and much more.

Conclusion

The pyramids are of interest to historians, architects, physicists, biologists, doctors, and philosophers. The more we learn about the pyramids, the more questions we have. As part of the project, I studied the pyramid as a geometric body, tried to delve into the secrets of the pyramids, learned about the location of modern pyramidal structures, and tried to find out the reasons why the pyramid is recognized as one of the perfect forms in the world.

While working on the topic of the project, I learned a lot about the pyramid; I was interested to know how they were built and are still being built, and what architectural value each of them represents.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Nepomnyashchiy N. “Seven Wonders of the World.” - M. “Slovo/SLOVO” - 2000. – 3-6 p.

Shalaeva G. “Everything about everything” - M. “AST” 1997. – 21 p.

Electronic Collection of abstracts "DISKaveri" - M. "Adept" 2003. - 6-10 p.

Mikhailovsky K. “Pyramids and scales.” - Warsaw 1973. – 12-14 p.

Dmitrieva N. A. “A Brief History of Arts.” - M. “Astrel” -2000.- 14-17 p.

Bonin I. Collected works. – M. “Orbita” - 2000.-18-19 p.

Bauval R., Gilbert E. “Secrets of the Pyramids.” – M. “Ripol\classic” -2003.- 14-17 p.

Internet resources

http://www.inetjob.info/pir.html

http://architect.claw.ru/shared/401.html

http://www.tmn.fio.ru/works/26x/304/d8_2.htm

Municipal autonomous educational institution

Secondary school No. 34

PROJECT

Project theme: “Lubok – living folk art”

Krasnikova Victoria

Student of class 7A

Project Manager:

Art teacher

Vakulenko Dina Sergeevna

Tomsk - 2015.

Introduction

Subjects of popular prints

Types of splints

Modernity and popular print.

How we worked on the book

Conclusion

Bibliography

Appendix: photo album of popular prints, proverbs about reading books

Objective of the project :

1. Find out what lubok is?

2.Create and illustrate a book about popular prints.

Tasks:

1. Explore how and where the tradition of illustrations in printed publications came to Russia

2. Explore the role of lubok in Russian culture.

3.Select materials for creating a book.

Hypothesis :

Russian lubok is one of the facets of living folk art. Here a bright picture and a living folk word, a folk artist’s inner idea of ​​the world and a speech image understandable to a person of any social group are woven together.

Introduction

How beautiful our Russia is - with its fields, forests, rivers! How rich our Russia is - in precious stones, gold and silver. But the most priceless and dear thing that our Russia owns is our people. The Russian land is famous for its craftsmen. No matter what corner of our homeland you find yourself in, everywhere you will meet a miracle master glorifying the beauty of our land!

One of the oldest folk crafts in Rus' is lubok.

History of the emergence and development of popular prints

From the middle of the 17th century. Printed pictures first appeared in Rus', these pictures were called “amusing sheets”,It was humorous folk pictures that were sold at fairs and were considered the most popular form of fine art in Rus'. In the second half of the 19th century. they began to be called lubok.

Who and why called them “popular pictures, popular prints” is unknown. Maybe because the pictures were cut out on linden boards (and linden was then called bast), maybe because peddlers sold them in bast boxes, or, if you believe the Moscow legend, everything came from Lubyanka - the street where the craftsmen lived lubkov.

In the 17th century, the Muscovite kingdom established more and more extensive trade relations with Europe. Among other goods, European printed books came to Rus', the design of which was distinguished by high quality and technical novelty; copper engraving had long been used in Europe, making it possible to produce illustrations, maps, and richly decorate title pages. In Russia, they used woodcuts, or drawn images, to illustrate books. Wealthy Russians buy Western books with illustrations, engraved portraits, and maps of unknown lands.

In 1692, the Primer of the Slovenian-Russian Tribe was published in Moscow. All pages in it are drawn and engraved on copper, each dedicated to a separate Cyrillic letter, decorated with its stylized image, numerous drawings of objects for this letter and its poetic description. The "primer" was originally intended for Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich.

In the era of Peter the Great, Russia faced numerous reforms; at the turn of the century, the country was transformed. Along with the country, her books also transformed. Popular prints flourished during the time of Peter the Great, and the most famous pictures, which were then republished over several centuries, were associated with the era of Peter.

Peter I invites master engravers from Holland to Russia.

In the middle of the 18th century, secular literature began to appear in the form of popular prints.

In the 19th century, many small printing houses appeared. One of the owners of the printing house was Ivan Dmitrievich Sytin, a Russian entrepreneur in the field of publishing and bookselling, who began his career as an assistant to a merchant in a popular print shop, in 1876, on credit, he opened a small lithography for the publication of popular prints, in 1883 - a bookstore and at the same time established a book publishing partnership “I.D. Sytin and Co.” By the end of his life he became the largest non-state publisher, aimed primarily at public education.Sytin's printing house produced huge quantities of cheap books for the people, textbooks, calendars, encyclopedias, scientific literature, newspapers, magazines, and collected works of Russian classics. Sytin made attempts to “ennoble” popular prints by inviting professional artists and producing original “lubok posters” with portraits of writers and illustrations for their works. Sytin’s educational activities, associated with the promotion of Russian literature, became a striking phenomenon in the development of lubok, which existed in Russian society until the 1920sAt this time, numerous adaptations of Gogol, Lermontov, and individual works by Pushkin, Turgenev, Saltykov-Shchedrin were published in cheap versions.

During the Great Patriotic War, lubok as a type of folk graphics was again used by the Kukryniksy. Evil caricatures of fascist leaders (Hitler, Goebbels) were accompanied by texts of poignant front-line ditties that ridiculed “the sideways Hitler” and his henchmen.

Subjects of the paintings

Initially, the subjects for popular prints were handwritten tales, life books, “fatherly writings,” oral tales, and articles from translated newspapers.Gradually, in addition to religious subjects, illustrations for Russian fairy tales, epics, translated knightly novels, and historical tales (about the founding of Moscow, the Battle of Kulikovo) appeared.

Lubki were about everything in the world: about different countries and great battles, about peasant life and famous people, about big cities and quirks of nature, about strange animals and important events. People decorated their homes with unusually elegant pictures.

Types of splints

Spiritual and religious -. Icon type images. Lives of saints, parables, moral teachings, songs, etc.

Philosophical.

Legal - depictions of trials and legal actions. The following subjects were often encountered: “Shemyakin trial” and “Ruff Ershovich Shchetinnikov”.

Historical - Images of historical events, battles, cities. Topographic maps.

Fairy tales - magical tales, heroic tales, “Tales of Daring People”, everyday tales.

Holidays - images of saints.

Cavalry - popular prints with images of horsemen.

Joker - amusing popular prints, satires, caricatures, jokes.

Splint production technology

And it was done like this: first, a drawing was applied to the board. Then they cut it out with special cutters, and black paint was applied to the contours of the drawings. A sheet of paper was placed on top of the board, rolled between the rollers of the printing press, and the design was imprinted on the paper.

Popular craftsmen painted and cut out popular prints. We learned this more often from our own parents, relatives and neighbors. but they painted the popular prints of mothers, wives and daughters. They used four or five colors, no more, but the most flaming ones: crimson, green, red, yellow. And they always put these colors in contrast: crimson with green, yellow with black, which made them seem even brighter and the picture more elegant. the artists worked only with wide brushes and did not follow any contours.

Modern masters of popular prints

Centuries have passed, and artists, combining in their work the traditions of ancient Russian painting and folk crafts, create works that meet the requirements of today.

A modern artist and painter, Marina Ruslanova, creates very bright, positive works in the form of popular prints. Her rThe works are in the "Slavic House" gallery, in the Moscow Museum of Folk Graphics, in the "Tsaritsyno" museum, in the interior of the cafe of the Moscow branch of the World Bank, as well as in private collections in

Russia and abroad.

2015 has been named the year of literature. INAs part of the Year of Literature, on January 26, 2015, the exhibition “Russian Literature in the Mirror of Lubok” was held in St. Petersburg

The exhibition presents unique examples of popular prints from the mid-19th - early 20th centuries based on the works of Russian writers. The exhibition tells about the history of popular prints, popular stories, authors, and execution techniques.

Among the exhibits is the most popular work in Russian popular print in the entire history of its existence - the poem “Romance”, written by fifteen-year-old Alexander Pushkin.

Visitors will be able to see popular prints created by anonymous authors and numerous Moscow workshops. Among the subjects of popular prints presented at the exhibition, the most popular works of literature among the common people are Pushkin’s poem “The Death of Prince Oleg”, Lermontov’s poem “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov”, Krylov’s fables, songs based on poems by Batyushkov, Nekrasov, Koltsov...

One of the sections of the exhibition is dedicated to the works of the publishing house of Ivan Sytin, in whose hands the popular print production was concentrated by the end of the 19th century...

How we worked on the book

The book enriches our knowledge about life, develops a sense of beauty in a person, teaches him to see and understand the beauty of life itself and the beauty of the literary word, literary images, pictures of life that the writer creates.

I also decided to try myself as an illustrator and create an illustrated book with proverbs and sayings about books and reading in popular prints.

Stages of working on the book:

I found and researched material about popular print.

I picked up proverbs and sayings about the book.

I illustrated the pages.

I designed the book so that you could add pages.

The book is ready.

Conclusion

Lubok is a type of fine art that is characterized by clarity and capacity of the image. Popular prints are characterized by simplicity of technique and laconism of visual means.

In general, we can conclude that hand-drawn popular prints are a unique historical and artistic phenomenon that combines the art of urban and peasant culture, secular and religious origins. This is precisely what can explain the ability of hand-drawn popular prints to creatively rework the artistic techniques of book miniatures, icon painting, and folk arts and crafts.

Application

IX Ural Interregional Conference
young researchers "Intellectuals of the 21st century"

"Singing Pictures"

Cultural Sciences (Art History)

Municipal educational institution Mirnenskaya secondary school

Mirny village, 2014

Main part 4

1. The relationship of the arts 4

2. Classic combination of music and painting 5

2.1. Paintings as a source of inspiration 5

2.2. Polyphony in music and painting 7

2.3. Music sounding from Russian paintings 8

2.4. Music paints pictures 10

3. Modern musical associations 11

3.1. Modern “singing paintings” by D. Dolgov 11

3.2. Photo 12 has a great future

4. Heard painting 13

4.1.Encryption option by nodes of picture 13

4.2.Option with color coding 13

References 14

Applications. 15

Introduction

What is the relevance of this topic? Modern technologies are trying to “sound” digital photography using brightness and saturation. But they don’t yet have an algorithm for creating a composition. And we tried to find another way to “sound” the paintings, more accessible and simpler. Musical reproduction of paintings using the proposed methods can be used in the lessons of MHC, fine art, music and computer science. As a task: voice the picture in the first or second way. Science does not stand still, and perhaps there will be other areas of application of this “discovery.”

The interconnection of the arts was evident in ancient times in Latin America, ancient Greece, and Ancient Rome. In ancient Russian artistic culture, examples of synthesis are many monastery ensembles, kremlins, and churches. The variety of architectural forms, their connection with sculptural decoration, fresco painting and the natural landscape contributed to the creation of expressive compositions based on synthesis in Gothic ensembles, which organically combined architecture, sculpture, and painting, mainly in the form of stained glass.

During the Renaissance, Baroque and Classicism, synthesis acquired its most complex and developed forms. Painting has inspired many composers to create musical works. Franz Liszt admitted that Raphael and Michelangelo helped him understand Mozart and Beethoven. A. Vivaldi and P. Tchaikovsky revealed to the world the “songlike” nature of Russian nature. The beneficial role of music also affected the work of artists. “I can’t imagine life without music,” said Repin. And all his paintings are “visible music”

I chose this particular topic for my work because I think it is very interesting, as is the very combination of such arts as music and painting...

In the information society, when any information can be obtained in a matter of seconds, the issue of synthesizing musical works with other forms of art has become relevant. The purpose of this work was to study works of painting for their relationship with music.

Object: perception of painting through music.

Hypothesis: any picture can be voiced using a non-associative method

We were given the following tasks:

Consider the associative perception of art

Draw a parallel between classical works and modern art.

Find a non-associative way of scoring pictures.

To achieve this goal, we used the following methods:

Observation

Comparison

We looked at and studied paintings from different eras and studied paintings by modern and classical artists. We studied the historical features of the creation of works of art and analyzed them.

Main part

1. Interrelation of arts

In folk rituals, vocal and program music, compositions for theater and cinema, music appears in inextricable unity with other forms of art. But “purely musical” works also sound brighter and more convincing when surrounded by poetry, painting, and architecture. They help create a special artistic atmosphere and provide deep grounds for meaningful comparisons and analogies. They are the ones who can be a bright stimulus for independent creativity, inspiring the creation of their own vocal and instrumental improvisations.

This connection is valuable because figurative associations arise at the intersection of different types of art. The richer they are, the more creative the perception of a work of art is. N.E. Basin and O.A. Suslova in their manual “Introduction to the Language of Art” note five different levels of poly artistic associations.

The simplest are associations with visible objects and phenomena of the natural and human world. The principle of simple visual similarity works here. General artistic themes and concepts, for example, such as “house” or “spring”, depicted through music, painting, literature, underlie this level of associations.

The next type of associations is associated with physical sensations: tactile, weight, volume, dynamic, etc. We don't see it, but we feel it through touch, smell, hearing and taste. Therefore, “heavy” music turns out to be emotionally consonant with dark colors, monumental architecture, etc., and sound in a high register is associated with light transparent watercolor tones and subtle graphics.

The third type of associations are associations associated with emotional experiences, with shades of various moods. Dejection and joy, anger and goodwill - all these emotional spheres have their refraction in music, literature, and painting. A selection of “emotional imprints” of these moods from different types of art certainly contributes to a deeper penetration into a particular mood or emotion; and a richer perception of its specific expression in a particular work of art.

The fourth type of associations refers the imagination to images stored in our subconscious, the so-called archetypes, for example, to images of the world's elements, light and darkness, motherhood, earthly and heavenly, etc.

The fifth type is associations that arise from communication with complex socio-cultural phenomena, which include both visual images and abstract ideas. In this case, associations are formed on the basis of “information” about any social or cultural phenomenon, a work of art, style, direction, artist.

Another important aspect is the language of art. Expressive means sometimes turn out to be very similar in different types of art. This is, first of all, its genre basis: in music, in painting, and in poetry, chamber and monumental genres, lyricism and epic, are distinguished; genres of portrait, landscape, everyday sketches, and a number of other genre features.

There are also general patterns in the construction of works of art: symmetry and contrast, rhythm and form, logic of development, opposition between the main and the background... These and other “component elements” of an artistic expression, based on the laws of human perception, will also be related in different types of art. And by perceiving these patterns through, for example, visual arts, it is possible to more clearly and convincingly reveal them in music.

1. Classic combination of music and painting
   1. Paintings as a source of inspiration

Melodies usually evoke certain thoughts and feelings in the listener, giving rise to memories, vague or more or less clear pictures of a landscape or scene from life once seen. And this picture that has arisen in the imagination can be drawn. And with a good artist, the picture itself acquires musicality, from the canvas painted by him, melodies seem to sound.

“Good painting is music, it is a melody,” said the great Italian artist Michelangelo

It would be naive to think that every painting that depicts people playing instruments or singing “radiates” music. Many artists did not think about this at all, although they often resorted to “musical” subjects. The first images of people playing music came to us from ancient times. In Egypt, entire musical ensembles are depicted on the walls of temples - young men and women playing citharas, lutes, and oboes. In Ancient Greece, not a single image of the singer Orpheus was complete without a lyre, which he certainly held in his hands. In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, many paintings and sculptures with singing angels appeared. The saints played the organ. Or traveling musicians performed their simple melodies, extracted from bagpipes, pipes, and viols, in front of an admiring crowd of people.

If until the middle of the 19th century artists played music and images of people playing and singing, then from this point musicians began to try to convey works of fine art in sounds.

Let's start with Franz Liszt, who quite often relied on very specific paintings in his writings. In his piano cycle "Years of Wandering. Year Two: Italy" there is a piece called "Betrothal" ("Sposalizio"). This is what the Italians call the altar image of Raphael Santi “The Betrothal of Mary” - a picture of absolutely amazing beauty, enlightened sadness and wisdom .

Inspired by the fresco "The Triumph of Death", according to some sources by Andrei Orcagna, according to others by Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Liszt creates the "Danse Macabre" for piano and orchestra, using the motif of the Gregorian chant Dies Irae.

The symphonic poem “The Battle of the Huns” was written by Liszt based on the undoubtedly best creation of Wilhelm von Kaulbach: the majestic fresco of the same name. At one time, Liszt seriously considered creating a whole cycle of symphonic poems, which he wanted to call “World History in the Pictures and Sounds of Wilhelm von Kaulbach and Franz Liszt.”

Following Liszt, the titles of paintings, this time by Arnold Böcklin, were used by Max Reger in an orchestral suite of four symphonic poems. These are the following paintings: “The Hermit”, “Playing in the Waves”, “Bacchanalia” and “Island of the Dead”.

The last painting became a source of inspiration for Sergei Rachmaninoff, who created his rather gloomy “Island of the Dead.” Rachmaninov's music is full of aching melancholy, in it one can simultaneously hear the numbness of boundless sadness, and violent sobs, and an anxious premonition of death,

In sharp contrast to Rachmaninov's music is the music of the piano piece "Isles of Joy" by Claude Debussy, written under the impression of a painting by the French artist Antoine Watteau. In the melodic bends of the play you can hear laughter, singing, the murmuring of streams and even fast, cheerful dancing.

Peering into the apparent stillness of a good picture, you can see that it is still full of movement, and this is already a property of music. On the other hand, listening to a piece of music, the human imagination draws picturesque images. Thus, music becomes visible, and painting becomes audible.

The famous painting “Spring” by Sandro Botticelli (1445 -1510) depicts a clearing in an orange orchard. It's all dotted with flowers. Botanists have counted more than 500 flowers (“there is no limit to their number”), belonging to more than 170 species. Moreover, they are reproduced with photographic precision, such as the German iris in the lower right corner. Despite the name “Spring”, among them there are many that bloom in summer and even winter.

Russian artists and poets, Russian musicians have always had an amazing ability to penetrate deeply into the psychology of the people and convey the national flavor of the country in their compositions.

It is impossible to imagine art without nature. Nature and art are simply inseparable from each other. Permeated with the beauty of nature, music and painting intertwine and interpenetrate each other. The leading Soviet musicologist, academician Boris Asafiev expressed the opinion that from Alexei Savrasov’s painting “The Rooks Have Arrived,” Russian artists felt the songfulness of Russian nature, and Russian composers felt the landscape nature of Russian folk song.

Thus began the heyday of Russian landscape painting, imbued with the elements of Russian song and Russian music, filled with the aroma of poetic Russian nature. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Isaac Ilyich Levitan are the highest expressions of these aspirations of Russian art, which brought music and painting very closely together.

The mysterious beauty of nature had a truly incomprehensible influence on Tchaikovsky. In one of his letters he exclaims: “Why is it that a simple Russian landscape, why a walk in the summer in Russia, in the village, through the fields, through the forest, in the evening in the steppe, used to put me in such a state that I lay down on the ground in some kind of exhaustion?” from the influx of love for nature, those inexplicably sweet and intoxicating impressions that the forest, the steppe, the river, the distant village, the modest church, in a word, everything that made up the wretched Russian native landscape brought to me. Why all this? "

None of the Russian composers managed to find the melody of the Russian landscape as sensitively as Tchaikovsky managed to do. And this was especially evident in the cycle “The Seasons,” whose twelve plays are dedicated to the twelve months of the year. The plays of the cycle amaze with their incredible simplicity and equally incredible inner picturesqueness. Listening to these plays, we always see them!

Already in his First Symphony “Winter Dreams” the composer paints with sounds the wonderful landscapes of a winter road and a foggy land. The music of this symphony is compared with the elegiac paintings of Levitan, for whom the Russian open spaces evoked an equally strong emotional response. The artist’s relatives recalled that from an early age he loved to wander through fields and forests, contemplate “some kind of sunset” for a long time, and when spring came, “he was completely transformed and fussed, worried, he was drawn to the city.” Leaving Russia, he soon began to yearn for his passionately beloved Russian nature. So, in the spring of 1894 he wrote to A.M. Vasnetsov from Nice: “I can imagine how wonderful it is now in Rus' - the rivers have overflowed, everything is coming to life. There is no better country than Russia... Only in Russia can there be a real landscape painter.”

Levitan had an amazing gift: everything that was born under his brush began to sing. This is how one of the best experts on Russian painting, Academician M.V., describes the painting “Spring - Big Water”. Alpatov: “Thin, like candles, girlishly slender birches look like the very ones that have been sung in Russian songs from time immemorial. The reflection of birches in clear water seems to constitute their continuation, their echo, melodic echo , they dissolve in the water with their roots, their pink branches merge with the blue of the sky. The contours of these bent birches sound like a gentle and sad-plaintive pipe , From this choir, individual voices of more powerful trunks burst out, all of them are contrasted with a high pine trunk and the dense greenery of spruce." Pay attention to the epithets. The picture is described, and music is heard, for musical comparisons most accurately convey the soul of Levitan's landscape.

The central part of the painting “Evening Bells” is occupied by the river. Its gray-blue shades have a soft effect on the beholder, as if inviting them to enjoy the tranquility and magical charm of the summer landscape. The main emphasis is on the monastery and bell tower, immersed in greenery, the contemplation of which lifts a person above the bustle of the world. You just want to linger with your gaze on the peninsula bathed in the evening sun rays: the holy monastery, the crosses of the domes melting in the sky, the wide road to the gates of the monastery. It is no coincidence that I.I. Levitan depicted two monks dressed in black right by the river. They are so small that making it to the sparkling white arch seems impossible. And yet, the road to God, far from the temptations of the world, is quite spacious, and only those who walk can master it.

The upper part of the picture is the sky. Almost white above the forest, a little higher - with airy clouds and in the upper left corner - blue, the sky amazes with its piercing beauty. The painter's skill allowed Levitan to fill the picture with evening bells. In the heavenly heights he depicts, one can hear the music of church bells, scattering over the treetops, a river with a boat with people floating downstream, a tiny wooden pier and a man sitting in a small boat near the shore, whose figure you do not immediately notice.

Isaac Ilyich Levitan knew how to find extraordinary depth in any landscape, harmoniously combining the complex philosophy of human life with the virgin purity of Russian nature. (Ivan Kozlov and music by A. Alyabyev)

Another painting by Levitan, “Golden Autumn,” produces perhaps the most peaceful and healing impression. The colors of the marvelous canvas sing in harmony. Everything in this picture seems to have been sung in one breath, written in one touch. A cornflower blue sky burnt out from the summer heat, a river slightly blue and cold from the bottomless autumn nights and golden crimson brown bushes of trees and an emerald wedge of fields greening in the distance. Gold, crimson, blue - all this is the rainbow of the Motherland and Levitan, who spent his whole life pursuing an understanding of this symphonic structure, finally comprehended it to the end. He found the right harmony, and each of his strokes sounds purely full and true. It is with this picture that Tchaikovsky’s play “Autumn Song” from the cycle “The Seasons” is consonant.

Dmitry Kabalevsky’s description of the music of this piece is filled with picturesque epithets: “A sad melody full of gentle melancholy. We see how a “major” sunbeam is constantly trying to penetrate through the gray, “minor” autumn clouds. disappears behind a cloud. Suddenly, I looked in another place, in a third, it seems, I finally broke through, but again everything was covered with sad gray clouds... and it is precisely this unrealizable desire for the sun, for a bright major sonority that gives a special picturesque charm and special humanity to this seemingly modest, but a genuine pearl of Russian art."

1. Music paints pictures

In the work of another Russian artist, Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel, we find the influence of musical works. Inspired by Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera “The Tale of Tsar Saltan,” the artist created the painting “The Swan Princess.” It is known that Rimsky-Korsakov wrote the part of the Swan Princess for Vrubel’s wife, the famous singer Nadezhda Ivanovna Zabela, whose image undoubtedly influenced the painting.

True musicality is in the painting itself, in the way the airy, weightless colors in the foreground flicker and shimmer, in the finest gradations of gray-pink, in the truly immaterial pictorial matter of the canvas, “transforming,” melting. All the languid, sad beauty of the image is expressed in this special pictorial matter. The charm of native nature, the proud and gentle soulfulness of a fairy-tale bird girl. The secret spells of yet conquered evil witchcraft. Loyalty and firmness of true love. The power and eternal force of good. All these features are combined into a wonderful image, marvelous with its unfading freshness and special majestic beauty.

It is believed that Vrubel’s repeated listening to Anton Rubinstein’s opera “The Demon” later served as one of the impetuses for writing a series of paintings united in a demonic image: Seated Demon, Flying Demon, Defeated Demon.

The famous painting by Ilya Repin “Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan” was written under the direct influence of the music of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov. Repin himself wrote: “I heard Rimsky-Korsakov’s new piece “Revenge.” It made an irresistible impression on me. These sounds captured me, and I thought whether it would be possible to embody in painting the mood that was created in me under the influence of this music. I I remembered Tsar Ivan."

3. Modern musical associations 3.1. Modern “singing paintings” by D. Dolgov

Creative individuals, as a rule, do not limit themselves to one area of ​​art. Painting and music are connected by special ties, and not so much plot or creative, but deeply internal, having the same basis - the diverse manifestations of life.

21 century. Using associations, some artists began to write music to the paintings they saw. And the concept of “Singing Pictures” was born. What it is?

To combine visual and musical art - this is the plan of the organizers. The idea, born in Kursk, has already “infected” other cities – Vladivostok and Samara.

The original installation includes two types of art at once - painting and song. The idea of ​​the competition is a synthesis of music and painting

Dmitry Dolgov, a friend from his performances at the Balaklava Holidays festival, a laureate of the Grushinsky Festival and other international competitions, presented his new paintings to the guests of the exhibition, which became the backdrop for the author’s solo concert.

The initiator of this event format is Sevastopol poet and bard Andrei Sobolev. As he said, he has known Dmitry as a poet and singer-songwriter for quite a long time. And after seeing his paintings, the idea arose to combine painting and music and organize an exhibition-concert, showing the creative versatility of the author.

Dmitry Dolgov plays music professionally and is a fairly well-known personality in bard circles. He travels a lot with concerts throughout Ukraine and Russia. Now the author conveys his experiences, sensations, his vision of what is happening around us, not only through songs, but also through canvas.

He started painting about three years ago. And I approached this exhibition with humor. In addition to the presented portraits, still lifes and genre works, three works stood out that perfectly justify the title of the exhibition.

Literally a few weeks before the opening of the exhibition, Dmitry had the idea to make several ironic works. He bought inexpensive prints from the store that are inherently kitsch. And he decided to give them new content, adding some images that, in his opinion, correspond to certain songs. “It was important for me to preserve as much as possible of the picture itself, which was there, and to place in this picture some of my own heroes, whom I consider important. And immediately the meaning of the whole picture changes,” said Dmitry Dolgov.

Having seen a picture, each person interprets it in his own way. An explanation of how the author sees it was heard in his songs at the concert, thanks to which one could also hear what could not be expressed with the help of a brush and canvas. Among the songs performed: “Feather grass”, “Tragic Yalta”. For example, the image of Marusya from a Russian folk song is reflected in the work of the same name “Soaped Marusya’s White Legs.” The author depicted it on a print with the city of Chicago and Lake Michigan. Images were also selected in the works “In vain the old woman waits...”

In addition, the bard shared with the viewer moments of inspiration that accompanied the birth of a particular work, canvas, melody or verse. According to Dmitry Dolgov, all those present had the opportunity to see that songs can become a musical continuation of visual images, and sounds can complement pictures.

3.2. Photos have a great future

Can modern technologies “sound” a digital photograph? At the International Consumer Electronics Show (CES 2013), the Mhoto application was presented. Using patented technology to analyze image properties such as brightness, saturation and contrast, it creates an original soundtrack tailored to the “feelings of a photograph.”
The user just needs to upload an image and he will hear the corresponding composition. He also has the opportunity to select a specific music genre for the soundtrack: hip-hop, rock, pop, etc.

The app's founders worked on the composition creation algorithm together with music producer Dub Killer. The developers plan to add a facial recognition function to the application so that the soundtrack matches the mood of the person in the portrait.

The app is still under development and the official website is inviting registration for interested beta testers.

Soon we will be able to “hear” any photograph. These are achievements of the 21st century!

4. Heard painting 4.1. Encryption option for painting nodes

Speaking about the “musicality” of paintings, they believe that this concept is conditional - the paintings themselves, of course, do not make sounds, even if they depict people playing any instruments.

And with my work I want to show that paintings can “sing.” Let's return to the reproduction of Botticelli "Spring".

Any musical instrument can serve as a tool for creating music. The most common is the piano. You can find many online emulators on the Internet. The website http://pcblogg.com/ presents interesting options. With their help we create a fragment of a melody. To do this, we analyze the picture. We select the main line of the image along which we place the staff. The faces of those depicted serve as notes. As an alternative, other key moments of the picture can be used: hands, feet, oranges on tree branches. We'll get the tune. [Appendix 1, Appendix 2] The arrangement uses a standard combination of chords.

Using this algorithm, you can make any picture sound.

4.2.Option with color coding

There are different directions of painting. Somewhere it is easy to determine the key moments of the picture. But if we take the abstractionism of M. Larionov, P. Filonov, the cubism of Pablo Picasso, the Suprematism of Malevich and others, then we will encounter difficulties. For such paintings, a color coding option is possible.

Let's take the color spectrum. Each color defines its own note, 7 colors - 7 notes. [Appendix 3] By breaking the picture into semantic areas, we create a melody. For example, consider the painting “Athletes” by K. Malevich. The resulting melody is presented in Appendix 4

Conclusion. Triumph of Music

Thus, we received a product - the melody of the picture. Musical reproduction of paintings using the proposed methods can be used in the lessons of MHC, fine art, music and computer science. As a task: voice the picture in the first or second way. In computer science: encrypt some information and make it sound, etc.

Bibliography

Basin N.E., Suslova O.A. "Color. Sound. Material: teaching aid: Supplement to the course “Introduction to the Language of Art.” Ekaterinburg, 2001.

Tarasov L. – “Music in the family of muses”

Kazantseva S. A. – “Culturology”

William F. Powell - "Painting"

Varlamova T.N. Project “Learning to listen and understand music” http://rtwiki.iteach.ru

Sergeeva G.P., Kashekova I.E., Kritskaya E.D. “Art 8-9 grades” M. “Enlightenment” 2013

Article from the Harmony website “Seen Music, Heard Painting” http://harmonia.tomsk.ru/pages/secret/?19

Article from the site Musical Fantasy. “Music at school”http://muzk-ira.ucoz.ru/publ/razrabotki_urokov/muzykalnaja_zhivopis_i_zhivopisnaja_muzyka_chjurljonis/8-1-0-51

author Danka “Synthesis of music and painting” / “Musicality” of painting in the work of romantic painters. “The Last Day of Pompeii” as a consonance between the opera by D. Pacini and the painting by K. Bryullov. Musical and artistic activities of M.K. Ciurlionis. Displaying music in paintings and paintings in symphonies

http://knowledge.allbest.ru/culture/3c0b65635a2ac68b4d43b88421216c37.html

Reproductions of paintings taken from the Internet encyclopedia Wikipedia

http://www.engadget.com/2013/09/09/moto-composes-music-from-pictures/

Vivaldi A. Seasons. 1 part. Spring / K. Heronz - Phonochrestomathy. Art 8th grade. M. "Enlightenment" 2013

Vivaldi A. Seasons. Part 2. A Peasant's Dream. / K. Heronz - Phonochrestomathy. Art 8th grade. M. "Enlightenment" 2013

Tchaikovsky P.I. Autumn song. October. /N. Shtokman - Phonochrestomathy. Art 8th grade. M. "Enlightenment" 2013

Franz Liszt Piano cycle “Years of Wanderings” Year two. Italy. The play "Betrothal".

Rimsky – Korsakov N.A. Symphonic suite part 9. "The Sweetness of Revenge"

Rachmaninov S.V. Symphonic poem "Isle of the Dead" Philadelphia Orchestra.

Alyabyev A. “Evening Bells” Choir of the Sretensky Monastery.

Dolgov D. “Feather grass” words and music by D. Dolgov. Album “A Little Bit of Hope”

Applications.

Botticelli's painting "Spring"

Chord color association

Melody of the painting: Botticelli “Spring”

Chords: D D S D H F S G

Melody of the painting: K. Malevich “Athletes”

Chords: D A F G D A H S

This section contains the most interesting for students to study topics for fine arts projects.

The page presents research topics in fine art, which cover ancient and modern fine and decorative arts, ancient Greek art, painting, graffiti, sculpture, design, ceramics.

They are also offered, which involve consideration of the work of outstanding artists and sculptors, familiarity with the patterns and decorations of various nationalities, and interesting drawing techniques.

Painting Project Topics can be selected for any school class, they can be changed and expanded at your discretion.

Fine Arts Project Topics

Interesting topics for fine arts projects:

"Fast" drawing techniques.

Abstract painting by the Dutch artist Pieter Cornelis Mondrian.

Abstract art by Wassily Kandinsky.

Abstractionism as a direction of non-figurative art.

Face painting (drawing animal masks with special paints). Current forms of contemporary art (installation, happening, performance, etc.).

Analytical art of Russian artist Pavel Filonov.

Applications on mythological subjects in black-figure style.

Biblical scenes in painting.

Biblical themes in art.

Improvement of the school grounds based on fairy tales.

Divine and multifaceted Salvador Dali.

Each film has main characters.

Peering into a person. Portrait.

A look at analytical art.

A look at symbolism

Types of decorative arts.

Types of fine arts and the basics of figurative language.

The business card of our region.

Stained glass. Colors of autumn. Stained glass painting.

Magic flowers in children's fairy tales

Magic in a paper curl.

The magic of colors.

Seasons in painting.

Geometric shapes in the design of paving slabs.

Heraldry. Heraldry: an inflorescence of history, art and knowledge.

Heroes of fairy tales in sculpting. Fairy tale heroes in drawings.

Heroic theme in works of Russian art.

Gzhel miracle.

Gorodets painting

Graffiti - art or vandalism?

Decor - person, society, time. Decorative and applied arts in human life. Decorative art in the modern world.

Village - wooden world

Design is the art of giving things a new look.

Ancient Greek vessel.

Dymkovo toy

Genres in fine arts.

The life and work of local artists.

The life of Jesus in works of fine art.

Regularities in patterns.

Remarkable warriors of Ancient Greece in drawings.

Golden Russian hut

The ideal of personality in the portraits of I. Kramskoy.

What, what are these paints made of?

Image of a human figure and the image of a person.

Fine arts in the family of plastic arts.

Fine art born of October.

Topics of fine arts projects

Interesting topics for fine art projects for students:

Interior of a peasant house.

Art in human life.

The art of graphics and its artistic possibilities.

Art of Ancient China.

Clothes of people of different classes.

The art of painting semolina porridge, pre-colored with food coloring.

The art of hand-painted fabric.

Using dry leaves in painting.

Study of natural food colors in painting.

Historical genre in Russian fine art.

The life story of the pharaoh of Ancient Egypt in drawings.

Ceramic products.

Classic elite art using the Portrait genre as an example.

Blotography. What is this?

Cubism as an avant-garde movement in fine art.

The cultural and ethnic diversity of my city.

The cultural question in the primitive world.

Palm and finger painting techniques.

Leonardo da Vinci - artist and scientist.

The personality of the artist and the world of his time in works of art.

Lubok is a living folk art.

Magic patterns.

Mass and elite art using the example of the Portrait genre.

The world around me in different imaging techniques.

The world of dreams and fantasies in the work of the artist Viktor Elpidiforovich Borisov - Musatov.

The world of our things.

Still life

The world of creativity of artist Viktor Vasnetsov.

Mythological themes in art.

Mosaic in the heritage of M.V. Lomonosov.

My favorite artist.

My rich colors.

The motif of the road in the works of F. Vasiliev.

The direction of the Russian avant-garde is futurism

Folk clothing is an image of the world.

Folk art of the North.

Folk holiday rituals.

Folk costume. History of the costume. Folk festive costume.

How white snow really looks and how to convey its appearance in a winter landscape using the power of gouache.

Still life. The emergence and development of the genre.

Incredible colors

Unconventional technique of drawing nature

Unconventional techniques for drawing animals

Unconventional drawing methods and techniques

Unconventional drawing techniques

Unconventional drawing techniques in fine arts.

Ebru and sumanagashi.

What do the cave paintings of the primitive world say?

What will the drawings on the walls of the Pharaoh’s tomb tell?

What does color tell you?

What do coats of arms and emblems tell us?

The image of a bird: from myth to art

Ritual meaning of straw.

Volume is the basis of the language of sculpture.

He is the closest artist to me.

Original ways of drawing.

Features of the plastic form of clay toys belonging to various artistic crafts.

Pavel Fedotov and the artists of his time.

Easter traditions of the Russian people.

Scenery. The emergence and development of the genre.

The first futurist artists in Russia were the Burliuk brothers. Picasso as the founder of Cubism.

Plasticine fantasies The usefulness of things in the house.

Portrait of a man. The emergence and development of the genre.

A visitor in a modern museum: a portrait in perspective.

Orthodox icon

Techniques of working with ink and their expressive possibilities.

Nature and the artist (images of nature in landscapes by artists).

Walking around my city.

Design of subject environment. Kitchen interior design.

Works of art in students' families.

Crafts of our region A journey into the world of spring colors.

Traveling through the ancient cities of Russia. Architecture.

Colorful world (Genres of fine art).

Reality of life and artistic image.

Drawing with graphic materials

Native nature in the works of F. Vasiliev, I. Shishkin, I. Levitan.

Christmas card

The role of artistic folk crafts in modern life.

Romantic of passion and sadness. Portrait art by K. P. Bryullov.

Stone painting

Russian peasant hut

Russian matryoshka Russian beauties

Russian sculptural portrait of the 18th-19th centuries.

Ancient, medieval Rus', national originality of architecture and art.

The connection of times in folk art The power of art in the work of Modigliani.

Fairytale autumn forest

Contemporary exhibition art.

Contemporary Russian young artists.

Modern techniques of decorative and applied arts.

Contemporary Ukrainian young artists.

A modern museum as an important resource for the development of the city and region.

Supermatism of the outstanding artist Kazemir Malevich.

Suprematism The essence of the portrait genre in modern and classical style.

Creative problems of modern folk arts and crafts.

The creative path of Valentin Serov. Creativity of V. Surikov. Creativity of I.I. Levitan Creativity I.I. Shishkina

The work of any artist from the Renaissance to our contemporaries.

Creativity F.A. Vasilyeva.

Works of the artist Kazemir Malevich

Works of the artist Toulouse Lautrec

Terracotta statues of the Chinese emperor

Water printing technique

At the origins of Greek sculpture.

Amazing tapestry products.

Amazing metal products.

Amazing glass products.

Patterns in Ancient Greece.

Patterns in Ancient Rus'.

Patterns in Ancient Egypt.

Patterns in Ancient Rome.

Patterns in the history of our region.

Patterns in book design.

Patterns on buildings.

Patterns on clothes.

Patterns on weapons.

Patterns on dishes.

Futurism

Japanese artistic culture

Art painting on glass

Artistic specificity of the Venetian school of painting.

Artistic specificity of the Umbrian painting school of the Renaissance.

Futurist artists

Color and symbol in architecture and design.

Man and space in fine arts.

What do the designs on clothes mean?

What is avant-garde?

Miracle - dough.

Masterpieces of the High Renaissance.

Ebru - drawing on water.

Elite and mass fine art for the modern viewer.

My class logo.

These mysterious cave paintings.

It's some kind of black square.

I draw on the computer

Pagan symbolism in folk crafts.

Japanese garden.

Bright colors of popular print.

Fine Arts Project Topics

This section includes project topics for MCC, not included in the lists of topics for grades 7-11. The page asks you to select research topics on MCC, which examines the architecture, painting and sculpture of the Ancient East, Egypt, Europe and Russia.

Topics of MHC projects by class:

We distributed research topics on world artistic culture by class, below you can go and view topics on MHC for grades 7-11.

(opens in a new window)

Also offered research topics on culture to get acquainted with museums around the world.

Among topics of design work on MCC You can choose an interesting topic for students in any grade of school. Topics cover the culture of almost all known civilizations.

Research topics on MCC (general)

Arcangelo Corelli.

Architecture of Ancient Egypt.

Architectural monuments of the city in which I live.

Architectural modernity of one of the cities of Russia

Biblical subjects and images in the works of El Greco (Rembrandt and others)

Martial martial arts

Everyday genre in Western European and Russian painting. V. A. Serov “Girl with Peaches”

Venecian mask.

The influence of African sculpture on the work of P. Picasso.

The influence of Venetian masks on modern fashion images.

The influence of Byzantium on the formation of the culture and art of Kievan Rus

The magical art of amigurumi.

Museum city of St. Petersburg and its suburbs.

Gothic art

Greek theater.

Decor of a person's position in society.

Greek vase painting.

Old Russian icon painting

Egyptian style in a modern interior.

Painting by S. Dali and the theater of the absurd.

Painting from the era of the "Itinerants".

The life of Jesus in works of art.

The ideal of beauty in different eras

From the history of French costume.

Impressionism. Auguste Renoir Impressionistic techniques in the works of K. Korovin (V. Serov).

Art of Gzhel. Origins and modern development of the fishery.

Art of Gorodets. Origins and modern development of the fishery.

Art of Pre-Columbian America.

Art of Western Europe of the 17th century. (Baroque era).

Joseph Lanner, founder of the Viennese waltz.

The room of my dreams

Costume of Russian peasants of the Tver province of the 19th - early 20th centuries

Culture of antiquity Culture of oriental dance Culture and life of the peoples of Kuban XVII - XVIII centuries.

Culture and art of Byzantium Culture and art of the Enlightenment.

Renaissance majolica

Can art be a weapon?

Museums of Europe Museums of the world. The history of the formation of the museum, the principles by which national collections were formed. Museums of Russia. Museums of Ukraine. Museum in the modern sociocultural situation of the city.

The image of Cleopatra in cinema.

The image of a cat in Russian culture.

The image of Peter I in the sculptures of B.K. Rastrelli and E. Falcone.

The image of the sun in folk art.

Images of Madonnas in the works of Leonardo da Vinci (Raphael).

Features of the Russian spiritual ideal in the works of M. Nesterov.

Reflection of images of primitive art in the works of P. Gauguin.

Pyramids in modern architecture.

The search for the Fauves and the peculiarities of their figurative language.

Refraction of iconographic principles in the painting of El Greco.

Nature and man in the fine arts of romanticism (on the example of the work of K. D. Friedrich).

The problem of choosing a life path in the works of A. Ivanov “The Appearance of Christ to the People” and I. Kramskoy “Christ in the Desert.”

Walk through Versailles.

The contrast between natural and artificial as the main motive of K. Somov’s creativity.

Psychologism of sculptural portraits by A.S. Golubkina.

The role of Toulouse-Lautrec in the development of poster art.

Romanesque art

Chivalry

The originality of the elegy painting genre in the work of V. Borisov-Musatov.

The originality of F. Rokotov’s stylistic style.

The symbolism of still life in Dutch painting of the 17th century.

Symbolism of jewelry of Ancient Egypt.

The connection of symbolism with the worldview of the Egyptians.

Symbolic images in Vrubel’s works.

Renaissance sculpture: Donatello, Michelangelo.

Sculptural depiction of a person in the art of Ancient Egypt, in ancient art, in the sculpture of the Middle Ages.

Sculptural decoration of Gothic cathedrals.

Slavic mythology "Russian evil spirits" Slavic mythology "Sacred birds"

Soviet and American culture of the 20s of the XX century.

The secret of beauty in Russian female portraits of the 19th century.

Dance of Goddess Guan

Dances of the Baroque era in the music of the early 17th century composer Andrea Falconieri.

Traditions of ancient Russian art in the architecture of Peter the Great.

Artistic discoveries of the “little Dutchmen”.

Features of Romanticism in the works of the Pre-Raphaelites.

Exoticism of the East in the works of Delacroix.

Tour of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople.