Why are labor lessons needed at school? What do they study in technology lessons at school?

I have three questions for community members. For those who want to leave their answers, I ask you to first look at the comments that are posted at the end of this post.

1. Please remember your time at school and tell me how much the labor lessons that you attended in those days were useful to you in your life (both professional and everyday). At the same time, it would be interesting to understand, if we talk about basic everyday things (cooking, sewing for girls, sawing, planing, etc. for boys), to whom do you consider yourself to be more indebted for the skills that you acquired by the time you grew up? : for school lessons or for parents?
2. Can you say how useful (from your point of view) labor lessons are for your children in a modern school? Do your children acquire any skills at school that make their PRESENT life in your family easier?
3. If you consider it reasonable to take such an approach to conducting labor lessons, in which children acquire REAL SKILLS that will be useful to them after they begin an independent life in their new young family (however, before, too, while they are still living " under your wing"), please share your knowledge about those schools where this experience, in your opinion, is actually put into practice.

And now - a few of my own comments.
I want to explain where the legs “grow” from. The fact is that I work for a publishing company that produces products aimed at school administrators. And working with me are people who were (or still are) directors or head teachers of schools. Yesterday, quite by chance, we had a conversation on this topic, and I, as a young father and as an active participant in all kinds of actions that fall to the share of parent committees, asked my colleagues a question about the extent to which the education of children is carried out in the schools in which they work. work is close to real practice. We had a rather interesting and meaningful conversation. For my part, I was primarily interested in whether boys are taught to work with a drill, saw, plan, sharpen, lay tiles, glue wallpaper, etc. In addition, I was interested in the question of whether labor lessons in their schools were somehow connected with the solution of some economic problems that arise in the school and require some kind of repair action. That is, for example, if a certain classroom needs renovation, is this situation used to demonstrate to children in practice the technologies that are used in the renovation of premises, perhaps while giving them PRACTICAL LESSONS. After all, this kills two birds with one stone: the children learn something, and the school saves money on repairs by solving some of the problems using its internal reserves. Or suddenly, in some toilet, the boys gouged a sink or toilet (this, for example, happened at the school where my girls study), and then at a labor lesson you can demonstrate to some class how to install a new sink, how to connect plumbing, etc. .P. This develops responsibility and a more careful attitude towards what is available at school. And in general, the school then gradually turns into a second home..
The main disadvantages of this approach, which my colleagues immediately told me about, are two things (actually interrelated). The first is the attitude of parents towards such events. Negative attitude. Because many parents will think that their children are simply being used. And in this case, I understand that all kinds of carrying heavy objects, cleaning rooms and other similar work can really strain many parents, especially when their child is plowing, and his desk neighbor does not want to do this. But I hope you understand that this is a different situation. The second problem is that now the school administration must be extremely careful in these types of situations. In the case of such a non-standard event, such as, for example, the participation of children of a certain class, say, in painting walls, they are obliged to conduct a bunch of instructions, obtain parental consent in writing and take a lot of other paperwork steps. And it's so complicated that hiring a painter is much cheaper.
Our conversation yesterday stuck in my head so much that this post was formed as a result. And now, to be honest, I would like, having received some critical mass of your comments, to formulate some parallel questions for the LiveJournal community director_shkoly where current education administrators sometimes “graze” to find out what difficulties are involved in overcoming such a “tilt” in labor teaching.

By the way, I know for sure that in less formalized schools, in rural areas, everything I wrote about is often natural and familiar. And moreover, sometimes such a joint school-home economics turns out to be a condition for the survival of the school with the level of funding that it has. And the relationships there between students and teachers are more sincere...

Thanks in advance to everyone who responds!

If for another ten years not a single school could do without a labor lesson, today many consider this subject to be “morally obsolete.” Is this so, and do modern schoolchildren need such classes?

So, according to their views on the existing education system, parents were divided into two groups. The first group includes those people who believe that labor lessons will not teach their children anything useful, so it is best to devote this study time to another lesson, for example, an English lesson, mathematics, computer science or even economics. But another group of parents are sure that “you can’t pull a fish out of the pond without difficulty,” that is, such lessons are not only useful, but also educational for schoolchildren of all ages. That is, the child learns to work, show his thinking and ingenuity, and also realize himself in yet another area of ​​life. To understand for yourself whether labor lessons are needed at school, it is worth remembering what girls and boys do during them.

As I remember from the school curriculum, girls in such classes sew a skirt and apron, knit booties and socks, cross-stitch and satin stitch, and also learn the basics of cooking. In addition, they prepare a sweet table with their own hands, and then invite classmates to a friendly tea party. In general, this is very interesting, but the main thing is that young ladies not only get a lot of positive feedback from the work done, but also learn new knowledge that will definitely be useful to them in their future life and motherhood.

As for boys, they always find something exciting to do, such as working with wood, making crafts and souvenirs, basic carpentry and minor home repairs. Every boy always remembers how he made an original flower vase from a tin can, a flowerpot from old records, and a real kitchen stool with his own hands.

There are a lot of impressions, but the main thing is that such a future man will at least be able to hammer a nail in his house, and this, as we know, is not so little. Having studied all these school memories, many parents come to the conclusion that labor lessons are still educational for every student, be it a boy or a girl. But, nevertheless, each person must choose for himself what he wants to do in the future - physical and intellectual activities, but it was precisely these lessons that helped him set his life priorities and try himself in every activity.

The most surprising thing is that today physical labor has given way to intellectual labor, and the once exciting labor lessons have now been replaced by a new subject “technology”. This innovation places an emphasis on introducing the child to the computer, as well as gaining basic skills in work. Of course, we live in a world of scientific progress, but this is not a reason to forget about past equally entertaining activities at school. In order to finally decide whether it is worth studying a subject such as “labor” at school, we recommend carefully studying all its advantages and disadvantages, and drawing appropriate conclusions based on the information received. Of course, few people care about the opinions of children in school. However, this is a fundamentally wrong approach, because a child, being a full-fledged person, can independently make his own choice.

So, among the significant advantages, it is necessary to remember that work allows children to escape at least a little from the school curriculum and relax mentally, because, as you know, memorizing rules, solving examples and equations, as well as reading large texts simply exhaust the child’s psyche, requiring at least a short pause . In addition, work contributes to the development of imagination, abstract thinking and memory, and also allows you to get better at a certain activity and gain valuable skills in life. This subject significantly raises the spirit of collectivism and unites the class morally, because it is so interesting to work together and provide each other with unbearable help.

It is also worth remembering that such lessons are always noisy and fun, and this is not surprising, because every student simply offers numerous ideas, showing imagination and ingenuity. In addition, students develop a love and affection for work, and this will certainly come in handy in life. Many attentive mothers notice that their child is a creative person who strives to make unique things with their own hands, and, as you know, such potential is revealed by labor lessons at school. Among the benefits, it is also worth highlighting learning something new, and such a unique experience allows the child to grow above himself, realizing himself in new areas of life. So it’s simply impossible to overestimate the benefits of labor, although again, not all healers think so.

As for the shortcomings of the so-called “labor education”, there is no need to deny that they really exist. Firstly, today there are no longer those qualified specialists who instilled in children a love of work. Now such teachers only turn children away from this subject, resulting in bad behavior and regular absenteeism, which leads to satisfactory grades. Secondly, the program proposed by the teacher is not always interesting for children, especially if classes for girls and boys are combined and, due to the lack of proper premises, are held in the same class. Thirdly, there is a lack of equipment necessary for lessons, and children have enough theory in other lessons. This is where all the disadvantages of work end, but the advantages of such activities are definitely still much greater.

If we face the truth, we can safely say that conducting labor lessons is not economically profitable. the fact is that all the equipment used has either simply broken down due to the expiration of its service life, or is obsolete for children living in the era of nanotechnology. As a rule, schools do not have sufficient funding to purchase new machines, instruments and mini-workshops, so they have to save money and replace labor lessons with technology. Parents, as a rule, do not interfere with such innovations, since they are sincerely glad that their offspring has the opportunity to additionally engage in mental work, mastering the use of a computer.

Today, a huge number of schools have abandoned labor lessons, sincerely believing that such classes are just a waste of children's time and nothing more. There are many reasons for such a refusal, for example, in private schools this is the initiative of parents who want the emphasis in their children’s education to be on mental development. As for educational schools, the meager budget itself dictates its own rules, because it is clear that the maintenance of machines, the cost of purchasing materials, and even the teacher’s salary are all expenses that not every school can handle. Also, many principals are afraid that the inexperience of schoolchildren can lead to increased injuries, and such a reputation is certainly of no use to any school.

There are not many parents who would try to return the labor development of their children to schools, since this requires money and free premises. Of course, such questions are raised more than once at parent-teacher meetings, but things do not go beyond loud statements and eloquent slogans. Often the director transfers the initiative to the parents' committee, however, even on a voluntary basis it is also not possible to return labor to the school. If previously children were very upset by the lack of such lessons, today it is a joy for them, because they can skip class or engage in a more interesting activity.

One way or another, there must be labor lessons in elementary school. Why? The fact is that physical activity trains fine motor skills of the fingers, and, as you know, it is these parts of the body that transmit signals to the brain, that is, by attending such lessons, the child develops and grows above himself. That is why many parents, sending their child to first grade, are keenly interested in whether the chosen school offers labor lessons that are valuable for children’s development. If there are any, then there is no doubt that they will certainly interest the not yet spoiled schoolchild who strives for new knowledge.

What value do primary school students gain from labor lessons at school? Firstly, they solve developmental tasks that can train technical and visual-figurative thinking, independence, creativity, spatial imagination, memory and even speech of the child. Secondly, there are didactic tasks that teach how to work with reference literature and the instructions attached to a particular product. Thirdly, educational tasks teach you to be neat, thrifty and tidy, which may also come in handy more than once in the future. Solving such tasks at each lesson shapes the personality, so no harm will come to the child from a labor lesson.

Every parent must understand that a child must grow up fully developed in order to be able to adapt in time to all life situations. This is not so little, because mom and dad will not always be nearby, and one day you will still have to enter adulthood with all its surprises and surprises. However, one way or another, the choice remains with the adults, because only they can decide which school to send their child to.

Labor lessons today are not available in every school, therefore, when enrolling your child in the first grade, it is worth asking the director whether the school curriculum provides labor education lessons.

During the technology lesson, the classes are divided into two groups: boys and girls. This happens for obvious reasons. Technology lessons teach children manual labor, which will be useful to them in later life. The work differs significantly from the work of boys. In order not to mix two different areas of activity, classes are divided into subgroups.

Lessons take place in various classrooms. Each group has its own teacher. As a rule, the teacher for boys is a man, and for girls it is a woman.

Technology for girls

Home economics is usually called technology lessons, dating back to Soviet times. The subject got its name because of what it teaches. The task of home economics is considered to be to help girls learn knowledge and practical skills that will be useful in the household and in everyday life, as well as to develop in children independence and many other qualities that every woman needs to possess.

The home economics program includes several sections: housekeeping, cutting and sewing, cooking, clothing care. The entire program is designed for seven years: starting from and ending with 11. Classes are held once a week and last 1 hour.

In the first half of the 5th grade, girls get acquainted with the structure of a sewing machine, make patterns and try to sew simple things on their own. Every year the difficulty increases. Cutting and sewing in each class ranges from 23 to 58 hours.

Starting from the second half of each school year, girls are taught to prepare food. First, there is an introduction to kitchen equipment, as well as utensils. Every year the program becomes more complex and teaches you how to cook dishes of varying complexity: from vegetable sandwiches to the simplest fish and meat dishes. A mandatory component of each lesson is a theoretical part, during which the teacher introduces students to safety precautions and also demonstrates products.

Technology for boys

Technology lessons for boys and girls are radically different. Starting from the 5th grade, boys are raised to be real men who will be jacks of all trades.

From 5 to 5 boys are taught to work with various materials and tools. Initially, they are introduced to the materials in principle. They explain the properties of wood and metals, and also show what tools they are processed with.

Starting from , under the guidance of the teacher, boys begin to work independently with materials. Initially, an acquaintance with the tree occurs. During practical classes, the teacher teaches how to make stools, and also teaches the techniques that are best used when working with wood.

By the end of 11th grade, boys can independently make a wooden plane, turn some toys on a special machine, and also perform decorative wood carvings. They have the skills to process materials and work with them.

Today, the system of labor education in schools is undergoing changes. Their driver is the new norms of federal state educational standards (FSES), which, in particular, provide for a reduction in hours for technology lessons. A more detailed study of this subject will go into the so-called electives, that is, compulsory courses of students' choice, and more attention will be paid to extracurricular activities. And here the children themselves must decide what will become a priority for them - technology in courses and clubs or some other science for in-depth study.

Recently, parents have repeatedly noted that technology lessons in schools are outdated. Life moves forward, but labor education is marking time; in most schools, equipment is not updated, and more modern technologies are not being introduced.

"Cheryomukha" decided to find out if this is really so? What has changed in labor technology lessons lately besides the name, how have they been affected by the standards within which the school lives?

WHAT DO PARENTS WANT?

So that children leave school literally as universalists.

Nikolai Solovyov, father of 12-year-old Anton and 14-year-old Natasha:“The girls would be able to cook not trivial dishes like sandwiches and salads, but more complex ones, they would master cutting and sewing, the basics of housekeeping, and they would be psychologically ready to start a family. Boys would know wood and metalworking and become tech savvy. It would be good if children had medical knowledge.”

I agree with one thing - the foundations of medical knowledge should be laid in a person from adolescence. But this should be done by specialists. But why shouldn’t parents instill the knowledge listed above in their children? But the realities of our time are such that almost half of the children in each class are from single-parent families. As a rule, dads are absent. Mothers and grandmothers can also show and explain to girls the basics of housekeeping. What about the boys? The burden falls on technology teachers. And in two-parent families, parents, preoccupied with making money, practically do not see their children.

TEACHERS' POINT OF VIEW

Technology teachers believe that today there is a stereotype regarding technology lessons that needs to be broken. There is an opinion: in class, schoolchildren do nothing but make stools and mops, while girls do cross-stitch. In fact, it's not like that. At least in those schools where I was able to visit during the preparation of this material. Today, children get acquainted with many areas - drawing, electrical engineering, technologies for processing various materials, housekeeping, repair and construction. For example, eighth-graders, as part of a regional vocational training program for schoolchildren, study modern industries and production in the Yaroslavl region, universities and educational institutions in the region.

Technology includes several interrelated subjects: labor training, computer science, mathematics, geometry, drawing, physics. New educational standards provide for the possibility of introducing modern educational blocks into the educational process at the discretion of the teacher.

The problem is precisely who will promote modern trends in city schools? The average age of technology teachers is about 45 – 50 years. In addition, there are not very many young specialists who want to go to work in school. There is a stereotype that people earn little here. But with a good workload, a teacher can receive the average salary in the city. Plus vacation in the summer - 56 days, three vacations during the school year. There are also social guarantees. There is a regional mortgage lending program for the purchase of housing for young professionals.

Teachers are confident that it is necessary to revive the prestige of the school teaching profession and, as soon as possible, talk about its advantages and promote it among teenagers and parents. Maybe we shouldn’t wait for young specialists from pedagogical universities? Rybinsk has its own technical university. Why not introduce pedagogy into the undergraduate curriculum as an elective course? And after graduation, attract them to work in schools.

The fact that in the modern world the lessons of technology are changing was also told by Galina Chepurina, technology teacher at secondary school No. 12 named after P. F. Derunov:“We work according to Irina Sasova’s program, which is based on the project method. And the children carry out their work from idea to implementation. If earlier, during labor lessons, girls sewed napkins, and they all turned out almost identical, but now everything is different. We recently carried out a project on a theatrical puppet - and each child got their own, who wanted which one and chose for themselves.”

Galina Alekseevna showed several project dolls - Smeshariki, others were made from ordinary spoons, the third looked like a tablet doll for a real puppet theater.

Galina Chepurina:“Having completed the project, the children present the results of their work - some simply explain the manufacturing technology, while others prepare a whole performance. Isn't that interesting?"

Only the technology for making things remains the same - take measurements, master the seams. But creativity plays the main role.

Liliya Gladkova, technology teacher at secondary school No. 26:“I liked the new standards better because they provide an opportunity to develop children’s imagination through project activities. And children take on projects with great interest. Our goal as teachers is to introduce girls to new trends in applied art and broaden their horizons. We are now studying the interior of the house, even the formation of a family budget. And we do everything we can - crocheting, knitting, sewing various products, making paintings in the batik style. With the advent of the Internet, children now have more opportunities - they saw something there, and in lessons we do it. We even cook cabbage soup virtually. It’s just a pity that they are reducing the time for technology lessons.”

What about the boys?

There are all kinds of crafts in the workshop of technology teacher of secondary school No. 12 Stanislav Matchin, who this year became the winner of the Rybinsk stage of the “Teacher of the Year” competition. Flower stands, tablets and cell phones, notebooks made from outdated computer materials - floppy disks, praying mantises made from incandescent light bulbs, kits for caring for indoor flowers, clocks made from old records, airplane models, wooden devils for Halloween. The boys learn the basics of wood and metalworking, various technologies and tricks that will undoubtedly be useful to them in later life.

It’s easier to master the basics of cooking and learn cutting and sewing with girls. At what plan? The materials are not that expensive. I don’t argue that sewing machines, electric stoves, and dishes also cost money, but it is much cheaper than purchasing metal, wood and the corresponding machines, tools and devices for boys’ technology lessons.

Sergey Zanin, technology teacher for boys at secondary school No. 26:“Technology lessons in schools are an expensive pleasure. They “eat up” about 40% of the funds from the total supply. Today the cost of a school screw-cutting lathe is approximately 240 thousand rubles, plus its installation and connection will cost 50 thousand. And also the cost of tools and equipment. Therefore, the hours spent working with metal have been reduced. “I began to devote more time to arts and crafts.”

Sergei Nikolaevich showed samples of wood and metal products that they made and are making with the boys during technology lessons. Modern children's products are simpler than those of children in the 80s and 90s. The reason is problems with logistics. Equipment and tools are worn out, and, as always, there is not enough money to purchase new ones. At one time, enterprises provided assistance to schools with tools and machines.

To make labor lessons more high-tech today, you need a base, equipment, materials, specialists, in the end. Today, unfortunately, there is no continuity among teaching staff. After all, a teacher, before giving a child knowledge, must himself be able to work on machines and with his hands. There is currently a shortage of technology teachers for boys. In some schools, this subject is taught by women. What can they teach boys? Yes, they will provide theoretical knowledge from the textbook, but the most important thing is practice, for which 75% of the study time is given according to the program.

Sergey Zanin:“I believe that we should teach a child to work with his hands and teach him the basics of working with various tools and machines. And then he himself will decide in which direction to improve. If we go a little deeper into history. You know that Bismarck was the first to introduce labor training in German schools. And the emphasis was placed on manual labor. After which Germany began to develop rapidly as an industrial country. And it is still developing. France, England, and the USA followed her example. At the beginning of the 20th century, our country was one of the leaders in manual labor; about 5 thousand teachers worked at that time.”

After our conversation, I approached the boys who had just mastered electrical engineering in a technology lesson. Judging by the glowing eyes, they like it.

— What else would you like to do during technology lessons? - I ask them. The guys just smiled and ran to recess. Sergei Nikolaevich came to their aid:

“Our goal is to instill a love of work, interest children, and captivate them with creativity. But this requires materials, tools, machines, designers.”

HIGH-TECH VIEW FROM RGAT

If we move away from the standards, what might technology lessons be like in school? “Cheryomukha” addressed this question to one of the teachers of the Rybinsk State Aviation Technical University. He has his own vision, quite original.

Andrey Pechatkin, Head of the Department of Radioelectronic and Telecommunication Systems of the Russian State Aviation Technical University, Candidate of Technical Sciences: “In my opinion, you can go into more interesting areas, for example, robotics, which combines many areas of knowledge. And both girls and boys can do this. At the first stage, the child constructs his own robot. What function it will perform depends only on his imagination. In this case, children turn to such a field of knowledge as mechanics. An object has been created. Now you need to “breathe” life into it so that the robot can carry out the simplest commands - move in different directions, raise your hands, take something. This is where sciences such as programming and computer science come into play. After which it can be made more elegant - using a 3D printer to shape it. In this case, children are already mastering computer-aided design systems. The robot can be made colorful.”

Modern technology, which, by the way, is safe for children, allows this to be done. In addition, the robot can be radio-controlled. And let these toys grow with the children. And you can organize competitions - whose robot will overcome obstacles faster, get from point A to point B - fantasize ad infinitum. But it is also possible to create more realistic devices for the needs of the school, for example, thermal imagers - devices for monitoring the temperature distribution of the surface under study. With their help, we can determine whether heat leaks occur in the school, examine the body of humans and animals, plants, and answer the question of what happens to a conductor when an electric current passes through it.

What will it take to create robots? Standard kits for their creation, a computer and software, design programs and a 3D printer - everything, by the way, can be purchased today.

What will the reduction in hours for technology lessons in school lead to? Probably this means that children will work less and less with their hands. Everything that surrounds us is created by labor and hands. Labor is the basis of human life. Therefore, technology lessons at school should be productive. Labor is connected with the foundations of all sciences. It cultivates many qualities in a person: discipline, caution, perseverance, eye, perseverance, attentiveness. In the end, it shapes the child into a human being.

• Svetlana Bakunina

Subject:“Penguins on an Ice Floe” – origami.

Goals:

• Introduce the new model (penguin figurine) and the stages of production;
• Introduce new terms;
• Develop spatial imagination - the ability to read drawings, the ability to follow oral instructions;
• Development of memory and attention in the process of making a model;
• Development of creative imagination, fantasy, sense of taste when creating a composition;
• Repeat the rules for working with scissors and glue
• To instill in children a sense of accuracy and thrift while doing work
• Development of students' horizons

Material to complete the work:

• Colored cardboard
• Colored paper
• PVA glue

Lesson equipment:

• Sample work
• Schemes of model execution stages
• Tables with terms
• Antarctica map
• A fragment of the Reader's Digest film "Symphony of Life" (penguins) or a fragment of the film of the video encyclopedia for public education "Biology-3" (penguins)

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizational moment

2. Communicate the topic and purpose of the lesson

– Today in the lesson we will design from paper and create a composition. Designing from paper or origami is an amazing transformation of a square (a sign with the term is hung on the board).
Using origami-type design, you can make many toys, jewelry, beautiful panels, and various compositions. Of course, the creators of paper figurines took their models from nature. So we will turn to nature and go on a trip to Antarctica.
You guys know that a globe is a small model of the Earth. Look, the top of the globe is painted white and the bottom too. This is not without reason, as two opposite regions of the Earth are indicated on the globe. The northernmost is the Arctic and the southernmost is Antarctica.
Antarctica is a huge white country - a land encased in an icy shell - a huge continent. The depths of Antarctica store minerals: iron ore, diamonds, coal. Living and working in Antarctica is not easy. You won't find a colder place in the whole world. Even in summer it's 50 below zero here. And there’s nothing to say about winter for 90 years.
In the depths of the harsh Antarctica you will not find any animal or bird. All its inhabitants stay close to the shore. It’s warmer here, and it’s easier to get food in the sea. Antarctica is inhabited by seals, sea lions, elephant seals, whales, birds, and a lot of fish.
So, let’s go, and the Seven-Flowered Flower from V. Kataev’s fairy tale will help us with this:

Fly, fly, petal,
Through West to East
Through the North, through the South
Come back after making a circle.
As soon as you touch the ground -
Be, in my opinion, led...
Order that we end up in Antarctica!

We return to class. Video showing.

Questions after viewing

– Who met us in Antarctica? (Penguins.)

– What kind of penguins are they? (Penguins are ancient birds. Currently, there are 16 - 18 species of these interesting inhabitants of Antarctica. Birds cannot fly, because instead of wings they have paws-flippers that help them swim. Penguins are excellent divers. Thousands of thin feathers and subcutaneous fat helps them withstand such frosts.)

3. Sample design analysis

We will make an applique like this to commemorate our journey. (Show)

It will be somewhat unusual; its main characters will be made using the origami method.

- Let's see how many parts the penguin figurine is made of? (Alone.)

– What shape do you think the piece had before it was folded? (Square.)

-What kind of square figure is this? (Properties of a square.)

– I took a 10 cm square, but if I take a larger square, will it turn out to be such a penguin? (Yes, just bigger.)

– The size of the square does not affect our model, but we must remember that the size of the penguin must correspond to the size of the base. (Show.)

– How do we connect the model to the base? (We will glue it over the entire surface - this is an applique.)

4. Analysis of manufacturing technology

– What material will we make it from? (Made from colored paper.)

– Thin colored paper is convenient to fold. Let's outline a plan. (An instructional diagram is posted.)

- What should we do first? (Mark the square by folding and cut off the excess part.)

– Let's remember the safety rules when working with scissors.

- How will we finish the work? (Glue the model to the base.)

– What should we take as a basis? (Cardboard.)

– Why cardboard and not colored paper? (The paper bends and takes on an unsightly appearance.
Cardboard will not deform when in contact with glue.)

– Let’s remember the rules for working with glue.

5. Workplace equipment

Let's check the workplace. Let's remember once again what we need for the lesson:

– colored paper;
– cardboard;
- scissors;
- glue;
- napkin;
- backing oilcloth.

6. Independent work with frontal display

– Now we will do the work, for everything to work out well, you must clearly work according to the scheme.

1. Take a strip of black paper and mark a square by folding it. The place of the fold, speaking in a special language, is called a fold.
Fold - bend in a certain order. (A sign with the term is posted.)
2. We took scissors and cut off the excess part. Put down the scissors.

3. We must glue the model to the base. Let's take the base, what is missing from it? (Ice.)
4. To do this, take a sheet of white paper and cut out ice floes.
5. Place all the details on the base. I'll go check it out.
6. Glue it.
7. Let’s decorate our work (add a beak and eyes).
8. Let's make some more penguin models. (If possible.)
9. Let’s put aside our work, whoever succeeded.

7. Updating knowledge

– What new terms did you become familiar with?

– How did we do the work so as not to miss any action? (According to the diagrams.)

– What else did you remember from the lesson?

8. Display of works

– You worked well today.

9. Homework

– You can continue working, you can come up with a funny story about penguins for your application.