The role of chemistry in human life conclusion. The importance of chemistry in society

Chemistry finds application in various branches of human activity - medicine, agriculture, production of ceramics, varnishes, paints, automotive, textile, metallurgical and other industries. In everyday human life, chemistry is reflected primarily in various household chemicals (detergents and disinfectants, care products for furniture, glass and mirror surfaces, etc.), medicines, cosmetics, various plastic products, paints, adhesives, insect control agents, fertilizers, etc. This list can be continued almost endlessly; let’s look at just a few of its points.

Household chemicals

Among household chemicals, the first place in terms of scale of production and use is occupied by detergents, among which the most popular are various soaps, washing powders and liquid detergents (shampoos and gels).

Soaps are mixtures of salts (potassium or sodium) of unsaturated fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, etc.), with sodium salts forming solid soaps, and potassium salts forming liquid soaps.

Soaps are produced by the hydrolysis of fats in the presence of alkalis (saponification). Let's consider the production of soap using the example of saponification of tristearin (triglyceride of stearic acid):

where C 17 H 35 COONa is soap - the sodium salt of stearic acid (sodium stearate).

It is also possible to produce soap using alkyl sulfates (salts of esters of higher alcohols and sulfuric acid) as raw materials:

R-CH 2 -OH + H 2 SO 4 = R-CH 2 -O-SO 2 –OH (sulfuric acid ester) + H 2 O

R-CH 2 -O-SO 2 –OH + NaOH = R-CH 2 -O-SO 2 –ONa (soap - sodium alkyl sulfate) + H 2 O

Depending on the scope of application, there are household, cosmetic (liquid and solid) soaps, as well as handmade soap. You can additionally add various flavors, dyes or fragrances to the soap.

Synthetic detergents (washing powders, gels, pastes, shampoos) are chemically complex mixtures of several components, the main component of which is surfactants. Among surfactants, ionic (anionic, cationic, amphoteric) and nonionic surfactants are distinguished. For the production of synthetic detergents, non-genous anionic surfactants are usually used, which are alkyl sulfates, amino sulfates, sulfosuccinates and other compounds that dissociate into ions in an aqueous solution.

Powdered detergents usually contain various additives to remove grease stains. Most often it is soda ash or baking soda, sodium phosphates.

To some powders, chemical bleaches are added - organic and inorganic compounds, the decomposition of which releases active oxygen or chlorine. Sometimes, enzymes are used as bleaching additives, which, due to the rapid process of protein breakdown, effectively remove contaminants of organic origin.

Polymer products

Polymers are high-molecular compounds, the macromolecules of which consist of “monomeric units” - molecules of inorganic or organic substances connected by chemical or coordination bonds.

Products made from polymers are widely used in the everyday life of mankind - these are all kinds of household accessories - kitchen utensils, bathroom items, household and household appliances, containers, storage, packaging materials, etc. Polymer fibers are used to make a variety of fabrics, knitwear, hosiery, artificial fur curtains, carpets, upholstery materials for furniture and cars. Synthetic rubber is used to produce rubber products (boots, galoshes, sneakers, rugs, shoe soles, etc.).

Among the many polymer materials, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, polyacrylate and foam are widely used.

Among polyethylene products, the most popular in everyday life are polyethylene film, all kinds of containers (bottles, cans, boxes, canisters, etc.), pipes for sewerage, drainage, water and gas supply, armor, heat insulators, hot melt adhesive, etc. All these products are made from polyethylene, obtained in two ways - at high (1) and low pressure (2):

DEFINITION

Polypropylene is a polymer obtained by polymerization of propylene in the presence of catalysts (for example, a mixture of TiCl 4 and AlR 3):

n CH 2 =CH(CH 3) → [-CH 2 -CH(CH 3)-] n

This material is widely used in the production of packaging materials, household items, non-woven materials, disposable syringes, and in construction for vibration and noise insulation of interfloor ceilings in floating floor systems.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer obtained by suspension or emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride, as well as bulk polymerization:

It is used for electrical insulation of wires and cables, production of sheets, pipes, films for suspended ceilings, artificial leather, linoleum, profiles for the manufacture of windows and doors.

Polyvinyl chloride is used as a sealant in household refrigerators, instead of relatively complex mechanical seals. PVC is also used to make condoms for people with latex allergies.

Cosmetical tools

The main products of cosmetic chemistry are all kinds of creams, lotions, masks for the face, hair and body, perfumes, eau de toilette, hair dyes, mascaras, hair and nail varnishes, etc. The composition of cosmetic products includes substances that are contained in the tissues for which these products are intended. Thus, cosmetic preparations for the care of nails, skin and hair include amino acids, peptides, fats, oils, carbohydrates and vitamins, i.e. substances necessary for the life of the cells that make up these tissues.

In addition to substances obtained from natural raw materials (for example, all kinds of plant extracts), synthetic types of raw materials, which are obtained by chemical (usually organic) synthesis, are widely used in the production of cosmetics. Substances obtained in this way are characterized by a high degree of purity.

The main types of raw materials for the production of cosmetics are natural and synthetic animal (chicken, mink, pork) and vegetable (cotton, flaxseed, castor oil) fats, oils and waxes, hydrocarbons, surfactants, vitamins and stabilizers.

Andriyanova Elizaveta, Mankova Valentina

Chemistry is a wonderful world of mysteries and discoveries. It is precisely this that allows a person to extract from mineral, animal and plant materials substances that are each more amazing and wonderful than the other.

Look around and you will see that the life of a modern person is impossible without chemistry. Her role is enormous.

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Municipal educational budgetary institution

Tyukalinsky municipal district of Omsk region

"Tyukalinsky Lyceum"

Project topic: “Chemistry in our lives”

Educational and research work

Scientific direction: chemistry 9th grade

Completed:

9b grade students

Andriyanova Elizaveta and

Mankova Valentina

Project Manager:

Khinevich Tatyana Vasilievna,

chemistry teacher

Tyukalinsk - 2017

I Introduction …… ……………… …………………………… 3

1.Relevance of the topic, purpose, objectives, methods.................................... 3

II Main part……………………………………………………4-18

2. Theoretical material…………………………… 4-9

2.1 Water ……………………………………………………… …………………. 4

2.2 Chlorine…………………………………………… 4-6

2.3.Baking soda……………………………………6-7

2.4 Acetic acid……………………………………. 7-8

2.5 Citric acid……………. …………………… 8

2.6 Iodine ……………………………………………………… ……………….8-15

2.7. Ammonia……………………………………………………………………

2.8. Hydrogen peroxide ………………………………………

III Conclusion………………………………………………………19-22

5. Conclusions……………………………………………………… 19

7. Job prospects……………………………………. 21

8. Literature…………………………………………………………… 22

I Introduction

1. Relevance of the topic, goal, objectives, hypothesis, methods

Chemistry spreads its hands wide into human affairs... Wherever we look, wherever we look, the successes of its diligence appear before our eyes.

(M.V. Lomonosov)

Chemistry is a whole wonderful world, a world of mysteries and discoveries, a world of past, present and future. It is precisely this that allows a person to extract from mineral, animal and plant materials substances that are each more wonderful and amazing than the other. She not only copies nature, imitating it, but every year she begins to surpass it more and more. Thousands and tens of thousands of substances unknown to nature are born. With properties that are very useful and important for practice and for human life.

Look around and you will see that the life of a modern person is impossible without chemistry. We use chemistry in food production. We drive cars whose metal, rubber and plastic are made using chemical processes. We use perfumes, eau de toilette, soap and deodorants, the production of which is unthinkable without chemicals.Chemistry surrounds us at every step. Her role is enormous. Many life and natural processes are associated with chemistry. At all times, chemistry has served man in his practical activities, and continues to do so to this day. Knowledge of chemistry will definitely help you maintain your health, find a non-standard way to solve everyday problems, give answers to many of our questions, chemistry will reveal the secrets of not only things familiar to us, but also distant stars...

Goal of the work: Explore chemicals that help us in our lives.

Tasks: 1. To identify the level of information about chemicals used in our lives among parents and students of the 9th grade of the Tyukalinsky Lyceum.

2. Analyze information about chemicals on the Internet and popular science literature.

3. Process the results and draw conclusions.

Hypothesis: Not all substances are needed in human life.

Subject of study:chemical substances

Object of study:Chemical samples

Research methods:

1. Gathering information on the topic

2. Analysis of information on the topic

3. Observation

II Main part

1. Theoretical material

1. WATER

Water (hydrogen oxide) - binary inorganic compound With chemical formula H2O. At normal conditionsis a transparent colorless liquid (with a small layer thickness), smell and taste. In a solid state it is called ice (ice crystals can form snow or frost), and in gaseous form - water vapor . Water can also exist in the formliquid crystals.

The properties of water are used by living beings. In a living cell and in the intercellular space, solutions of various substances in water interact. Water is necessary for the life of all single-celled and multicellular living creatures on Earth without exception.

The living human body contains between 50% and 75% water, depending on weight and age. Loss of more than 10% of water by the human body can lead to death. Depending on the temperature and humidity of the environment, physical activity, etc., a person needs to drink different amounts of water.

Growing enough crops on open, dry land requires significant amounts of water to irrigation , reaching up to 90% in some countries.

Water is a solvent for many substances. It is used to clean both the person himself and various objects of human activity. Water is used as a solvent in industry.

Among liquids existing in nature, water has the highest heat capacity. The heat of evaporation is higher than the heat of evaporation of any other liquids. As coolant water is used in heating networks , for heat transfer heating mains from heat producers to consumers. Water in the form of ice is used for cooling in public catering systems and in medicine. Majoritynuclear power plantsuse water as a coolant.

Many sports are played on water surfaces, on ice, on snow and even under water. Thisdiving, hockey , boating, biathlon, short track, etc.

Water is used as a tool for loosening, splitting and even cutting rocks and materials.

Water is used aslubricant for bearing lubrication from wood, plastics, textolite, bearings with rubber linings, etc. Water is also used in emulsion lubricants.

2.2 CHLORINE

Chlorine (from Greek. χλωρός - “green”) -chemical element with atomic number 17 .Simple substance chlorine, at normal conditions- poisonous gas yellowish-green colors , heavier than air, with a sharp smell and sweetish, “metallic” taste. Molecule diatomic chlorine (formula Cl 2 ).

Chlorine is used in many industries, science and household needs: In productionpolyvinyl chloride, plastic compounds, synthetic rubber, from which are made: insulation for wires, window profiles,packaging materials, clothes and shoes, linoleum and records, varnishes, equipment and foam plastics , toys, instrument parts, building materials.

Window profile made from chlorine-containing polymers

The bleaching properties of chlorine have been known since ancient times.

Production of organochlorine insecticides - substances that kill insects harmful to crops, but are safe for plants. One of the most important insecticides.

For water disinfection - " chlorination " In chemical production of hydrochloric acid , bleach, poisons, medicines, fertilizers.

2.3.BAKING SODA

Sodium bicarbonate (Natrii hydrocarbonas) 3 (other names: baking soda, baking soda , sodium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate) - acid salt carbonic acidand sodium. Usually it is a white, fine-crystalline powder. It is used in the food industry, cooking, and medicine as a neutralizer for burns of human skin and mucous membranes by acids and to reduce the acidity of gastric juice.

Applicable in the chemical industry - for productiondyes, foam plastics and other organic products, fluoride reagents, household chemicals, fillers in fire extinguishers, for separating carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide from gas mixtures.

In light industry - in the production of sole rubber and artificial leather, tanning (tanning and neutralizing leather), textile industry (finishing silk and cotton fabrics).

In the food industry - bakery, confectionery production, preparation of drinks.

Sodium bicarbonate is included in the powder used in powder systems fire fighting , utilizing heat and pushing oxygen away from the combustion site with the released carbon dioxide.

2.4. ACETIC ACID

Acetic acid (ethanoic acid) - organic substance with the formula CH 3 COOH. Weak, monobasiccarboxylic acid.

Acetic acid is a colorless liquid with a characteristic sharp smell and sour taste. Hygroscopic, i.e. absorbs water.

Aqueous solutions of acetic acid are widely used in the food industry ( food additive E260 ) and household cooking, as well as in canning.

Acetic acid is used to obtain medicinal and aromatic substances, such as solvent. It is used in printing and dyeing.

Acetic acid is used to remove scale.

Acetic acid is used as a reaction medium for the oxidation of various organic substances.

Since acetic acid vapor has a strong irritating odor, it can be used for medical purposes as a replacementammoniato bring the patient out of fainting.

Acetic acid vapors irritate the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. The effect of acetic acid on biological tissue depends on the degree of its dilution with water. Solutions in which the acid concentration exceeds 30% are considered dangerous. Concentrated acetic acid can cause chemical burns.

2.5. LEMON ACID

Lemon acid(C6H8O7 ) White crystalline substance. Well soluble in water.

Citric acid crystals under a microscope.

Widely used in the food industry and in household chemicals as a cleaning agent.

Citric acid is dangerous only in very large quantities, as it causes burns to the digestive tract.

2.6. IODINE

Iodine (from Old Greek ἰώδης - “violet ( violet )") .

Simple substance iodine at normal conditions- black-gray crystals with purple metallic shine , easily forms purple couples , having a sharp smell.

Iodine is poisonous. Lethal dose - 3 g . Causes damage to the kidneys and cardiovascular system. When inhaling iodine vapor, a headache, cough, runny nose appears, maybe pulmonary edema . Contact with the mucous membrane of the eyes causes lacrimation, eye pain and redness. If ingested, general weakness, headache, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, brown coating on the tongue, heart pain and increased heart rate appear. After a day, blood appears in the urine. After 2 days, kidney failure appears and myocarditis . Without treatment, death occurs.

5 percent alcohol iodine solution is used for disinfection skin around the injury (torn, cut or other wound), but not for oral administration if there is iodine deficiency in the body.

In forensic science, iodine vapor is used to detectfingerprintson paper surfaces, such as banknotes.

Iodine is used inlight sources:

halogen lamps- as a component of the gas filler of the flask for deposition of evaporated tungsten filament back onto it.

Iodine is used as a component of the positive electrode (oxidizing agent) in lithium iodine batteries for cars.

In recent years, the demand for iodine from manufacturers of liquid crystal displays has sharply increased.

In animals and humans, iodine is part of the so-called hormones producedthyroid gland,having a multifaceted effect on the growth, development and metabolism of the body.

The human body (body weight 70 kg) contains 12-20 mg of iodine. A person’s daily need for iodine is determined by age, physiological state and body weight. For a middle-aged person of normal build, the daily dose of iodine is 0.15 mg.

The absence or deficiency of iodine in the diet (which is typical in some areas) leads to diseases (endemic goiter, cretinism, Graves' disease).

Also, with a slight lack of iodine, fatigue, headache, depressed mood, natural laziness, nervousness and irritability are noted; memory and intelligence weakens. Over time, arrhythmia appears, blood pressure rises, and the level of hemoglobin in the blood drops.

2.7.AMMONIA

Ammonia (nitride hydrogen) is a chemical compound with the formula NH 3, at normal conditions- colorless gas with a sharp characteristic odor.

Liquid ammonia is a good solvent for a very large number of organic, as well as many inorganic compounds. Solid ammonia is colorless cubic crystals.

According to its physiological effect on the body, it belongs to the group of substances with asphyxiating and neurotropic effects, which, if inhaled, can cause toxic pulmonary edema and severe damage to the nervous system.

Ammonia vapors strongly irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory organs, as well as the skin. This is what a person perceives as a pungent odor. Ammonia vapors cause excessive lacrimation, eye pain, chemical burns of the conjunctiva and cornea, loss of vision, coughing attacks, redness and itching of the skin. When liquefied ammonia and its solutions come into contact with the skin, a burning sensation occurs, and a chemical burn with blisters and ulcerations is possible.

Mainly used for nitrogen production fertilizers (ammonium nitrate and sulfate, urea ), explosives and polymers , nitric acid, soda (using the ammonia method) and other chemical industry products. Liquid ammonia is used as solvent

IN refrigeration technologyused asrefrigerant(R717)

In medicine 10% ammonia solution, more commonly calledammonia, is used for fainting conditions (to stimulate breathing), to stimulate vomiting, as well as externally - neuralgia, myositis, insect bites, for treating the surgeon's hands.

The physiological effect of ammonia is due to the pungent odor of ammonia, which irritates specific receptors in the nasal mucosa and stimulates the respiratory and vasomotor centers of the brain, causing increased breathing and increased blood pressure.3% hydrogen peroxide solution

Due to its strong oxidizing properties, hydrogen peroxide has found wide application in everyday life and in industry, where it is used, for example, as bleach in textile production and paper production.

Applicable as rocket fuel, as an oxidizing agent. Used inanalytical chemistry, as a foaming agent in the production of porous materials, in productiondisinfectantsand bleaching agents.

Although dilute solutions of hydrogen peroxide are used for small superficial wounds. Providing an antiseptic effect and cleansing, it also prolongs healing time. While hydrogen peroxide has good cleansing properties, it does not actually speed up wound healing. Sufficiently high concentrations to provide an antiseptic effect may also prolong healing time due to damage to cells adjacent to the wound. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide can interfere with healing and promote scarring by destroying newly formed skin cells. Without pre-treatment with hydrogen peroxide, an antiseptic solution will not be able to remove these pathological formations, which will lead to a significant increase in wound healing time and worsen the patient's condition.

Hydrogen peroxide is also used for bleaching hair and teeth whitening , however, the effect in both cases is based on oxidation, and therefore tissue destruction. INFood IndustryHydrogen peroxide solutions are used to disinfect technological surfaces of equipment in direct contact with products. In addition, in enterprises producing dairy products and juices, hydrogen peroxide solutions are used to disinfect packaging (" Tetra Pak "). For technical purposes, hydrogen peroxide is used in the production of electronic equipment.

In everyday life it is also used to remove MnO stains. 2 , formed during the interaction of potassium permanganate (“potassium permanganate”) with objects (due to its reducing properties).

A 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide is used in the aquarium hobby to revive suffocated fish, as well as to clean aquariums and control unwanted flora and fauna in the aquarium.

III Conclusion

5. Conclusions

1. There are a lot of chemicals in our lives that we need.
2. In order to use chemicals in everyday life, you need to know about them: how they are used, what properties they have, what safety rules need to be followed.

1. Save water and use only the required amount.
2. Before using any chemical, carefully read the instructions.
3. Do not use expired chemicals.

7. Job prospects

Conduct an analysis of other chemicals found in our lives.

8. Literature

1. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
2. Encyclopedic Dictionary of a Young Chemist Kritsman V.A., Stanzo V.V., M, Prosveshchenie, 1990.
3. I explore the world: Children's encyclopedia. Plants. M. AST, 1996.

Chemistry is a science without which the modern world is unthinkable. Chemistry is necessary for the production of synthetic clothing, for the production of household chemicals, food additives for modern products. Synthetic materials have become familiar to us. You won’t find a home without plastic bags, plastic cups or linoleum anymore. Even tap water is chlorinated for disinfection purposes.

It is impossible to imagine anything without chemistry and chemical reactions. ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, as well as heavy engineering. Without the chemical process of vulcanization, even the simplest rubber cannot be produced.

Knowledge of chemistry helps a person navigate in the household. We have long been accustomed to washing with washing gels, washing with foam, washing our hands with soap, wiping mirrors and cleaning carpets with special chemicals.

Without chemical knowledge, you cannot produce even a simple aspirin, even a simple vial of iodine. All pharmaceutical industry world is based on chemical reactions and the synthesis of chemicals.

All modern technology is based on knowledge of chemistry, physics and biology. medicine. It is difficult to imagine a doctor who would not know that rickets occurs with a lack of vitamin D, brittle bones with a lack of calcium in the body, and that the relationship of a child and his parents can be established using a chemical DNA test.

Today they are increasingly talking about the fact that Chemicals exist in our everyday lives in abundance. Foaming agents - in a bottle of beer, preservatives - in cookies and in milk cartons, stabilizers - in drinks, flavor enhancers - even in ordinary sausage, residues of detergents and powders - on washed clothes, on the human body and on dishes. Excessive use of chemical products is not useful, but very harmful and often dangerous for humans. You should always remember this!

"Chemistry in human life" message Grade 8 will briefly talk about the chemical processes that surround us and affect our life. Also, the message “The Role of Chemistry in Human Life” can be used to prepare an abstract on a given topic.

Message “Chemistry in human life”

Why is chemistry needed in human life and in nature? Look around and you will see that our world consists almost entirely of it. The most striking example of this is oxygen - a substance without which living beings could not exist on the planet. He participates in such important processes as:

• Breath
• Combustion
• Rotting

And this is only the smallest part. Chemistry covers all branches of industry and influences all processes occurring in nature.

1. Chemistry in industry

Industrial sectors such as the production of building materials, mechanical engineering, agriculture, metallurgy, electronics manufacturing, light industry, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, and petrochemistry depend on chemical products. Thanks to chemistry, medicines and food products that are necessary for our life are produced. The chemical industry has made significant progress in the production of weapons. But at the same time, industrial enterprises harm the environment; they gradually poison us and provoke the emergence of new diseases.

1. Casual life

It is difficult to imagine everyday life and everyday life of a person without chemistry and the benefits of chemical production. Cleaning and detergents, lipstick, credit card, headphones, glasses, computer, these are the things that have become an integral part of our lives and which are the brainchild of chemical production (or rather the oil refining industry). It should be noted that more than 6,000 types of products are made from oil. The most popular and used by us are:

• Plastic. It is present in industrial and household appliances, trains, cars, food containers, and office supplies.
• Petrolatum. It is an important part of medicine, cosmetology and the food industry.
• Synthetic fabrics. Among them are pleasant and soft acrylic, elastic lycra, durable nylon, and wrinkle-resistant polyester.

Oil is also used in food products, where it replaces animal protein.

1. Chemistry and food

Did you know that drinking water is pure chemistry, the formula of which everyone remembers from their school days. By drinking a glass of water, a person consumes a real cocktail of inorganic substances: iodine, fluorine, calcium, selenium and so on. If we talk about food, the first thing that comes to mind is the word “monosodium glutamate” - a substance that makes almost everything tasty. It is found in chips, seasonings, sausages, milk, fish, soy products, and so on. There are a huge number of such substances, and they are not always healthy.

Thus, chemistry has been our companion since the creation of the world. Man has learned to launch complex chemical processes that we don’t even think about. Without chemistry, the modern world would not exist in the form in which we see it now.

We hope that the “Chemistry in Human Life” message briefly outlined in this article helped you prepare for the lesson. You can add a short story about chemistry in human life using the comment form below.

Glycine was the first of twenty different amino acids isolated from natural proteins in the next century.

French chemist Michel Eugene Chevreul (1786-1889) devoted the first half of his very long creative life to the study of fats. In 1809, he treated soap (made by heating fat with alkali) with acid and isolated what we now call fatty acids. Later he showed that, turning into soap, fats lose glycerin.

Berthelot in 1954, by heating glycerol with stearic acid (one of the most common fatty acids derived from fats), obtained a molecule consisting of a glycerol molecule residue and three stearic acid molecule residues. This tristearin, which turned out to be identical to tristearin obtained from natural fats, was the most complex natural product analogue synthesized to that time. A chemist can synthesize a compound from inanimate products that is organic in all its properties. It is with the synthesis of analogues of natural products that the greatest achievements of organic chemistry of the second half of the 19th and 20th centuries are associated.

The role of chemistry in the modern world and its future.

In an atmosphere of “chemiphobia,” one must be fully aware of the impossibility of social progress without the development of chemistry and the application of its achievements to solve problems of energy, ecology, national defense, healthcare, industrial development, and agriculture.

Suffice it to say that 92% of the energy currently consumed by society comes from chemical processes. And if modern energy creates environmental problems, then it is not chemistry that is to blame, but the illiterate or dishonest use of the products of its activities (chemical processes, products, materials).

We must remember that chemistry is not only DDT, defoliants, nitrates and dioxins. But also sugar and salt, air and validol, milk and magnesium, polyethylene and penicillin.

Everything we use, wear, live in, move around, play with is produced through controlled chemical reactions.

The occupation of a chemist is the invention of reactions that transform the substances around us into those that serve to satisfy our needs.

We need to have an effective treatment for Parkinson's disease. Chemists synthesize carbidopa, a compound that is not found in nature but has high therapeutic activity.

Millions of cars pollute the atmosphere. This problem is partly helped by an automobile catalytic converter of exhaust gases.

There are now more than 8 million synthesized compounds. Chemistry plays a role in solving problems of providing people with food, clothing and housing, new energy sources, in creating renewable substitutes for depleted or rare materials, in promoting human health, in monitoring and protecting the environment.

Since all life processes are caused by chemicals. changes, knowledge of chemical reactions provides the necessary foundation for understanding the essence of life. In this way, chemistry contributes to the solution of problems of universal philosophical significance.

The tragedy in Bhopal (India) clearly shows the two sides of chemistry. Thousands were poisoned by toxic substances used to produce food, saving millions of people each year from starvation.