Kondratyev Sashka analysis of the episode of the capture of a German. “A feat is not born immediately: for this you need to have a generous soul

TOPIC: MAN AT WAR, THE TRUTH ABOUT HIM.

CRUEL REALITIES AND ROMANCE

IN MILITARY PROSE.

PURPOSE: to reveal the features of prose works about war, drawing attention to the deepest moral conflicts, special tension in the confrontation of characters, feelings, beliefs in the tragic situation of war.

DURING THE CLASSES

And among the dead, the voiceless,

There is one consolation:

The manor of the Motherland fell,

But she is saved.

A.T. Tvardovsky

1. Checking homework.

Students prepare texts of works, highlighting the main examples and commenting with their reasoning in notes.

2.Teacher's word:

Poetry of the Great Patriotic War. These lines of joy, victory and pain of loved ones and relatives, they reflect the history of our homeland and the fate of the Russian people in those terrible years.

Over time, there are fewer and fewer of us who met the fateful dawn on June 22, 1941. Those who defended Moscow in the harsh autumn of 1941, who experienced the bloody snow of Stalingrad, who walked half of Europe on their bellies. On the eve of the 65th anniversary of VICTORY Day in the Great Patriotic War, today we will discuss an important problem that writers and poets of the war years approached with great caution - the man of war, and the truth about him. Already during the Great Patriotic War and soon after its end, works dedicated to this national tragedy appeared. War literature developed in three directions:

1st - artistic and documentary - depiction of historical events and exploits of real people.

2nd - heroic-epic prose, glorifying the feat of the people.

3rd - depiction of the “non-heroic” sides of trench life and understanding of the individual human personality.

In the 50s, literature about war began to flourish. Today we will talk about the common, united, most important truth, about the people's truth.

Poetry became a “seismograph” of the mental state of a person and society during the war.

1941 - K. Simonov wrote the poem “Wait for me.”

Student: This is how the poet himself told the story of the appearance of this poem in print: “Wait for me” is a deeply personal poem, it was intended for publication by me. In December 1941, having arrived from the front, I went to see Pyotr Nikolaevich Pospelov (the executive editor of Pravda). In the conversation, he asked if I had any poems for Pravda. I didn't have anything suitable. There is truth, one poem, I said, but it is intimate...” Printed in the newspaper, the next day the poem resonated in the hearts of millions.

(The student reads the poem “Wait for me”).

Student: 1942. M. Gudzenko poem “Before the attack” (reads the poem and analyzes it).

Student: P. Suvorov poem “Revenge” 1943 (reads the poem and analyzes it).

Teacher: Let's dwell on the works of writers studied earlier in literature lessons and express our attitude to the feelings and beliefs of the characters in especially tragic situations. The teacher invites students to participate in a discussion on the proposed questions for the studied works.

M.A. Sholokhov's story “The Fate of a Man”

1. What are the circumstances of the hero’s capture?

2. How does Andrei Sokolov behave in captivity?

3. What did he have to endure and how did he survive?

Conclusion: Sholokhov absolves the hero of the blame for being captured. Andrei was shell-shocked by the explosion after a shell hit near his car and was unable to resist.

Vyacheslav Kondratyev's story "Sashka".

1.Why can’t Sashka shoot a captured German?

2.What strikes him about the prisoner?

3. Why does Sashka have terrible doubts about the fairness and unnecessaryness of what he was ordered? How do you understand them?

4. Why did the battalion commander first order the Germans to be shot, and then still cancel his order?

5.What are Sashka’s ideas about justice?

Conclusion: Sashka did not lose his humanity, did not become bitter, and constantly listened to his intuition, which never let him down.

ViktorNekrasov story “One Night”

1. Why did the main character of the story, Ivan Voloka, become friendly towards the German while under the rubble?

2. When did he feel a real enemy in him?

Conclusion: It is difficult to lose human feelings and replace them with cruelty, left alone with danger.

Yuri Bondarev novel “Hot Snow”

1. Compare the images of Kuznetsov and Drozdovsky.

2. Reveal their relationship with the fighters, with the authorities, with Zoya, with a friend.

Conclusion: The heroes passed the test of humanity through trials by fire. A person’s loss does not simply arise as a result of shocks, but is the result of an initially incorrect position in life.

Valentin Rasputin's story “Live and Remember.”

1.What is Andrey Guskov’s weakness?

2.How does he change after desertion?

3. How did Nastya change after meeting her husband?

4. How do you understand the title of the story?

Oleg Ermakov novel “Mark of the Beast”

1. What time is reflected in the novel?

2. What is the originality and composition of the novel.

3. How does the hero resist the mark of the beast?

4. What is your attitude towards the hero and that time?

5. Which episode in the novel was especially memorable?

Conclusion: War is an inevitable and predetermined state of the human soul, filled with evil and aggression. The novel expresses the motive of ineradicable guilt over the events in Afghanistan.

Teacher:

There is nothing more dangerous than forgetting what happened in the war. Remembering is painful, but forgetting is deadly. For all humanity, because the world can only stand on the principles of humanism, love, mercy and conviction, and that besides your priceless life there are also values, those that make this world a world of people and preserve for a person what makes him human, even in inhumane atmosphere of war.

Whoever says that there is no fear in war is

Knows nothing about the war...

Yulia Drunina

And among the dead, the voiceless,

There is one consolation:

We fell for our Motherland,

But she is saved.

A.T. Tvardovsky

RESULTS OF THE LESSON

- What kind of man of war is he and the truth about him?

Together with the teacher, they draw a general conclusion on the topic.

HOMEWORK: Write an essay-argument, taking as an epigraph the words suggested at the beginning of the lesson:

War - there is no crueler word,

War - there is no sadder word.

War - there is no holier word...

Sections: Literature

Goals:

1. To identify the specifics of the depiction of war and the character of an ordinary soldier in Kondratiev’s prose.
2. Develop the ability to analyze text, understand the characters of literary heroes.
3. To cultivate a sense of patriotism, to give students the opportunity to touch with their hearts the moral origins of the depiction of war, to try on both the heroism and tragedy of those days, to try to put themselves in the place of Kondratieff’s hero.

Lesson equipment:

1. Text by Kondratiev “Sashka”.
2. Portrait of a writer.
3. Illustrations for the work.
4. A stand about the life and work of the writer.

Progress of the lesson

To all those who fought near Rzhev -
This story is dedicated to the living and the dead...
(Epigraph on the board)

We have addressed the military topic more than once in literature lessons. The theme of war is leading in literature at the present stage. Writers such as Kondratiev, Vorobiev, Yuri Bondarev, Evgeniy Nosov, Vyacheslav Kondratiev shed light on the military theme in a new way, showing the war not through the eyes of generals and officers, but through the eyes of an ordinary soldier.

We read a lot of works about the war. ...Which of them were especially memorable?

(Students' answers.)

Vyacheslav Leonidovich Kondratyev (1921–1993) is a graphic designer by profession, and a great writer by vocation. In 1939, from his first year at university, he joined the army and served in the Far East. In December 1941, after numerous reports, he was sent to the front among 50 junior commanders. At the turning point from winter to spring 1942, Kondratyev near Rzhev. We can judge the severity of the battles suffered by the fighters there by the fact that in just the first week he was an assistant platoon commander, took over the company of the killed commander as the platoon commander, and after replenishment he was again the platoon commander. Then new battles, painful, unsuccessful, the kind that front-line soldiers remember with a tight throat when they read or listen to “I was killed near Rzhev” by Alexander Tvardovsky (student reads a poem).

Vacation after Rzhev, after vacation back on the road, service in the railway troops, in intelligence. At the end of 1943 - seriously wounded, six months in the hospital - limited fitness, disability...

In his middle age, he took up stories about the war. “Apparently the summer has come, maturity has come, and with it a clear understanding that war is the most important thing that I had in my life. Memories began to torment me, I even felt the smell of war, I did not forget, although the 60s were already passing. The boys began to dream, smoking cigarettes and looking at the sky, waiting for the bomber. Avidly reading prose about the war, I searched in vain and did not find my own war in it, although there was only one war. I realized that only I myself can tell about my war,” writes Kondratiev.

Vyacheslav Kondratyev looks at all the young heroes as if from 1942, through the prism of moaning, pain, the cry of the soul through the eyes of that young poet, as he himself was in the Rzhev patch.

...And it is not the warrior who dies on the field,
A soldier not terrible for the enemy,
And the little boy who,
Writhing in pain
In the last moan the mother calls out...

“Assassination”, “Selizharovsky tract”, “Meetings at Sretenka”, “Red Gate”, “Greetings from the front”, “Atoning with blood”, “Battles of local significance”... this is not a complete list of what came from the pen Kondratieva.

The story “Sashka” is a story dedicated to all those who fought near Rzhev - living and dead... it brought the author wide fame and placed him in the forefront of literature. Appeared in the magazine “Friendship of Peoples” in 1979 (with a foreword by K. Simonov).

“The story of Sashka is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place, in the most difficult position - as a soldier,” writes K. Simonov.

– What is this story about?

– About life in war, about life, which naturally includes battles; about the incredibly difficult everyday life of war; the writer in the story expressed what could be called the deepest essential tragic prosaism of the war.

- So, Sashka has been on the front line for two months. How does Kondratiev write about this? (Text.)

- “The rockets splashed into the sky, as usual...”

– A terrible picture is painted, but it turns out as usual.

– What do you think, is 2 months a lot or a little?

(Students' answers.)

– War is war, and it brings only death. How is the war portrayed in the text? (Text.)

- “The villages they took stood as if dead...”

– War is not just military actions and the life of soldiers. What does Kondratiev say about life in war?

- The bread is bad. No navaru. A feeling of emptiness in the stomach that gripped them all several times a day. No smoking. No ammunition. Dirt. Lice and a beaten-down company. There are almost no fellow Far Eastern soldiers left, just one or two. Of the 150 people in the company, 16 remained. Almost the entire brigade was knocked out. Rusty, blood-swollen earth. In two months, 9 out of every ten died.

– The order established at the forefront speaks volumes. It’s wounded - give me the machine gun, and take your own three-ruler model 1891... (Text, student answers.)

Sashka always remembers how many comrades never see a way back. “All the fields are in ours..” is one of the main motives of the story.

1. He gets felt boots for the company commander. “I wouldn’t do it for myself, if those felt boots were in vain! But I feel sorry for the company commander. His pims are soaked through with water, and you won’t be able to dry them over the summer...”
2. Under fire, he returns to say goodbye to the guys and hand over the machine gun (it’s a shame to leave without saying goodbye).
3. He leads the orderlies to the wounded man, without relying on them to find him themselves. (“He knows these sanitary platoon soldiers, you can’t drag them to the front with a lasso. They’ll come back and say they didn’t find them, they say, or the wounded man died. Who will check them? But he gave his word. To the dying man, his word!..)
4. He takes a German prisoner and refuses to shoot him. (Text.)
5. Meeting with Zina. (Text.)
6. Helps out Lieutenant Volodka. (Text.)

– Why do you think Kondratiev attracted our attention to these episodes?

– It is in these episodes that Sashka’s image is revealed most fully.

– Kondratiev shows in the story the inhumanity of war, but the war could not dehumanize Sashka. The writer led his hero through tests of power, love, and friendship. Let's follow through the text how Sashka passes these tests. Briefly retell the episode in which you take a German prisoner.

“...The company ran into German intelligence...”

– What makes Sashka like you in this episode?

- Kindness, compassion, humanity, he has his own opinion on everything...

- Why can’t Sashka shoot the German he captured?

– After all, it was written in the leaflet: life and return to the homeland after the war are guaranteed. And he, Sashka, promised the German life. Yes, those who burned the village... Sashka would have shot these arsonists mercilessly if they had been caught, but how can you shoot an unarmed person? How?

– Sashka saw a lot of death during this time - if you live to be a hundred years old, you won’t see so much - but the value of human life did not diminish from this in his mind...

-What strikes him about the prisoner?

- He’s just as young as he is, he looks like Sashka’s village friend...

- There is one very important passage in the story - “there is some kind of barrier or barrier in his soul that he is not able to cross.” Why can this barrier collapse and what does it lead to when it is crossed?

– A person commits betrayal, treason (“Sotnikov” by V. Bykov).

– The author writes in the story: “For the first time in his entire service in the army, during the months at the front, Sashka’s habit of obeying unquestioningly and terrible doubt about the justice and necessity of what he was ordered collided in desperate contradiction...” How do you understand these words?

(Students' answers.)

– Why did the battalion commander first order the Germans to be shot, and then still cancel his order? How does this characterize the captain?

(Students' answers.)

– Conclusion. So, Sashka passed the test of power. In the episode with the captured German, Sashka’s spiritual qualities are manifested, such as humanism, truth, moral choice, the value of life; power as right and power as responsibility. (“And then only Sashka realized what a terrible power he now has over the German. After all, from his every gesture he either dies or comes to hope.”)

– A meeting with Zina is a test of love (a brief retelling of the episode, a conversation based on the text).

– What does Zina mean in Sashka’s life?

– He saved a life, this is his first love, he is waiting to meet him, but his expectations are interrupted by constant anxiety about his native company. (“It is impossible to live according to laws other than the laws of the advanced.”) The party causes anger “you can’t have fun when all the fields are ours,” finds out that she is dancing with the lieutenant, bitterly, painfully, but realizing that her attitude towards him is just pity, and besides, having learned that she has someone else, Sashka, without recovering, leaves the hospital.

“And again, having gone through everything that he and Zina had that day and evening, remembering again all their conversations and imagining her life here over these months, he came to the conclusion that Zina is not subject to jurisdiction... It’s just war. And he has no grudge against her.”

Then he will tell the village woman Pasha about everything, and she will tell him: “It’s good that you don’t blaspheme Zina. Fair means. I entered into her female position, I understood.”

Sashka does a noble deed. He managed to understand and forgive Zina, he thinks not about himself, but about her.

Conclusion. So, Sashka remains Sashka. Justice and kindness prevailed. He is sure that Zina and the lieutenant are in love. And if it’s love, what right does he have to interfere with her? He leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary conversations. He wouldn't have it any other way. True love, which makes it possible to understand and forgive your loved one and does not allow him to hurt.

– Test of friendship (the story of a strong front-line friendship with Lieutenant Volodka).

- “And a plate, thrown by the hand of an enraged Volodya, flew at the major...”

– What are Sashka’s motives for interceding for Lieutenant Volodka?

- Sashka took the blame upon himself, reasoned that this trick would not go in vain for the lieutenant, and he, a private, perhaps would not be punished severely, and if they were punished, they would not send him further than the front end, and he was no stranger to...

– Do we condemn Sasha for this act or justify it?

Lesson summary.

In an inhuman, bloody war, a person remains a person, and people remain people. This is the main thing for a writer. This is what the story about a terrible war, about preserved humanity, was written about.

Kondratiev's heroes, especially Sashka, are attractive because they do not think about themselves and act beyond what is necessary.

– What is the most important thing for a Kondratieff hero?

– Do not be overwhelmed by death, infected with the virus of savagery, cruelty, lust for power. (Students' answers.)

American journalist Henrik Smith wrote: “Western people sometimes know more about some historical events in the Soviet Union than Russian youth. Such historical deafness has led to the development of a generation of young people who know neither villains nor heroes and worship only the stars of Western rock music. Among the books that can excite young people, evoke deep emotions and reflections not only about the hero, about the author, but also about themselves, is V. Kondratiev’s story “Sashka”.

So let's not be Ivans who don't remember kinship...

Homework: write a review of Kondratiev’s work “Sashka”.

We recently celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Victory over fascism. But speaking about the world-historical greatness of our Victory, let’s try to touch with our hearts its living sources, first of all moral, and “try on” both the heroism and tragedy of those days. The work of V. Kondratiev provides rich material for this. V. Kondratyev entered literature later than other writers of the front-line generation: Baklanov, Bykov, Astafiev, K. Vorobyov; they began to be published during the “thaw” period, in the late 50s, and he wrote his first work in the late 70s. His stories “Sashka”, “Selinarovsky Tract”, “Leave for Wounds”, “Meetings on Sretenka” are a kind of monologue about the paths of the front generation. Not accepting lies, the slightest inaccuracy in the historical science’s depiction of the past war, its participant, writer V. Astafiev, harshly evaluates what was done: “... As a soldier, I have nothing to do with what is written about the war. I was in a completely different war.. "Half-truths have tormented us." V. Kondratyev also revealed his truth about the war, which smelled of sweat and blood, to us, although he himself believed that “Sashka” was “only a small fraction of what needs to be told about the Victorious Soldier.” The story "Sashka" was published in 1979. The story is set in the terrible year 1942, grueling battles near Rzhev. There are dead villages all around, land torn apart by shells and mines. The order established at the forefront speaks volumes: “If you’re wounded, give the machine gun to the one who’s left behind, and take your dear three-ruler.” There is nothing to brag about about life: “it’s tight with food, and with ammunition, ... I don’t have the strength to bury the guys.” Out of one hundred and fifty people in the company, sixteen remained, and the company had been fighting for only two months. Kondratiev takes his hero through the trials of power, love and friendship. How did Sashka survive these tests?

Showing desperate courage, he saved the German from being captured. He takes it with almost bare hands, he has no cartridges, he gave his disk to the company commander. But the “language” is silent, and the company commander orders the prisoner to be taken to headquarters. On the way, Sashka promises the German life, saying that we don’t shoot prisoners. But the battalion commander, having not obtained any information from the “tongue,” orders him to be shot. Sashka did not obey the order. He realized that unlimited power over the life and death of another person is terrible. Sashka is endowed with a heightened sense of responsibility for everything that happens around him;

he is ashamed of the Germans for the poor defense, for the unburied soldiers. He firmly believes in the veracity of our leaflet, which promises a prisoner of war a good life.” And Sashka cannot accept the position of the connected battalion commander Tolik, that, they say, “our business is a calf’s.” Sashka’s decision, his doubts influenced the battalion commander:

he canceled the order to shoot the prisoner. True, in the real-life case on which this episode is based, everything ended much more tragically: the commander did not cancel the order, the prisoner of war who believed the leaflet was shot, and the soldier who carried out the order and later told this story to the writer was tormented all his life: was he right? entered? Could he have acted differently without violating his military duty?

The test of love is no less important for understanding the essence of Sashka’s character. He saved Zina’s life, fell in love with her, and waited to meet her. But the joy of the date is overshadowed by thoughts about his native company: “someone will certainly be spanked today.” He cannot understand how one can have fun “when all the fields are ours.” And then the news hits Sashka that Zina is dancing with the lieutenant at the party. Sashka spends a difficult night, and yet comes to the conclusion that “Zina is unconvicted... It’s just war... And he has no grudge against her!” Justice and kindness prevail here too. Sashka understands that Zina and the lieutenant are in love, and he leaves without hurting the girl with unnecessary conversations.

A brief friendship at the front connects Sashka with Lieutenant Volodya; they meet on the way to the hospital, and when the well-fed major comes to calm the disgruntled wounded, who are given two spoons of millet for dinner, a plate thrown at him by the hand of the enraged Volodya flies at him, and Sashka takes all the blame on him. myself. He reasoned this way: the lieutenant would not get away with this trick, the tribunal in wartime was harsh, and he, a private, “wouldn’t be sent further than the limber,” and he was no stranger to that.

Kondratyev strives to talk about the actions of Sashka and his fellow soldiers in a language devoid of pathos, prosaically, with restraint. Here the wounded are waiting to be loaded onto a boat heading towards them under enemy fire. They will have to swim back under the same fire. What are they thinking about at this - perhaps for some of them the last moment? “And thoughts turned to something else. They were late for breakfast, they’ll have to wait for lunch, but what will it be like - with bread or with crackers, will it be millet again or will they give you something else in the rear?”

The story of what happened to Sashka over the course of several days of his military life is constructed as a chain of sequentially unfolding episodes, seen through the eyes of the hero himself. Hence the “fairytale” style of narration, which gives the reader the opportunity, following the writer, to enter “inside” the hero, to transform into Sasha. According to the critic I. Dedkov, “The Tale of Sashka becomes a story about life, tormented by war, but preserving, through a truly heroic effort, living diversity, dignity and a human face. Starting from the Ovsyannikovsky ravine, from an inch of front-line land, the story all the time seems to expand, capturing an ever-increasing space of faces, of life, ever deeper, more popular, finally reaching, as if rising from a secret to a mountain, Moscow!”

And one more motive is inherent in Kondratiev’s work: the price of victory, the duty of the living to the fallen. It is not for nothing that the setting of the story is Rzhev, the same Rzhev where Tvardovsky’s nameless soldier was killed. How many people died in these “local battles”, but they could have lived, loved, raised children...

I know it's not my fault
The fact that others did not come from the war,
The fact that they - some older, some younger -
We stayed there, and it’s not about the same thing,
That I could, but failed to save them, -
This is not about that, but still, still, still... -

these words of Tvardovsky are consonant with the thoughts and feelings of Kondratiev and his heroes. There, during the war, Kondratiev understood the intrinsic value of each individual life, which is why he experienced our irrevocable losses so bitterly.

On September 23, 1993, Kondratiev passed away. It is difficult to find the reason for his suicide, but one cannot help but think about the tragedy of the generation of front-line soldiers, whose hopes for changing their lives for the better were largely dashed. Having survived the hard times of war, they found themselves defenseless against human callousness, against harsh words of indifference, before oblivion and trampling on those truths for which their peers lived and died. The cruel memory of the war should not leave the consciousness and hearts of those living today:

War - there is no crueler word,
War - there is no sadder word,
War - there is no holier word...
(A.T. Tvardovsky)

SCRIPT (SYNOPSIS) OF LITERATURE LESSONS IN 9TH GRADE ON THE TOPIC “I BEQUEST YOUR LIFE...”

High school students discuss V. Kondratyev’s story “Sashka,” connecting the work with the history of the Great Patriotic War.

SUBJECT:“I bequeath your life...” (High school students discuss V. Kondratiev’s story, “Sashka,” connecting the work with the history of the Great Patriotic War.

GOALS:

1. To interest students in the history of the Great Patriotic War using the example of memories of loved ones and relatives, when reading the work of V. Kondratiev “Sashka”;
2. evoke an emotional personal response to the event(s) associated with the Great Patriotic War;
3. continue to develop the skill of working with a book, elements of the ability to analyze a work of art, and express an opinion about what you read.

LESSON FORM- Reader's conference.

ATTENDANCE:

1. Presenter – Gerasimova T.P.
2. Participant of the Great Patriotic War - Vera Nikolaevna Grinenko.
3. Literary expert – Ilenkiva N.
4. Librarian – Litvinyuk M.I.
5. Readers are 9th grade students.

DESIGN, EQUIPMENT:

1. On the board is an epigraph to a lesson from I. Dedkov’s book “An Inch of Rzhev Land.”
2. A portrait of V.L. is projected on the screen. Kondratiev, words – an appeal to the younger generation.
3. Class essays by students on the topic “How did the war affect the fate of my family?”
4. A tape recording of the song “Old Photographs” performed by Vlada Lebedeva’s father (9th grade student).
5. “Old front-line photographs” - stand (from the archive of 9th grade students)
6. Front letter (Western Front. 1942), notebook from the front (1941 - 43).
7. Texts of V. Kondratyev’s story “Sashka”.
8. Memoirs of G. Zhukov and Rokosovsky about the battles near Rzhev in the spring of 1942.
9. Poem by A.T. Tvordovsky “I was killed near Rzhev...”

PROGRESS OF LESSONS(2 lessons). I Subject message (see page 1) II Bringing the purpose of the lesson to students, which coincides with I. Dedkov’s statement about V. Kondratiev’s story “Sashka”:

“It is not for the trophies of victory that real literature returns to the fields of ancient battles, and if it seeks glory for anyone, it is for the ordinary person of our country who managed to survive and triumph. And she’s not looking for glory, but wants to understand what he was like, the man who saved our land from the fascist invasion?
What were they like, standing from edge to edge?”

III Presentation of conference participants.

IV Readers' Conference.

1. Introductory speech by the teacher showing a portrait of V.L. Kondratieva

On the outskirts of Moscow, in an ordinary apartment, you can meet V.L. Kondratiev. Despite his advanced years, he is very lively and active. Tall, thin, moves easily and quickly; hospitable and friendly.

His eyes are striking - an attentive, piercing gaze - and a kind smile.

Vyacheslav Leonidovich becomes especially animated when he talks about the attitude of young people to his story “Sashka”:

“There were many different kinds of speeches in the press by critics about “Sashka” and about my work. But how my youth, that is, our grandchildren, perceive me, is very interesting to me.”

The 50 years that have passed since the Great Patriotic War have not weakened public interest in this historical event. Time poses new and new questions to historians and writers.

Not accepting lies, the slightest inaccuracy in the historical science’s depiction of the past war, its participant, writer V. Kondratyev, sternly assesses what was done: “... as a soldier, I have nothing to do with what is written about the war. I was in a completely different war... Half-truths tormented us..." (questions of literature. - 1988 - No. 7. - p. 13)

2. Word to the school librarian. M.I. Litvinyuk prepared an exhibition of books (fiction) about the Great Patriotic War, commented briefly on the works, and read out their interesting pages.

M.I. Litvtnyuk focused on the following books:

1. Yu. Bondarev. “Battalions Ask for Fire”, “Youth of Commanders”, “Last Salvos”,
2. V. Bykov “Obelisk”,
3. B. Vasiliev “Tomorrow there was a war”,
4. V. Astafiev “The Shepherd and the Shepherdess”,
5. K. Vorobyov “Scream”, “Killed near Moscow”,
6. K. Kolosov “Self-propelled gun No. 120”,
7. V. Grossman “Life and Fate”,
8. S. Nikitin “Falling Star”.

(The list of references is presented in notebooks).

Let these honest, talented books cause pain, anxiety, indignation, protest.

Can we, teachers, children of front-line soldiers, come to terms with the fact that sometimes the grandchildren of front-line soldiers, our students, shoot at monuments to those who died for their Motherland, mock mass graves, and decide to commit crimes in order to take possession of valuable military awards?!

Among the books that can excite young people, evoke deep emotions and reflections not only about the hero, about the author, but also about themselves, is the story by V.L. Kondratiev "Sashka".

3. Background to writing essays about the Great Patriotic War. Teacher's word. But in order to talk about the book and evoke some kind of emotional response in the students, I asked the children (8th grade) at the end of April 2003 to talk with their parents and grandparents, look at old photographs and, after thinking about it, write an essay on the topic “How to did the war affect the fate of my family?” (excerpts from student essays are presented on separate sheets of paper).

3 a And here are these faces. Students peer into the faces of front-line soldiers captured in old photographs. Music plays, the song “Old Photographs” performed by the father of a 9th grade student (recorded).

4. The teacher's word.

Today we discover another name in modern literature.

L.N. Tolstoy admitted that every time he picked up a new book with the same thought about the author: what kind of person are you? What new things can you tell us about life?

5. Students talk about V.L. Kondratyev, using the memories of K. Simonov about the author of “Sashka”.

Story plan. Message from Ksenia Boganova.

1. Profession: graphic designer.
2. Vocation: writer.
3. 1939 – service in the Far East.
4. 1941 - at the front.
5. 1942 – participation in the battles near Rzhev, wounded, medal “For Courage”.
6. Service in the railway troops, in intelligence.

Heavy battles, the kind that front-line soldiers remember with bitterness in their throats.

5 a A short recollection of the battles in which V.N. took part. Grinenko.

5 b Students read an excerpt from a poem by A.T. Tvordovsky “I was killed near Rzhev...”:

Berdyugin Andrey,

Nikitin Andrey,

Kunets Kolya,

Boganova Ksenia.

5 in Boganova Ksenia continues the story about V. Kondratiev.

7. 1943 – seriously injured: hospital, disability. Material taken from the following source: Simonov K. Bon voyage, Sashka! Magazine “Friendship of Peoples. – 1979 - No. 2.

6. Natasha Ilenkiva talks about V. L. Kondratiev’s path to the story “Sashka”.

Story plan.

1. In his old age he took up the story of the war.
2. He reads military prose, but “did not find his war in it.”
3. Search for Rzhev fellow soldiers.
4. 1962 - trip near Rzhev, visited the former front line.
5. He concludes for himself: only the strict truth can be written about this.

Sources: Kondratyev V. While we are alive... Magazine “Questions of Literature” - 1979 - No. 6; Kondratyev V. Not everything has been written about the war. Collection “Land of Birth, Land of Destiny - M., 1987.”

7. The teacher makes a conclusion.

Apparently, the battles near Rzhev were terrible, grueling, with huge human losses. Let us turn to the memoirs of military commanders.

8. Memoirs of G.K. Zhukova. The floor was given to Naida Ragimova, Sasha Yevtushenko.

Story plan.

1. Facts that are hard to believe.
2. Ammunition consumption is 1-2 rounds per gun per day!
3. 03/20/1942 The Supreme Commander demands an offensive.
4. It is unrealistic to defeat the enemy's Rzhev-Vyazma grouping.
5. Transition to defense on this line.

Source: Zhukov G.K. Memories, reflections - M., 1969 - p. 375-377.

9. The teacher's word.

Sashka has been fighting for two months. Is it a lot or a little?

Assignment to the class: find those significant, from your point of view, artistic details, paintings that help the writer recreate this time, and help us imagine it.

10. Students read passages from the text, making small conclusions:

1. At night Sashka decided to get felt boots for the company commander;
2. “The villages they took stood as if dead...”
3. about order on the front line;
4. questions that you would like to ask a prisoner;
5. “How many people did you have in your company?” - the captain asked Sasha.

We learn that out of 150, 16 remained alive in the two months that the soldier had been fighting.

Students conclude: in two months, nine out of every ten died.

11. The teacher asks questions to the class.

1. What events did the author choose from the 2 months of Sashka’s life at the front?
2. Why did the author draw our attention to them?

12. Students list episodes from the story and answer the 2nd question:

1. obtaining felt boots for the company commander;
2. the wounded man returns to the company to say goodbye and hand over his machine gun - under fire;
3. Sashka leads the orderlies to the wounded man, because they may not find the fighter;
4. Sashka takes a German prisoner and refuses to shoot him;
5. Meeting with Zina;
6. Sashka helps out Lieutenant Volodya.

13. Sl. Teachers. V. Kondratyev said that he takes his hero through tests of power, love, and friendship.

1 question. Did Sashka pass the test of power?

The student retells the episode with Sashka’s capture of the prisoner. Having failed to obtain any information from the German during interrogation, the battalion commander orders the prisoner to be shot. Having failed to obtain any information from the German during interrogation, the battalion commander orders Sashka to shoot the prisoner. The fighter did not obey the order.

Questions. Why? After all, Sashka swore an oath to carry out the commander’s orders?

What influenced the battalion commander’s decision to cancel the order to shoot the prisoner?

The students draw conclusions.

Sashka is uncomfortable with almost unlimited power over another person; he realized what a terrible power this power over life and death can become, and this raises him high in the eyes of readers. Sashka withstood the tests of power, because... he feels responsible for everything.

The battalion commander also showed himself to be an integral human personality, canceling the order to shoot the captured German.

2) Question. Does Sashka stand the test of love?

The student retells the episodes of the birth of Sashka’s love for Zina.

The students are included in the dialogue, then they conclude that Sashka did not become bitter, did not become coarse, managed to understand Zina and not condemn her, although he himself is very worried when he sees his Zina and the lieutenant in the window. And Sashka leaves without hurting Zina with unnecessary conversations.

3) Episodes related to the test of friendship are restored.

Students tell the story of Sashka’s brief front-line friendship with Lieutenant Volodya. They talk about how, in an evacuation hospital, a well-fed major comes to calm down disgruntled soldiers: they gave him two spoons of millet for dinner. The major responds to fair demands and angry questions in a boorish manner, and... a plate thrown at him by the hand of an enraged Volodya flew at him, and Sashka took the blame.

(The conversation is about the integrity of the human personality, about high principles that a person can only be deprived of along with life, about Sashka’s kindness and sensitivity.)

14. Teacher's address to the class.

The story “Sashka” is a work about the Great Patriotic War, which tells not only the truth about the war, but also raises moral questions.

I would like to propose and try to solve one of the moral problems.

Preparing for the lesson, I read articles and reviews of the story “Sashka”. Particular attention was drawn to I. Dedkov’s article “An inch of Rzhev land” (journal “Literary Review”. 1980. No. 5.)

Teacher reading excerpts from the article.

“... It’s necessary, Sashok. You see, it’s necessary,” the company commander told Sashka...

And Sashka understood that it was necessary, and did everything that was ordered, as it should...

V. Kondratiev’s hero is attractive because, obeying this “must”, he thinks and acts “beyond what is necessary...

All this is “extra necessary,” as if Sashka hears within himself an unpronounceable, but clear, inexorable command: don’t shoot, come back, see off the orderlies!”

Sashka, according to the critic, does more than necessary because he cannot do otherwise. Questions:

1. Are you sure that Sashka is doing “extra”?

2. Or is it your conscience that commands?

3. There is conscience and there is another conscience. What is behind each? What is Sashka’s?

In an argument, in a heated discussion, we come to the conclusion with the guys that there are no two “consciences”: either there is a conscience, or there is not.

15. Teacher's word.

K. Simonov, after reading the story “Sashka,” wrote:

“The story of Sashka is the story of a man who found himself in the most difficult time in the most difficult place in the most difficult position - a soldier... If I had not read “Sashka”, I would have been missing something, not in literature, but simply in life. Together with him I made another friend, a person I loved.”

This is how K. Simonov assessed the significance of V. Kondratiev’s story “Sashka”.

Question for the class.

How do you rate the story? (This question was given to students at home.)

16. Students give oral feedback about the story they read.

Sample review plan.

Averina A.

1. Truthfulness, sincerity, psychologism.
2. The book is a reflection.
3. The essence of Sashka.

Smyshlyaeva N.

1. Sashka is my favorite literary character.
2. The book helped me look into myself.
3. Testament to descendants.

Tupchanenko S.

1. The story “Sashka” is the best work about the Great Patriotic War.
2. Would I have passed these tests?
3. This book teaches a lot.

Nikolaeva O.

1. I imagined the war differently.
2. The truth about the Great Patriotic War will not be forgotten.

Lebedeva V.

1. Sasha is a war hero.
2. Our generation lacks love for people.
3. V. Kondratyev’s story “Sashka” is a modern work, very necessary today.

17. A word from the participant of the Great Patriotic War V.N. Grinenko.

V.N. Grinenko spoke about her youth, which fell during the war years. Vera Nikolaevna read the story “Sashka”. “I thought,” says V.N. Grinenko, - that the students, after reading the work, will not believe that such people actually existed. Sashka is a war hero. He is kind, honest, decent, he loves people and life. And there were many such people in our time...”

Students thank V.N. Grinenko is given flowers and a book for participating in the reading conference.

18. On the projector, the words of V. Kondratiev are an appeal to young people:

“For our military generation, the most important thing was that from childhood we were replenished with the great Russian literature of the last century. She instilled in us civic and high moral concepts that allowed us to live in terrible times and remain pure, without sullying our conscience.

Afterword: all 9th ​​grade students were involved in the lessons, everyone received grades.

Kondratyev Vyacheslav Leonidovich (1920 - 1993) - Russian
writer of the Soviet period.
Vyacheslav Kondratyev -
front-line soldier, witness and
participant in the
events.
Wrote since the early 1950s, but
first published
only at the age of 49 years.
The first story -
"Sashka" - published in
February 1979 in
magazine "Friendship of Peoples".

The history of the story

Battle of Rzhev

The story "Sashka"

The image of the main character

Three tests

Three tests. Test of power

Three tests. Test of love

10. Three tests. Test of Friendship

11. The originality of the main character

12. The image of a private

13. Examples of using the story as arguments