Essay on literature. Bazarov and Arkady

/ / / Comparative characteristics of Bazarov and Arkady (based on Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”)

The novel “Fathers and Sons” contains and reveals many problematic issues that have not lost their popularity to this day.

Of course, these are conflicts of different generations, different views and worlds. Also, the reader observes a love conflict. A separate role is given to the problems of true friendship.

In the text of the novel we meet the main character -. From the very first pages the author introduces us to his friend Arkady. Was there only real, sincere friendship between men? This needs to be sorted out.

Arkady was the son of Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov. Therefore, unwittingly, he belonged to the camp of fathers. Of course, the guy tried to pretend to be an equally ardent representative of the nihilists, however, he was not very good at it. Arkady did all this in order to be like his comrade, Evgeniy. However, having returned to his father’s estate, we increasingly see how Arkady makes comments to Evgeniy for his indecent tone in communicating with elders, for his boorish behavior.

The final point in the development of nihilism in Arkady’s soul was set by Katerina, with whom the young Kirsanov began to love. He realized that he had nothing in common with his friend and that he did not support his thoughts and statements at all.

Literary critics compared the person of Arkady to soft wax. Whoever starts processing it will achieve the result. When changing opponents, Arkady adjusted and always changed his views.

Unlike Kirsanov, Evgeniy was a self-confident and purposeful person. Until the very end, he believed in his life beliefs and adhered to the rules of the nihilists. The hero denied everything emotional and sensual. Perhaps that is why he could not discern his true essence in Arkasha. Bazarov loved to argue and come into conflict with the older generation. He kept himself under control and always held his head high. He knew how to bring an argument to an end and win a conflict competition.

That is why Evgeny and Arkady could not be true friends. Their camaraderie was feigned. After all, how can people of different classes be friends?

Possessing a stronger character, Eugene constantly suppressed Arkady. And he, at one time, not having his own point of view, was constantly dragging behind his comrade. How can such a relationship be called friendship?

Bazarov and Arkady. Comparative characteristics.
In 1862, Turgenev wrote the novel Fathers and Sons. During this period, a final break was outlined between two social camps: liberal and revolutionary-democratic. In his novel, Turgenev showed a man of a new era. This is the democrat commoner Bazarov.
Throughout the entire novel, his friend Arkady is shown next to Bazarov. According to their beliefs and origins, they belong to different social classes. According to his convictions, Bazarov is “a democrat to the core.” Friends study together at the medical faculty of the university. They are connected by several years of friendship.
Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov and wants to be like him. He sincerely shares his views.
Arkady is forced to join the nihilists by “young courage and youthful enthusiasm.” But he is not guided by Bazarov’s ideas in life. They do not become an organic part of him, which is why he will so easily abandon them later. Bazarov says to Arkady: “Our dust will eat your eyes, our dirt will stain you.” That is, Arkady is not ready for the “tart, bitter botanical life” of a revolutionary. Bazarov, assessing the life of a revolutionary, is both right and wrong. Breaking existing foundations, traditions, and views always causes fierce resistance, and it’s hard for the progressive fighters. The revolutionary democratic ideal of happiness is revolutionary activity for the benefit of the people, despite personal adversity.
Arkady is not ready for this, since he is a “soft liberal baric.” In their “youthful enthusiasm,” liberals do not go beyond noble ebullience, but for Bazarov this is “nonsense.” Liberals do not “fight,” but “imagine themselves to be great; revolutionaries want to fight.” Giving an assessment of Arkady, Bazarov identifies him with the entire liberal camp. Spoiled by life in a noble estate, Arkady “involuntarily admires himself,” he enjoys “scolding himself.” This is boring for Bazarov, he “needs to break others.” Arkady just wanted to seem like a revolutionary; he had a lot of youthful pomp in him, but at heart he always remained a “liberal gentleman.”
Arkady appreciates Bazarov for his willpower, energy, and ability to work. At the Kirsanov estate, Bazarov is received cordially. Arkady asks his family to take care of Bazarov. But Bazarov’s revolutionary democracy does not at all fit in with the liberal aristocracy of the Kirsanov house. He does not fit into their life, full of idleness. And here, as a guest, Bazarov continues to work. The lifestyle of friends on the estate is expressed in the phrase: “Arkady was sybaritic, Bazarov worked.” Bazarov conducts experiments, reads special books, collects collections, and treats village peasants. In the eyes of revolutionaries, work is a necessary condition of life. Arkady is never seen at work. Here, on the estate, Bazarov’s attitude to both nature and the people is revealed.
Bazarov considers nature not a temple but a workshop, and a person in it as a worker. For Arkady, as for all the Kirsanovs, nature is an object of admiration and contemplation. For Bazarov this means lordship. He objects to prayerful contemplation of nature, lordly enjoyment of its beauty. He requires an active attitude towards her. He himself treats nature as a caring owner. Nature pleases him when he sees the fruits of active intervention in it. And here, too, the points of view of Arkady and Bazarov diverge, although Arkady does not talk about this.
The attitudes of Bazarov and Arkady to love and to women are different.
Bazarov is skeptical about love. He says that only a fool can feel free with a woman. But meeting Odintsova changes his views on love. She impresses Bazarov with her beauty, charm, and ability to behave with dignity and tact. Feelings for her arise when spiritual communication begins. She is smart, able to understand him. Bazarov, despite external cenism, discovers in love an aesthetic feeling, high spiritual needs, and respect for the woman he loves. But Odintsova is an epicurean young lady. Peace is above all else for her. Therefore, she extinguishes the feeling that appears for Bazarov. And here Bazarov behaves with dignity, does not become limp and continues to work. The mention of love for Odintsova causes Bazarov to admit that he is “broken,” and he does not want to talk about it.
Arkady's acquaintance with Katya reveals that his ideal is “closer,” that is, in the family, on the estate. He himself says that he is “no longer that arrogant boy,” that he still “asked himself tasks that were beyond his strength,” that is, Arkady admits that the life of a revolutionary is not for him. And Katya herself says that Bazarov is “predatory”, and Arkady is “tame”.
Bazarov is close to serfs. For them he is “a brother, not a master.” This is confirmed by Bazarov’s speech, which contains many folk proverbs and sayings and his simplicity. Although the peasants on his estate treat Bazarov as a master, throughout the novel he is “one of their own” for the people. For people, Arkady remains a gentleman, a master.
Bazarov is too demanding of himself. He tells Arkady that “every person must educate himself.” His nihilism leads him to become ashamed of natural human feelings. He seeks to suppress their manifestations in himself. Hence Bazarov’s dryness even towards people close to him. But when asked by Arkady whether Bazarov loves his parents, he answers simply and sincerely: “I love you, Arkady!” But Bazarov's parents were hopelessly behind him. They cannot not only keep up with him, but also follow him. Arkady also loves his loved ones. Bazarov gives an apt, comprehensive description of Arkady’s relatives, to which Arkady does not object. By this, he seems to express the point of view of Bazarov, who believes that a nihilist should not express his feelings.
Bazarov's nihilism leads to the denial of old and new art. For him, “Raphael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him.” He believes that “at 44 years old it’s stupid to play the cello,” and reading Pushkin “is no good.” He considers art a form of making money. For him, “a decent chemist is more useful than any poet,” and art is not capable of changing anything in life. This is the extreme of Bazarov's nihilism. Bazarov emphasizes the importance of scientists for Russia, since Russia then lagged behind the West in science. Arkady loves poetry. He would read Pushkin if not for Bazarov.
Arkady and Bazarov seem to oppose each other, and this is the conflict of the novel, expressed by the technique of contrast.
Thus, the breakup between Bazarov and Arkady is inevitable. Arkady is not ready for the “tart, bitter, bourgeois life” of a democrat. Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Bazarov breaks up with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him. Bazarov says that he has other words for Arkady, but to express them is romanticism for Bazarov. Arkady found his ideal in the family. Bazarov dies, remaining true to his worldview. It is before death that the strength of his convictions is tested. Nihilistic beliefs did not take root in Arkady. He understands that the life of a revolutionary democrat is not for him. Bazarov dies a nihilist, and Arkady remains a “liberal gentleman.”

Reading Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” we constantly come across the author’s characteristics and descriptions of the characters, the author’s remarks and various comments. Following the fates of the characters, we feel the presence of the author himself. The author deeply experiences everything he writes about. However, his attitude to what is happening in the novel is ambiguous and not as simple as it might seem at first glance.
The author's position in the novel is manifested in descriptions, direct author's characteristics, comments on the speech of the characters, in the construction of dialogues and stage directions. For example, when the author describes Bazarov’s mother, he often uses words with diminutive suffixes and epithets that tell us about the character of the heroine: “... propping up his round face with his fist, to which puffy, cherry-colored lips and moles on the cheeks and above the eyebrows were given the expression is very good-natured, she did not take her eyes off her son...” Thanks to special epithets and suffixes, we understand that the author treats Bazarov’s mother with sympathy and feels sorry for her.
Sometimes Turgenev gives direct characteristics of his characters. For example, about Pavel Petrovich he says: “Yes, he was a dead man.” These words characterize Pavel Petrovich as a person no longer capable of real feelings; he can no longer develop spiritually while continuing to explore this world, and therefore cannot truly live.
In many of the author's remarks, Turgenev's attitude towards his heroes is also felt. For example, commenting on Sitnikov’s speech, the author writes that Sitnikov “laughed shrilly.” There is obvious authorial irony here, as in other comments to the speech of two pseudo-nihilists - Sitnikov and Kukshina.
However, if we talk about the climactic moments of the novel, about its main character - Bazarov, then the author’s attitude cannot be unambiguously determined.
On the one hand, the author does not share the principles of his hero, on the other hand, he respects his strength and intelligence. For example, in the description of Bazarov’s death, one can feel the author’s respect for this hero, because Bazarov is not a coward in the face of death, he says: “I’m still not a coward...”
In the dispute between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich (and this dispute is important for understanding the idea of the work), the author does not openly support any of the heroes. The author seems to remain aloof. On the one hand, Bazarov’s reproaches for Pavel Petrovich’s unfoundedness are quite fair: “...you respect yourself and sit with your hands folded...”, on the other hand, Pavel Petrovich is right when he speaks about the importance of “a sense of self-respect.” As Turgenev himself wrote, “... real clashes are those in which both sides are to a certain extent right,” and this is probably why Turgenev does not take the side of any of the characters, although he respects Bazarov’s intelligence and Kirsanov’s sense of self-respect.
The epilogue of the work is of great importance for understanding the idea of the novel. The author describes Bazarov’s grave in the epilogue and says that the flowers on the grave “say<...>about eternal reconciliation and endless life...” I think what is meant here is that the debate between nihilists and aristocrats, “fathers” and “sons” is eternal. It is from these disputes, clashes that speak about the development of mankind and philosophical thought that people’s lives consist of.
It must be said that Turgenev does not give us obvious answers; he asks questions to his reader, inviting him to think for himself. This apparent uncertainty, behind which the author’s philosophical attitude towards the characters and destinies described, is hidden, is not only in the epilogue. For example, when Turgenev talks about the life of Bazarov’s mother, he writes: “Women like this are now being transferred. God knows whether we should rejoice at this!” As we can see, the author avoids harsh tones in his judgments about the characters. It leaves the reader free to draw (or not draw) their own conclusions.
So, the author of the novel “Fathers and Sons” - Turgenev - does not impose on us his point of view on what is happening in the work, he invites readers to treat it philosophically. The entire novel is perceived not as ideological guidance or praise for one of the heroes, but as material for reflection.

"Arkady and Bazarov"

After its publication in 1862, Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” caused a literal flurry of critical articles. None of the public camps accepted Turgenev’s new work. Liberal criticism could not forgive the writer for the fact that representatives of the aristocracy, hereditary nobles, are depicted ironically, that the “plebeian” Bazarov constantly mocks them and turns out to be morally superior to them.
Democrats perceived the novel's protagonist as an evil parody. The critic Antonovich, who collaborated with the Sovremennik magazine, called Bazarov “the asmodus of our time.” But all these facts, it seems to me, speak in favor of I. S. Turgenev. As a true artist and creator, he was able to guess the trends of the era, the emergence of a new type, the type of democrat-commoner, who replaced the progressive nobility.
The main problem posed by the writer in the novel is already heard in its title: “Fathers and Sons.” This name has a double meaning. On the one hand, this is a problem of generations - the eternal problem of classical literature, on the other - a conflict between two socio-political forces operating in Russia in the 60s: liberals and democrats.
The characters in the novel are grouped depending on which of the socio-political camps we can attribute them to. But the fact is that the main character Evgeny Bazarov turns out to be the only representative of the “children” camp, the camp of commoner democrats. All other heroes are in the hostile camp.
The central place in the novel is occupied by the figure of a new man - Evgeny Bazarov. He is presented as one of those young leaders who “want to fight.” Others are people of the older generation who do not share Bazarov’s revolutionary democratic beliefs. They are depicted as petty, weak-willed people with narrow, limited interests.
The novel presents nobles and commoners of two generations - “fathers” and “children”. Turgenev shows how a commoner democrat acts in an environment alien to him. In Maryino, Bazarov is a guest who differs in his democratic appearance from his landowner hosts. And he disagrees with Arkady in the main thing - in his idea of life, although at first they are considered friends. But their relationship still cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Throughout the entire novel, the subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one is observed: Arkady to Bazarov. But still, Arkady gradually acquired his own opinion and no longer blindly repeated Bazarov’s judgments and opinions of the nihilist. In disputes, he does not stand up and expresses his thoughts. One day their argument almost led to a fight.
The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in Kirsanov’s “empire”. Bazarov is busy with work, studying nature, and Arkady is sybaritic and does nothing. The fact that Bazarov is a man of action can be seen immediately from his red bare hand. Yes, indeed, in any environment, in any home, he tries to get busy. His main business is the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Passion for science is a typical feature of the cultural life of Russia in the 60s, which means that Bazarov keeps up with the times. Arkady is the complete opposite. He doesn’t do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace, and for Bazarov - not to sit idly by, to work, to move.
They have completely different opinions regarding art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in the life of a nobleman. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, speeches, and appearance.
A major disagreement arose between “friends” in a conversation about the role of nature in human life. Here Arkady’s resistance to Bazarov’s views is already visible; gradually the “student” emerges from the power of the “teacher.” Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. “You, gentle soul, are a weakling,” says Bazarov, realizing that Arkady can no longer be his associate. The “disciple” cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. But Bazarov appears before us as a man of the new generation, which has replaced the “fathers” who were unable to solve the main problems of the era. Arkady is a person belonging to the old generation, the generation of “fathers”.
Pisarev very accurately assesses the reasons for the disagreements between the “student” and the “teacher”, between Arkady and Bazarov: “Bazarov’s attitude towards his friend casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it.”
Arkady wants to be the son of his age and puts on himself the ideas of Bazarov, which absolutely cannot merge with him. He belongs to the category of people who are always looked after and always do not notice the care. Bazarov treats him patronizingly and almost always mockingly; he understands that their paths will diverge.

ARKADY AND BAZAROV V
ROMANE I.S. TURGENEV “FATHERS AND CHILDREN”

After publication
in 1862, Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”
caused literally a flurry of critical articles.
None of the public camps accepted
Turgenev's new creation. Liberal
criticism could not forgive the writer for
that representatives of the aristocracy,
hereditary nobles are depicted
ironically, the “plebeian” Bazarov is always
mocks them and turns out morally
above them. Democrats accepted the main
hero of the novel as an evil parody.

But all these facts are like
It seems to me that they are speaking in favor of I.S.
Turgenev. Like a real artist, creator,
he managed to guess the dictates of the era, the appearance
a new type, the type of commoner democrat,
which replaced the advanced
nobility.

The main problem,
set by the writer in the novel already sounds
in its title: “Fathers and Sons.” This is the title
has a double meaning. On the one hand, this
generational problem is an eternal problem
classical literature, on the other hand -
conflict between two socio-political forces,
operating in Russia in the 60s of the XIX century
century:
liberals and democrats.

Characters
novels are grouped depending on
to which of the socio-political
groupings we can attribute them to.

The fact is that
the main character Bazarov turns out to be
the only representative of the “children” camp,
camps of commoner democrats, and all
the rest of the heroes are in a hostile
camp.

Central place in
the novel is occupied by the figure of a new man -
Evgenia Bazarova. He is presented as one
one of those young leaders who “fight
want." Others are older people
not sharing revolutionary democratic
Bazarov's beliefs. They are depicted as small
weak-willed people, with narrow,
limited interests. In the novel
noblemen and commoners of two
generations - “fathers” and “children”. Turgenev
shows how a commoner democrat acts
in an environment alien to him.

In Maryina Bazarov -
a guest who is distinguished by his “new”
appearance from the landowners. They are with Arkady
are considered friends, although they
relationships cannot be called friendship,
because friendship is impossible without
mutual understanding, friendship cannot exist
based on the subordination of one to the other. On
throughout the novel there is
subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one:
Arkady - Bazarov. Over time, Arkady
stops blindly repeating after Bazarov
judgments and opinions of a nihilist. Difference between
heroes is visible in their behavior in the “empire”
Kirsanova. Bazarov is busy with work,
studying nature, Arkady is sybaritic,
doing nothing. That Bazarov is a man
business, can be seen immediately from his red naked
hand. Yes, indeed, he is in any
environment, in any home tries
do business. His main job is
natural sciences, nature studies and
testing theoretical discoveries on
practice.

Passion for science
is a typical feature of cultural life
Russia in the 60s, which means Bazarov is keeping up
over time, works, practices medicine,
conducts experiments. Arkady - perfect
opposite. He doesn't do anything
of his serious affairs, not a single one is truly
doesn't captivate. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace.

Completely different
they belong to art. Bazarov denies
Pushkin, and unreasonably. Arkady
trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet.
Arkady is always neat, tidy, good
dressed, he has aristocratic manners.
Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe
rules of good manners, so important in
noble life. This affects everyone
his actions, habits, manners, speeches,
appearance.

Disagreement
arose between “friends” in a conversation about
the role of nature in human life. Here already
Arkady's resistance to his views is visible
Bazarov, gradually the “student” comes out from under
the power of the “teacher”. Hates Bazarov
many, but Arkady has no enemies. “You are tender
soul, a slob,” says Bazarov, realizing
that Arkady can no longer be his
Companion. The “disciple” cannot live without
principles. Arkady is a man
belonging to the old generation, generation
"fathers". But Bazarov appears before us
like a person belonging to a new
the generation that replaced the “fathers”,
unable to solve underlying problems
era.

Pisarev very accurately
evaluates the reasons for disagreements between the “students”
and “teacher”, between Arkady and Bazarov:
“Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade throws
a bright streak of light on his character; at
Bazarov has no friend, because he is not
I met another person who wouldn't
gave up in front of him. Bazarov's personality
closes in on itself, because outside of it and
there are almost no relatives around her at all
elements."

Arkady wants to be
son of his century, trying to use
Bazarov's ideas, but this is impossible, since he
belongs to the category of people, forever
patronized and always not noticing themselves
guardianship Bazarov treats him
patronizingly and almost always
mockingly, he understands that their ways
will disperse.

Bazarov and Arkady. comparative characteristics of heroes

	Bazarov E. V.	Kirsanov P. P.
Appearance	Tall young man with long hair. The clothes are poor and untidy. Doesn't pay attention to his own appearance.	A handsome middle-aged man. Aristocratic, “thoroughbred” appearance. He takes good care of himself, dresses fashionably and expensively.
Origin	The father is a military doctor, from a poor, simple family.	Nobleman, son of a general. In his youth, he led a noisy metropolitan life and built a military career.
Education	A very educated person. A talented doctor and dedicated researcher. Friends predict a great future for Bazarov.	He studied in the page corps. Little read. I owe my success in service more to my personal charm and family connections.
Important Personality Traits	Pragmatist and cynic. The main measure of a person’s value is his usefulness to society.	Knightly nature. It values a person's personality and self-esteem.
Lifestyle	He eats a lot and loves wine in large quantities. Starts the day early, active and energetic.	He is restrained in his eating habits, drinks little, loves a comfortable life.
Attitude towards love	Cynical: sees meaning in love only from a physiological point of view. It turns out that he is not ready for a serious feeling.	Romantic. After the death of his beloved woman, he left a brilliant career. Devastated in spirit.
Attitude to the people	Mixed: sympathizes with the plight of the poor and despises their ignorance. Communicates with peasants on equal terms.	He admires folk culture and the patriarchal way of life out loud, but squeamishly avoids direct communication with the peasants.
Attitude to family	Despises patriarchal values. Loves his parents, but pushes them away. Criticizes Arkady's relatives in his presence.	He puts family values above all else. He loves his brother and nephew, protects their peace and well-being.
The characters' relationship to each other	He sees in the elder Kirsanov the embodiment of the worst traits of the aristocracy: inactivity and idle talk.	He considers Bazarov a threat to the established order. Fears the spirit of destruction that the new generation brings.
Speech features	Rough, simple speech. Actively uses folklore elements.	Speaks competently, uses French and English phrases.
Behavior in a duel	He jokes a lot and considers what is happening to be absurd. Does not aim at the opponent, wounds him by accident.	He takes the fight seriously. He fails, but is satisfied with the result of the duel.
Character in the finale	Dies. His grave symbolizes the only possibility of reconciliation between different generations.	Leaves Russia. Abroad he leads a bright but empty life. By the author's definition, a living dead.

Kirsanov N.P. Kirsanov P.P. Appearance A short man in his early forties. After a long-term broken leg, he walks with a limp. The facial features are pleasant, the expression is sad. A handsome, well-groomed middle-aged man. He dresses smartly, in the English manner. Ease of movement reveals an athletic person. Marital status Widower for more than 10 years, was very happily married. There is a young mistress Fenechka. Two sons: Arkady and six-month-old Mitya. Bachelor. In the past he was successful with women. After […]
Evgeny Bazarov Anna Odintsova Pavel Kirsanov Nikolay Kirsanov Appearance Long face, wide forehead, huge greenish eyes, nose, flat on top and pointed below. Long brown hair, sandy sideburns, a self-confident smile on her thin lips. Naked red arms Noble posture, slender figure, tall stature, beautiful sloping shoulders. Light eyes, shiny hair, a barely noticeable smile. 28 years old Average height, thoroughbred, about 45. Fashionable, youthfully slender and graceful. […]
Tolstoy in his novel “War and Peace” presents us with many different heroes. He tells us about their lives, about the relationship between them. Already almost from the first pages of the novel, one can understand that of all the heroes and heroines, Natasha Rostova is the writer’s favorite heroine. Who is Natasha Rostova, when Marya Bolkonskaya asked Pierre Bezukhov to talk about Natasha, he replied: “I don’t know how to answer your question. I absolutely don’t know what kind of girl this is; I can't analyze it at all. She's charming. Why, [...]
The disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich represent the social side of the conflict in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” Here, not just different views of representatives of two generations collide, but also two fundamentally different political points of view. Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich find themselves on opposite sides of the barricades in accordance with all parameters. Bazarov is a commoner, coming from a poor family, forced to make his own way in life. Pavel Petrovich is a hereditary nobleman, guardian of family ties and [...]
The image of Bazarov is contradictory and complex, he is torn by doubts, he experiences mental trauma, primarily due to the fact that he rejects the natural beginning. The theory of life of Bazarov, this extremely practical man, physician and nihilist, was very simple. There is no love in life - this is a physiological need, no beauty - this is just a combination of the properties of the body, no poetry - it is not needed. For Bazarov, there were no authorities; he convincingly proved his point of view until life convinced him otherwise. […]
The most prominent female figures in Turgenev's novel “Fathers and Sons” are Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, Fenechka and Kukshina. These three images are extremely different from each other, but nevertheless we will try to compare them. Turgenev was very respectful of women, which is perhaps why their images are described in detail and vividly in the novel. These ladies are united by their acquaintance with Bazarov. Each of them contributed to changing his worldview. The most significant role was played by Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. It was she who was destined [...]
Every writer, when creating his work, be it a science fiction short story or a multi-volume novel, is responsible for the fate of the heroes. The author tries not only to talk about a person’s life, depicting its most striking moments, but also to show how the character of his hero was formed, under what conditions it developed, what features of the psychology and worldview of a particular character led to a happy or tragic ending. The ending of any work in which the author draws a peculiar line under a certain [...]
Duel test. Bazarov and his friend again drive along the same circle: Maryino - Nikolskoye - parental home. The situation outwardly almost literally reproduces that on the first visit. Arkady enjoys his summer vacation and, barely finding an excuse, returns to Nikolskoye, to Katya. Bazarov continues his natural science experiments. True, this time the author expresses himself differently: “the fever of work came over him.” The new Bazarov abandoned intense ideological disputes with Pavel Petrovich. Only rarely does he throw enough [...]
I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” contains a large number of conflicts in general. These include a love conflict, a clash of worldviews of two generations, a social conflict and an internal conflict of the main character. Bazarov, the main character of the novel “Fathers and Sons,” is a surprisingly bright figure, a character in which the author intended to show the entire young generation of that time. We should not forget that this work is not just a description of the events of that time, but also deeply felt very real […]
The idea for the novel arises from I. S. Turgenev in I860 in the small seaside town of Ventnor, in England. “...It was in the month of August 1860, when the first thought of “Fathers and Sons” came to my mind...” It was a difficult time for the writer. His break with Sovremennik magazine had just occurred. The occasion was an article by N. A. Dobrolyubov about the novel “On the Eve”. I. S. Turgenev did not accept the revolutionary conclusions contained in it. The reason for the gap was deeper: rejection of revolutionary ideas, “peasant democracy […]
Roman I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" ends with the death of the main character. Why? Turgenev felt something new, saw new people, but could not imagine how they would act. Bazarov dies very young, without having time to begin any activity. With his death, he seems to atone for the one-sidedness of his views, which the author does not accept. Dying, the main character did not change either his sarcasm or his directness, but became softer, kinder, and speaks differently, even romantically, that […]
Two mutually exclusive statements are possible: “Despite Bazarov’s external callousness and even rudeness in dealing with his parents, he loves them dearly” (G. Byaly) and “Isn’t that spiritual callousness that cannot be justified manifested in Bazarov’s attitude towards his parents.” However, in the dialogue between Bazarov and Arkady, the i’s are dotted: “So you see what kind of parents I have. The people are not strict. - Do you love them, Evgeny? - I love you, Arkady!” Here it is worth remembering both the scene of Bazarov’s death and his last conversation with [...]
Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” appears in the February book of the Russian Messenger. This novel obviously poses a question... addresses the younger generation and loudly asks them the question: “What kind of people are you?” This is the real meaning of the novel. D. I. Pisarev, Realists Evgeny Bazarov, according to I. S. Turgenev’s letters to friends, “the most beautiful of my figures,” “this is my favorite brainchild... on which I spent all the paints at my disposal.” “This clever girl, this hero” appears before the reader in kind [...]
Dear Anna Sergeevna! Let me address you personally and express my thoughts on paper, since saying some words out loud is an insurmountable problem for me. It is very difficult to understand me, but I hope that this letter will clarify my attitude towards you a little. Before I met you, I was an opponent of culture, moral values, and human feelings. But numerous life trials forced me to take a different look at the world around me and reevaluate my life principles. For the first time I […]
What exactly is the conflict between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov? An eternal dispute between generations? Confrontation between supporters of different political views? A catastrophic discrepancy between progress and stability bordering on stagnation? Let us classify the disputes that later developed into a duel into one of the categories, and the plot will become flat and lose its edge. At the same time, Turgenev’s work, in which the problem was raised for the first time in the history of Russian literature, is still relevant today. And today they demand change and [...]
Arkady and Bazarov are very different people, and the friendship that arose between them is all the more surprising. Despite the young people belonging to the same era, they are very different. It is necessary to take into account that they initially belong to different circles of society. Arkady is the son of a nobleman; from early childhood he absorbed what Bazarov despises and denies in his nihilism. Father and uncle Kirsanov are intelligent people who value aesthetics, beauty and poetry. From Bazarov’s point of view, Arkady is a soft-hearted “barich”, a weakling. Bazarov doesn’t want [...]
In I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” the main character is Evgeniy Bazarov. He proudly says that he is a nihilist. The concept of nihilism means this type of belief, which is based on the denial of everything accumulated over many centuries of cultural and scientific experience, all traditions and ideas about social norms. The history of this social movement in Russia is connected with the 60-70s. XIX century, when there was a turning point in society in traditional social views and scientific […]
The action of the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" takes place in the summer of 1859, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. At that time in Russia there was an acute question: who could lead society? On the one hand, the nobility claimed the leading social role, which consisted of both fairly free-thinking liberals and aristocrats who thought the same way as at the beginning of the century. At the other pole of society were the revolutionaries - democrats, the majority of whom were commoners. The main character of the novel […]
The relationship between Evgeny Bazarov and Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, heroes of the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons" did not work out for many reasons. The materialist and nihilist Bazarov denies not only art, the beauty of nature, but also love as a human feeling. Recognizing the physiological relationship between a man and a woman, he believes that love “is all romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art.” Therefore, he initially evaluates Odintsova only from the point of view of her external data. “Such a rich body! At least now to the anatomical theater,” […]
The action of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” dates back to 1859, and the writer completed work on it in 1861. The time of action and creation of the novel is separated by only two years. It was one of the most intense eras of Russian history. At the end of the 1850s, the whole country lived in a revolutionary situation, under the sign of an imminent sharp turn in the fate of the people and society - the impending liberation of the peasants. Once again, Russia “reared up” over an unknown abyss, and for some its future was illuminated […]

Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons” depicts an era when significant changes were brewing in Russia. Just at this time, the crisis of the serfdom system intensified, the struggle between revolutionary democrats and liberals intensified. At this time, a new type of person is being formed - a person of action, not of phrases. At the center of the struggle is the figure of a democratic revolutionary. In the image of Bazarov, the writer reflected the features

this social and human type. Bazarov is a powerful personality. Without sharing

In the novel there are completely different characters, apparently sharing Bazarov’s views, carried away by modern ideas. However, Turgenev shows a deep difference between the “teacher” and the “students”.

In Maryino, Bazarov is a guest who differs in his “democratic” appearance from his landowner owners. He disagrees with Arkady in the main thing - in his idea of life, although at first they are considered friends. But their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, and besides, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Throughout the entire novel, it is precisely the subordination of Arkady’s weak nature to Bazarov’s stronger nature that is observed. But still, Arkady gradually acquired his own opinion and stopped repeating everything after Bazarov.

The difference between the characters is visible in their behavior. On the Kirsanov estate, Bazarov is engaged in work and studying nature. His main business is the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Bazarov keeps up with the times, since passion for science is a typical feature of the cultural life of Russia. Arkady is the complete opposite, he does nothing. None of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace, and for Bazarov - not to sit idly by, to work, to move.

Completely different judgments can be heard from them in relation to art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to follow the rules of good

tones that, it seems to me, are so important in noble life. This affects everyone

his habits, manners, appearance.

Their biggest argument occurred when the conversation turned to the role of nature in life.

person. Here Arkady’s resistance to Bazarov’s views is already visible; gradually the student “emerges from the power of his “teacher.” Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. Arkady can no longer be Bazarov's associate. The “disciple” cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich.

But Bazarov appears before them as a man of the new generation who has come to

replacement of “fathers” who were unable to solve the main problems of the era. Arkady is a man

belonging to the old generation, the generation of “fathers”.

In the novel by I.S. Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons” contrasts action and inaction through people who are completely different in character.

Bazarov remained true to his convictions until the end of his days, despite the fact that he had lost all his friends. He did not lose faith in the ideas that he had strived for all his life. What I like about Bazarov is his liveliness, energy, and mobility. He was tired of living the old life, according to the old laws. He wanted a better life for the people and for all of Russia.

And Arkady moved away from Bazarov’s beliefs as soon as he returned home to his ordinary life. For him, nihilistic beliefs were only fashion, a desire to imitate the “new generation.” But such a life is not for him. He eventually got married and lived a quiet, peaceful life, just like his parents had once done.

It seems to me, and everyone will agree with me, that Russia needs people like Bazarov, both current and future.

Like opposite people in the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” showing two friends

Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. Bazarov is the son of a district doctor. He denies

not only poetry, but also music, art, painting, love of nature. He taunts Raphael. Unlike Bazarov, Arkady seems to us a romantic who

wants the world around to be as happy and joyful as he is: music, poetry,

painting is present in his life. Turgenev emphasizes Arkady's desire to appear

adults and have their own view of the world around them. This young man

tries with all his might to be like Evgeniy Bazarov in everything and to deserve it

respect. Being influenced by a friend, Arkady is only carried away by the idea of denial. He

depends on Bazarov, but is far from being like him in everything. But Bazarov never looks for

no respect, no attention. He is a free person, not dependent on anyone. Bazarov

believes that every person should educate himself. The author constantly reminds us that Evgeny Bazarov is not a monster, but just an unhappy, lonely man with a sharp mind.

Arkady is a sincere, selfless, loving person. Bazarov denies romanticism, but is still a romantic, like Arkady. And in a fit of revelation, Arkady confesses his love for those around him. Let's see how the characters' characters are revealed in similar

situations. Bazarov loves Odintsova strongly and passionately, hiding his feelings until

dying explanation with her. Arkady repeated the fate of his father: marriage, family, peace - how much more does he need? Bazarov doesn’t need quiet happiness, next to him

there must be a strong and intelligent friend, who, unfortunately, was not found in Anna Sergeevna.

Arkady lives by the principles that Bazarov is trying to destroy. Bazarov is a doctor by training and gives preference only to the natural sciences because they provide accurate knowledge, the beauty of nature, the world of art are alien to him, he denies principles

aristocrats. And Turgenev agrees with the hero. Bazarov believes that “nature is not a temple, but

workshop, and the person in it is a worker.” Arkady was ready to agree with this idea,

but, developing this idea, he did not come to the same results as Bazarov. Arkady

argued that the employee needs to rest, and he cannot limit himself to one sleep after

tedious work. Their opinions did not agree on this issue.

Throughout the novel, Bazarov strives to understand men. They perceive him as a kind of jester, and the peasants expect from him not discussions about their affairs, but medical assistance. As for Arkady, we can say that he never meddles in other people’s affairs and does not expose himself. Saying goodbye to Arkady, Bazarov gives a personal assessment to his friend: “You are not created for our bitter, tart, bean life. You have neither insolence nor anger, but only youthful courage and youthful enthusiasm, this is not suitable for our business.”

There is no real mutual understanding in Bazarov's relationship with Arkady Kirsanov. These are not like-minded people, but only temporary travel companions.

In Turgenev’s works of the second half of the 19th century, heroes appear who are burdened by the emptiness of their own lives, who are vaguely aware of the injustice of slavery, who are looking for a new meaning in life, sometimes becoming “superfluous” people. At the same time, heroes are born and appear - progressive people. Only among them did a conscious protest arise against the bad structure of society. The depiction of these people, most often poor and educated nobles, occupies a large place in the works of Turgenev. These people are distinguished by a high moral level, a broad outlook and a reluctance to follow the common path. This is Evgeny Bazarov. He can be classified as “new” people, but there were still few people like Bazarov in Russia; they were lonely and misunderstood by the masses.

The son of a doctor, the grandson of a sexton, Bazarov is endowed with deeply folk traits. A clear mind, practical acumen, deep knowledge of life, tireless hard work, energy, enormous will, independence in judgment and action, a courageous and honest attitude to life and death - these are the most important features of Bazarov’s character. He is a man of action, “does not tolerate beautiful words.” “Aristocracy, liberalism, progress, principles,” said

meanwhile Bazarov - just think, how many foreign... and useless words! Russian people don’t need them for nothing.”

Bazarov is a nihilist, a person who does not bow to any authority, who does not accept a single principle on faith. Indeed, Bazarov denies all

the existing system of Russia, religion, dilapidated morality, noble culture, popular prejudices. The author creates an atmosphere around his hero

enmity and misunderstanding: the nobles and Bazarov are not on the same path. But he also comes across

misunderstanding on the part of the people.

There are other characters in the novel who share Bazarov’s views and are passionate about modern ideas. However, Turgenev shows a deep difference between the main character and his “students”.

Such a “student” is Arkady Kirsanov. Unlike the commoner, Bazarov is a young man from a noble family. From the very first pages of the novel we see friends nearby. And right away the author makes it clear how much Arkady depends on his friend, but is far from being like him in everything. While admiring nature in a conversation with his father, the son suddenly “takes an indirect glance back and falls silent.” Arkady is under the spell of personality

senior comrade, feels in him a wonderful, perhaps great person, with pleasure develops his ideas, shocking his uncle, Pavel Petrovich. But deep down, Arkady is completely different: he is not a stranger to poetry, tender feelings, and loves to “speak beautifully.” Nihilistic beliefs do not become his nature. Gradually between

a conflict is brewing between friends, Arkady increasingly disagrees with his friend, but at first he does not

decides to speak directly about it, but more often remains silent.

Saying goodbye to Arkady, Bazarov gives an accurate assessment of the personality of his friend, emphasizing the differences between them: “You are not created for our bitter, tart, bourgeois life. You have neither insolence nor anger, but only youthful courage and youthful enthusiasm, this is not suitable for our business. Your brother is a nobleman beyond noble humility or

a noble boiling point cannot reach... but we want to fight...”

In essence, Arkady is a “soft liberal baric.” Bazarov’s powerful negation of everything, dreams of radical changes in public life, and the desire to “clear the place” are alien to him. Evgeny is consistent in his views,

sometimes it comes to cynicism. Turgenev emphasizes that Arkady is offended by

cynical statements of a friend. And Kirsanov’s character requires constant dependence

from someone. Previously, he reported to Evgeniy, now to Katya.

Failure befalls Evgeniy in his personal life as well - he fell in love with the landowner Odintsova. This love broke Bazarov, unsettled him, in the last chapters he is no longer the same as we knew him at the beginning of the novel. Unhappy love leads Bazarov to a difficult situation

mental crisis. Everything falls out of his hands, and his infection itself doesn’t seem so

random. Bazarov dies without having time to accomplish anything. Before his death, which he

meets simply and courageously, the hero seems to realize that his time has not yet come. Turgenev made him a heroic, noble person, but doomed to death.

I believe that this novel will forever remain one of the most mysterious works of world literature, along with Griboedov’s “Woe from Wit.” These books reflect the eternal contradictions of human life - the maximalism of youth and everyday

sophistication, uncompromisingness... Which is better? The answer to this is in eternity, in the calmness of “indifferent nature,” in the last, reconciling lines of the novel.

Roman I.S.

Turgenev was written in the 60s of the last century. This is a novel about “new” people. Roman I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” about the conflict, the confrontation between the old generation and

an established system of moral principles, mores and new things with modern views,

principles, ideals.

The problem of the conflict between “fathers and children” has always existed, it is relevant at any time. Everything new introduced by the younger generation runs into a wall of misunderstanding. In our case, this is Bazarov’s confrontation with the older generation.

Bazarov and Arkady became friends while studying at the university. Bazarov was a convinced nihilist. Arkady's views and beliefs were formed under his influence. Arkady is not completely convinced of his idea; he tries to imitate Bazarov. Arkady wants to be the same as Bazarov, he wants to be like him, but internally he is not the nihilist that he pretends to be. Bazarov is ready to challenge his point of view to the end (as he does with Pavel Petrovich), and it is impossible to dissuade him of his views. Arkady is easy to convince of the incorrectness of his views. Bazarov really understands what he believes in. Arkady does not understand the seriousness of their beliefs. He wants to be like his comrade. But Arkady cannot be similar due to an internal feature - character.

Bazarov has a strong, unshakable character, he is a free person, he is constant in the choice of his beliefs. Arkady's character is flexible and soft. He is easily influenced by others. Arkady is devoid of mental originality and constantly needs someone's intellectual support; in comparison with Bazarov, he seems like a youth not ready for independent life.

In awe of his teacher, Arkady happily denies what he denies

Bazarov, submitting to his influence. Bazarov's attitude towards his friend reveals his character. He

alone, on his own with his own thoughts and beliefs. Most often, he does not want to speak out, withdraws into himself and occasionally drops a word. Arkady is happy to

picks up the phrase expressed by Bazarov. Arkady doesn't love his friend either, he

simply submits to the power of his mind. His attitude towards Bazarov is feigned. He just

got to know him, became interested in his principles, submitted to his power and imagined

that she loves him from the bottom of her heart.

And Bazarov is one of those people who loves to teach, educate, point out. The relationship between Bazarov and Arkady cannot be called friendship, they are mutually dependent, they need each other not as friends, but as teacher and student.

Despite the fact that Bazarov and Arkady are friends and are united by a common idea, they are completely different people with different characters.

The novel “Fathers and Sons” was created at a time when the question of the abolition of serfdom was raised, when there were contradictions between liberals and democrats. After the release of the novel, a flurry of critical articles fell upon him.

Like a true artist, creator, Turgenev was able to guess the mood of his time,

the emergence of a new type, the type of commoner democrat, who replaced the noble intelligentsia.

The main problem posed by the writer in the novel is already heard in the title “Fathers and Sons”. This name has a double meaning. On the one hand, this is a problem of generations, an eternal problem of classical literature, on the other hand, a conflict between two socio-political forces operating in Russia in the 60s of the 19th century: liberals and democrats. In the novel by I.S. Turgenev's “Fathers and Sons” the main characters are Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov.

The characters are grouped depending on which socio-political grouping we classify them as.

But the fact is that the main character Evgeny Bazarov turns out to be the only representative of the camp of commoner democrats. All other heroes are in

opposite camp. Bazarov is a new man, a representative of those young

figures who “want to fight”, “nihilists”. He is for a new life and remains true to his convictions to the end. He is the main and only exponent of democratic ideology.

Arkady also belongs to the political camp of the “fathers” in his views on life.

Kirsanov. True, he is sincerely interested in Bazarov’s theory, strives to imitate him and

pretends to be a nihilist like his friend. However, often forgetting about his “nihilism”, about his new role, Arkady reveals an ideological kinship with the “fathers”. It is no coincidence that he defends them every now and then: in one chapter he tries to convince Bazarov that Pavel Petrovich is a “good man”, and Nikolai Petrovich is a “golden man”.

Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov laughs at his father’s medicine because it is behind the times. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession.

Arkady is completely different, we feel that this person is somehow lethargic, weak,

limited. The image of Arkady reveals the failure of liberals. Arkady discovers his blood and ideological kinship with the liberals in a number of other places in the novel.

When characterizing characters, Turgenev most often uses dialogue and portraits. Dialogue -

the most suitable form for conveying the essence of political and philosophical times,

happening in the novel.

In an unusually sharp dialogue, the main conflict between Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov is revealed. “Your brother, a nobleman,” says Bazarov to Arkady, “cannot go beyond noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing. For example, you don’t fight - and you already imagine yourself to be great - but we want to fight.”

He disagrees with Arkady in the main thing - in his idea of life, about the purpose of man. Their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without

mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. On

Throughout the entire novel, the subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one is observed: Arkady - Bazarov.

Over time, Arkady acquires his own opinion and no longer blindly repeats Bazarov’s judgments and opinions of the nihilist, and expresses his thoughts.

The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in the “empire” of the Kirsanovs. Bazarov is busy with work, studying nature, and Arkady is idle. Yes, indeed, in any environment, in any home, he is engaged in business - the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Bazarov keeps up with the times. Arkady does not do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace.

They form completely different judgments in relation to art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in the life of a nobleman. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, speeches,

appearance.

A major disagreement arose between “friends” in a conversation about the role of nature in human life. Here Arkady’s resistance to Bazarov’s views is already visible; gradually the “student” emerges from the power of the “teacher.” Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. “You are a gentle soul, a weakling,” says Bazarov, realizing that Arkady can no longer be his associate. The “disciple” cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. Arkady is a person belonging to the old generation, the generation of “fathers”.

“Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it at all” (D. Pisarev) - this is the main thing in the disagreements of the heroes.

Arkady wants to be the son of his century, trying to adapt Bazarov's ideas for this.

Bazarov dies completely alone. And only “two already decrepit old men - a husband and wife” come to the “small rural cemetery.” Arkady does not continue his views; he finds his peace of mind with Katya Odintsova.

Download the essay "" in ZIP archive
Download essay " Bazarov and Arkady. Comparative characteristics of heroes" in MS WORD format
Version of the essay " Bazarov and Arkady. Comparative characteristics of heroes" for print

Russian writers

The novel “Fathers and Sons,” written by I. S. Turgenev in the second half of the 19th century, will never lose its relevance.

The name itself proves this, because contradictions that arise between different generations are quite a common occurrence at any time. And when social differences are added to age differences, the conflict becomes even more acute and becomes a socially significant phenomenon.

The main characters of I. Turgenev's work are the commoner Bazarov and the hereditary aristocrats the Kirsanovs. Each of them is distinguished by a special upbringing, way of life, attitude to the world, and is also convinced that he can serve, if not an ideal, then a model of a modern person. Comparative and Pavel Kirsanov (these are the main antipodes in the novel) allows readers living a century and a half later to form their own idea of the main social forces and features of the development of Russia in the mid-19th century.

Meet the main character

The plot of the action is the arrival of the young nobleman Arkady to the village on vacation. The father who meets his son looks at his comrade with some surprise - he is very different from the Kirsanovs. Evgeny Bazarov (friend and spiritual teacher of Arkasha) is the son of a simple doctor. Dressed simply - in a long robe with tassels. His big red hands and long hair immediately caught my eye. And his behavior was special - somewhat cheeky, rude. This was the description given by Nikolai Petrovich at the first meeting.

Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov at that moment were connected by common interests, but as the relations of all the heroes develop, the young people will move further and further away from each other. One of the reasons is the conflict between the young democrat commoner and the already elderly, but retaining sophistication and innate aristocracy, Pavel Petrovich.

Beginning of the confrontation

The appearance of Bazarov at the Kirsanovs was an event that disrupted the peaceful flow of life in the house. Pavel Petrovich immediately disliked his nephew's friend. This is understandable. In contrast to Evgeniy, he loved polish in everything and maintained the order that had developed over the years. With a handsome, well-groomed appearance, in an English suit, with starched collars and impeccable behavior, he was the complete opposite of Bazarov. Their antipathy will begin from the first moment they meet and end in a duel.

Bazarov and Kirsanov Pavel (literature has not yet seen such clashes of generations) helps not only to reveal their inner world and ideological beliefs, but also to get an idea of the peculiarities of the development of society in that period.

Origin, education and social activities

Appearance is the first thing that catches your eye when meeting two completely opposite characters. The more their relationship heats up, the more obvious the stark difference between them becomes.

Bazarov is the son of an impoverished noblewoman and an ordinary doctor. He achieved everything in life through his own labor, not wanting to depend at least to some extent on his parents. This is a man of strong mind and character who decided to devote his life to medicine and science. He didn’t believe in anything and proudly proclaimed himself a nihilist.

Pavel Petrovich, a nobleman for several generations, was raised in a completely different environment. A good education, officer service and universal love - this is what formed the basis of his life. However, his passionate infatuation with Princess R. and his rather quick disappointment (she left him) became the reason for his premature aging and alienation from the world. He lost his taste for life, then settled on his brother's estate and since then led a secluded, useless life.

Thus, the characterization of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov helps to understand how different these people were initially.

Ideological contradictions

Such a clear difference in social status could not but affect the relationships of the heroes. If Nikolai Petrovich tried to show leniency towards the guest, even to give in somewhere, his brother immediately showed complete hostility. And the more Bazarov and Kirsanov communicated, the stronger their confrontation became, which first resulted in a fierce argument, and then in a duel. A deep analysis of the attitude of a commoner democrat and a hereditary nobleman to the social role of aristocrats and nihilists, the method of government, the people, nature and art is the best description of the characters.

Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov, in fact, also bore little resemblance to each other - this will become clear at the end of the novel. Therefore, the second tried to convince his friend that he was mistaken regarding Pavel Petrovich and asked him to be more lenient. However, reconciliation between two such different people was impossible, and the duel is proof of this.

What is the essence of the ideological differences between a young commoner and an elderly nobleman?

Attitude to the aristocracy

The first controversial point for them was the question of what the role of the nobility was in the state structure and the general way of life.

Pavel Petrovich, who was an aristocrat “to the core,” argued that they were the main driving force of any development, and this right was given to them by birth. And the ideal of any state is a monarchy and liberal reforms leading to progress.

This point of view caused bitterness in the opponent, the main reason for which he explained by the complete inability of aristocrats to act and, as a consequence, their uselessness for any society. Proof of this was Kirsanov himself, who spent his life idly in the village.

Nihilists - who are they?

This is not the end of their disputes, which act as a comparative characteristic. Bazarov and Kirsanov were also interested in other questions.

So, after discussing the role of the aristocracy, they could not help but move on to discussing the activities of the nihilists, during which the phrase “he does not believe in anything,” uttered earlier by Arkady, is somewhat corrected by Bazarov. He calls himself a person who accepts only what can be useful. At the current moment, these were science and medicine for him and the established views on life, monarchy and serfdom, religion were absolutely rejected, since they led to stagnation. For Kirsanov, nihilists were people who only caused irritation with their impudence and lack of faith.

An aristocrat and a nihilist are two completely different generations, which is convincingly proven by the comparative characteristics of Bazarov and Kirsanov.

Assessing the role of art in human life

The heroes also express their attitude towards culture in fierce debates, especially since for Pavel Petrovich this was an attempt to defeat the “everything-denying” Bazarov. Here they appear as complete antipodes. The first is a romantic, whose life was spent at balls and in entertainment. It is no coincidence that he defends poetry, music, love (although at the same time the author shows the emptiness of his reasoning). The second was brought up by work, so all this for him is stupidity, distracting from the real matter (in this Turgenev condemns his hero, proving the inconsistency of such views with Bazarov’s love for Odintsova).

Comparative characteristics of Bazarov and Kirsanov - conclusions

The novel “Fathers and Sons” was an innovative work, since it depicted not just representatives of the older and younger generations, but also completely different socio-political forces that played an important role in the development of Russia.

A comparative description of Bazarov and Kirsanov makes it clear that both of them were extraordinary personalities, the best representatives (and this was emphasized by the author himself) of the nobles and commoners. In some ways they were right, in others they were wrong - this is not so important. The main thing is that both of them contributed to the development of the country. And I. S. Turgenev managed to capture and convey in his novel an important moment when a change of generations occurs and a new stage in the development of society begins.