What determines a schoolchild's routine? The correct daily routine for a schoolchild: what parents should pay attention to

It is sometimes very difficult for elementary school students, especially first-graders, to adapt to the conditions of their new school life. Hence, poor academic performance, confrontation with classmates, and the child’s reluctance to go to school/do homework, etc. And the main task of parents is to help the child cope with a difficult load for him. Faced with this problem, every parent looks for their own ways to solve it. But creating a proper daily routine for a primary school student from the first day of school would help avoid most of these problems.

Why do primary school students need a daily routine?

You should not neglect the organization of the working day, especially for children, starting from school years. Compliance with a certain routine leads to the fact that the child’s energy is not wasted, it is distributed in doses and is enough for all types of activities. At the same time, the vitality of the body increases, fatigue is minimized and strength is quickly restored.

Creating the correct daily routine depends on the individual characteristics of the student: health status and characteristics of a particular age. The schedule should include the following main elements in a certain order:

As the child adheres to the daily routine, he will develop the habit of doing everything at a certain time, the body will turn on the internal clock and subsequently all actions will become a habit.

How to create a correct daily routine for a schoolchild

Morning exercises: will invigorate the body and help recharge its performance. The duration of charging depends on the student’s health, so this issue must be resolved individually.

Water procedures: include taking a shower after gymnastics, hardening dousing with water of contrasting temperatures and morning hygiene procedures - washing and brushing your teeth. As for the hardening procedure, it is necessary to discuss this issue with a specialist; do not force events in order to avoid colds.

Sports activities: visiting sports clubs, swimming pools, and playing outdoor games.

Nutrition: Meals must be organized in such a way that the child has a hearty and hot breakfast, a full lunch of hot dishes and vitamin salads, and a late dinner. Eating at the same time will ensure smooth functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.

Doing homework: they need to be planned without postponing this process until the evening, when the child is already tired and the work will not be effective. After a short rest, about an hour after lunch and a walk, you can begin to do your homework with renewed vigor. In this case, you need to take breaks to rest for a few minutes.

Completed homework gives you every right to take a walk and get some fresh air. You can spend at least two hours playing in the yard. This is the optimal time to give your brain a rest by switching to another activity and breathing in fresh air before going to bed. The duration of sleep for a primary school student should be 9-10 hours. The time of waking up and going to bed should be set at the same time, as this will teach the body to quickly fall asleep and wake up.

Schoolchild's daily routine by hour for the week

Daily routine, including the main routine points:

Table of the daily routine of a primary school student by hour

Naturally, the schedule must be adjusted in accordance with what the student is doing in addition to academic classes (attending sections, clubs, etc.), but the mandatory items must be present in it.

Schoolchild's daily routine on weekends

If a daily routine has been introduced in the family, then it must be carried out daily; there cannot be weekends or holidays for it. Naturally, on Saturday and Sunday it will be adjusted without taking into account going to school and doing homework. But it is not recommended to exclude the main points from it. You can move your wake-up time up one hour later, replace your school time with a weekly family activity, or replace your homework hours with going to the movies with friends. But all other points must remain unchanged.

Daily routine of schoolchildren studying in the second shift

There is a very inconvenient form of training for everyone - in the second shift. But this is an objective reason that schools cannot yet refuse due to workload. Accordingly, the daily routine of schoolchildren studying in the second shift will be different. It’s just that all the activities that are mentioned in the approximate schedule after lunch need to be moved to the first half of the day, observing their duration: that is, getting up at 7 o’clock in the morning, gymnastics, shower, breakfast, and then a walk, doing homework, lunch, study sessions, dinner, evening walk and sleep. Having got used to this distribution of time, the student will not experience discomfort from studying in the 2nd shift.

When teaching their child to follow a certain daily routine, it would be very appropriate for parents to set an example and take part in this process. Then the addiction will go faster, and the rating of parental authority will increase significantly.

For a student, the most important activities are not only at school, but also at home. In addition to them, he also needs active recreation, which should take place in the fresh air as much as possible. Equally important for the functioning of the body is proper and healthy sleep. In order for everything to fit into a full day, you need a daily routine.

We have already clarified the most important points. Now we will consider additional, but in more detail, and summarize the knowledge gained.

Charger

A schoolchild's morning should always begin with exercise. Exercises should be chosen that involve all muscle groups.

During charging, it is necessary to ensure that the child begins charging with simple stretches. Then he smoothly moved on to the muscles of the arms, as well as the shoulder girdle. After that, he started working on the muscles of the torso and only then the legs.

It is advisable that morning exercises end with jumping and running, which can be done on the spot. It is worth adjusting the lesson time based on the child’s age. The interval can be from ten minutes to half an hour. With age, it is necessary to increase the complexity of the exercises, as well as the speed of their implementation, but gradually.

Ideally, morning exercises should be done outside or in a well-ventilated area.

Morning hygiene

The daily routine should include hygienic water procedures. For a schoolchild, taking a shower after completing hygiene procedures is a very important point.

A good shower will quickly relieve drowsiness. If it is impossible to place this item, the shower can be replaced by washing with cold water.

Breakfast

An integral point that cannot be sacrificed. It is worth remembering that breakfast for a school-age child must be hot and quite filling. Equally important is the moment of calm while eating food. At this time, it is necessary to exclude from your vocabulary such expressions as:

• eat faster;
• you'll wait in the corridor;
• why so slow;
• swallow and get dressed.

Watching TV during breakfast is strictly prohibited. The atmosphere should be friendly and there should be silence all around.

It is also necessary to ensure that the child’s daily dose is at least 2300 kcal. An equally important point is the student’s adherence to food intake and refusal of any snacks.

Road to school

When creating a daily routine for your student, you need to consider that the path from home to school should be a short morning walk. In the case when a child is dropped off by car, it is worth stopping a fifteen-minute walk and getting some fresh air. However, in the latter case, weather conditions must be taken into account.

School time

This point of conversation should include the mandatory presence of a second breakfast. Even if you don’t trust the school canteen, you should come to terms with its menu and give your child the opportunity to eat something warm, thus refusing dry food and various kinds of snacks. The second breakfast fills the baby with 15% of the total kcal requirement for successful studies at school.

Let's go home

In this case, returning home should also turn into a pleasant walk. In the case when a child attends after-school or classes, it is worth checking whether a daytime walk is included in their daily routine; it is important for the student.

Dinner

It should fall at 13:00 and end at 13:30. In nutrition mode, it occupies a central place. It should also take place in absolute silence and a favorable environment. A great idea would be the opportunity to have lunch with the whole family, as well as dinner.

From lunch to dinner

This period of time should include:

• afternoon nap;
• time period of active games;
• afternoon snack;
• preparing homework;
• evening rest.

It is worth noting that, if possible, an afternoon nap should be provided for the student, which must be introduced into his daily routine. If this is not possible, sleep can always be replaced with ordinary rest.

Preparing homework should fit within the time period between 16:00 and 18:00, when the child’s body experiences another biological surge of activity. Preparing homework should smoothly develop into evening relaxation. The time allocated for it is from 18:00 to 19:00.

Dinner and getting ready for bed

The whole family needs to get together for dinner. It is also worth making sure that it is much easier for the child in relation to breakfast and lunch and takes place no later than 19:00. The day should end with preparation for bed. This period can be up to 30 minutes. Approximately from 20:00 to 20:30, the child should:

• carry out the required hygiene procedures;
• prepare clothes;
• pack your briefcase and put all your school supplies in it.

The end of the working day should be a sound sleep. Due to heavy loads, its duration should be at least 9-10 hours at a normal room temperature of +18 C. Before going to bed, it is advisable to create positive emotions for the student.

The daily routine for a primary school student is very important, because now his life has changed dramatically.

To avoid excessive stress, stress and rapid fatigue of a small schoolchild, you need to correctly distribute his time and tasks for the day.

The regime disciplines the child, helps him get used to new living conditions, protecting him from irritability and overexcitability.

Basics of a child's daily routine

First of all, you need to remember about the peaks of working capacity, which occur precisely during school hours (8.00-11.00) and while doing homework (16.00-18.00). Between these peaks there is a decrease in performance, and in the evening there is an intense decline.

Therefore, the child must do his homework until 6:00 p.m. maximum. Distribute the walks for him so that the student can devote an hour of time (and he doesn’t need more) to do his homework when his working capacity is at its peak.

Elena Pikalenko, psychologist:“Try to teach your child to do his homework on his own as early as possible, because in a year or two it will be much more difficult to do. The student will understand that he will have to do this until the end of the 11th grade - and it will simply be impossible to force him to sit down for homework. At first, help him, tell him what to do, and gradually together create a plan that will make his daily task easier. If a child needs help, and it’s not just a whim or laziness, never refuse him, but point him in the right direction.”

Healthy sleep- the key to the health of any person, and even more so for a junior high school student. 10 hours is the required minimum for a child to rest properly after an active day and gain strength for new achievements. We go to bed at 9 pm (we understand that this is unrealistic, but experts strongly recommend it) and wake up at 7 am. By the way, you don’t need to let your child sleep longer and then rush to stuff him into it. Lack of time is the greatest stress for the body.

Walk after class. At least 40 minutes out of a 24-hour day should be devoted to fresh air. And this is only after school, so to speak, we work up an appetite. You need to walk with your little student for at least 3 hours a day. We had lunch, played, did homework - walked around the park, went to a circle, had dinner - unwinded for an hour and a half before going to bed (by the way, such a little trick will help the child fall asleep earlier and faster).

Lunch on schedule. Teach your fidget to eat at the same time. Breakfast - at 7.30, lunch - 13.00-14.00, dinner - 18.00-19.00. After lunch and grueling schoolwork, the child needs to rest - he is experiencing a decline in performance. It’s not worth putting him in prison for lessons - nothing good will come of it. Let him play or sleep - the body is tired of new information.

Let's start homework! In the first grades, homework must be completed in an hour. The child has just rested, gained strength and is ready to conquer new heights. The main thing is not to delay starting classes. The optimal time is 16.00-17.00. You shouldn’t do homework after 6:00 pm: if you don’t have time for a class in the section, postpone it.

Circles and sections. After homework, it’s time to go to a club or sports section. Changing activities is very beneficial for children. It’s just important not to overdo the child’s loads. If he just started first grade, it's better don't start extracurricular activities - Now it may be difficult for him to combine so many activities. Let him determine the number of clubs and sections that a child can attend. So that his studies and his rest do not suffer. Don't forget to take a walk before and after class!

Mom Anya says: “It all depends on the child: for one, ten circles will not be enough, and for someone, even one will be a burden. If a child has an interest, a desire, a desire to improve, let him study. Moreover, this is a new field of activity, new acquaintances, which is very useful for schoolchildren.”.

Mommy Veronica does not agree with this opinion: “Children who are overly active grow into very active adults. A friend of mine, for example, since childhood she went to 5 different clubs, a couple of sports sections, and on weekends there were also scout outings into nature. Now it’s the same: from work to dancing, then to sewing, then to a restaurant with girlfriends, then a disco and karaoke. Weekends are almost always in the mountains. She is 35 years old, not married, no children either. I ask: why are you always running somewhere? She: to be on time. Ehhh... She’s trying to try everything, but she’s completely forgotten about the meaning of life.”

Sometimes, after getting their child ready for school, parents may forget about such a component of their lifestyle as a routine. The child must have a daily routine to ensure the safety of his health. The daily routine of modern schoolchildren may differ depending on their age, the shift in which they study, and their state of health. We will explain all the nuances of creating a daily routine in this article.

The daily routine necessarily includes:

• good nutrition;
• physical exercise;
• education;
• compliance with hygiene standards;

Nutrition

The child must eat five times a day. Meals include: breakfast, lunch, afternoon snack, dinner and second dinner. All dishes must be nutritious and healthy. If breakfast, lunch and dinner are designed to include full meals, then an afternoon snack and second dinner may include a bun, fruit, kefir, tea, juice.

The importance of the daily routine for a schoolchild within the framework of meals is colossal. The child should eat at the same time - this ensures normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Eating at the wrong time can lead to serious diseases, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers.

Physical exercise

Physical activity for schoolchildren is understood as: doing morning exercises and exercises in between solving homework, active games on the street, as well as walks in the fresh air. The degree of load differs depending on age. For sick children, it is adjusted by specialists.

Education

Human biorhythms provide for two periods of active work capacity - the time from 11:00 - 13:00 and from 16:00 - 18:00. The school schedule and the period for children to do homework should be calculated according to these biorhythms.

Maintaining hygiene

To maintain their own health, the child must be taught to comply with hygiene standards. These include morning toilet, which includes oral and facial care, and evening toilet, when the child, in addition to oral care, must take a shower. Good student habits should include washing hands before eating and after going outside.

The student’s daily routine should be organized so that he falls asleep and wakes up at the same time. This gives the child the opportunity to get a good night's sleep, wake up easily and be active and alert during the day. Healthy sleep for a child lasts 9.5-10 hours.

You can see the approximate daily routine of a schoolchild in the table. Differences in schedules are due to the age characteristics of children.

Daily routine of a primary school student

The correct daily routine for a primary school student involves fewer hours of homework. The available time must be allocated to physical activity, which children at this age still really need. The maximum TV viewing time for a primary school student is 45 minutes. The nervous system of children should not be overly stressed, since it is not yet perfect.

Daily routine for a senior student

Older schoolchildren have their own peculiarities in organizing their daily routine. Hormonal imbalances and heavy mental workload also require rest and decompression between classes and homework. Recreation for children should not be passive. It will be useful to simply change the type of activity, for example, replace mental stress with physical activity.

Children from the age of 10 should increasingly be involved in household chores. This point provided for by the daily routine, is of great importance in the life of a schoolchild, as it allows one to develop diligence.

Daily routine of a schoolchild studying in the 2nd shift

Studying in the second shift involves a slightly different organization of the student’s daily routine. So, the child does his homework in the morning, half an hour after breakfast. This time for doing homework allows him to be freed up for a long walk in the fresh air before school. The child should have lunch before school, and an afternoon snack at school. It is not recommended to do homework in the evening, as the body can no longer function normally. The time allotted for helping parents around the house is also slightly reduced. The time of getting up and going to bed remains the same as for students of the first shift.

Schoolchild's daily routine

A schoolchild’s daily routine is a routine of wakefulness and sleep, alternation of various types of activities and rest during the day.

The state of health, physical development, performance and performance at school depend on how well the schoolchild’s daily routine is organized.

Schoolchildren spend most of the day with their families. Therefore, parents should know the hygienic requirements for the schoolchild’s daily routine and, guided by them, help their children in properly organizing the daily routine.

A child’s body needs certain conditions for its growth and development, since his life is in close connection with the environment, in unity with it. The connection of the body with the external environment, its adaptation to the conditions of existence are established with the help of the nervous system, through the so-called reflexes, i.e., the response of the body’s nervous system to external influences.

The external environment includes natural factors such as light, air, water, and social factors - housing, food, conditions of classes at school and at home, recreation.

Unfavorable changes in the external environment lead to diseases, delayed physical development, and decreased performance and academic performance of the student. Parents must properly organize the conditions in which the student prepares homework, rests, eats, and sleeps in such a way as to ensure the best implementation of this activity or recreation.

The basis of a properly organized schoolchildren’s daily routine is a certain rhythm, strict alternation of individual elements of the regime. When individual elements of the daily routine are performed in a certain sequence, at the same time, complex connections are created in the central nervous system, facilitating the transition from one type of activity to another and their implementation with the least amount of energy. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly adhere to a certain time of getting up and going to bed, preparing homework, eating, i.e. follow a certain, established daily routine. All elements of the regime must be subordinated to this basic principle.

The schoolchild's daily routine is built taking into account age-related characteristics and, above all, taking into account the age-related characteristics of the activity of the nervous system. As the student grows and develops, his nervous system improves, its endurance to greater stress increases, and the body gets used to doing more work without fatigue. Therefore, the workload that is usual for schoolchildren of middle or high school age is excessive and unbearable for younger students.

This article is about the daily routine for healthy schoolchildren. In children with poor health, infected with worms, with tuberculosis intoxication, patients with rheumatism, as well as in children recovering from infectious diseases such as measles, scarlet fever, diphtheria, the body's endurance to normal stress is reduced and therefore the daily routine should be somewhat different. When organizing a student’s daily routine, it is important to seek advice from the school or local doctor. The doctor, guided by the student’s health condition, will indicate the features of the regime necessary for him.

A properly organized schoolchild’s daily routine includes:

1. Proper alternation of work and rest.

2. Regular meals.

3. Sleep of a certain duration, with an exact time of getting up and going to bed.

4. A specific time for morning exercises and hygiene procedures.

5. A specific time for preparing homework.

6. A certain duration of rest with maximum stay in the open air.

Schoolchild's daily routine

7.00 - Wake up (waking up late will not give the child time to wake up well - drowsiness may persist for a long time)

7.00-7.30 - Morning exercises (will help make the transition from sleep to wakefulness easier and give you energy), water treatments, bed making, toilet

7Morning breakfast

7The way to school or a morning walk before school starts

8Classes at school

12The road from school or a walk after school

13 Lunch (if for some reason you exclude hot breakfasts at school, then the child must go to lunch if he attends an extended day group)

13Afternoon rest or sleep (it’s difficult to put a modern child to bed after lunch, but quiet rest is necessary)

14Walk or games and outdoor sports activities

16Afternoon snack

16Preparing homework

17Walks in the fresh air

19Dinner and free activities (reading, music lessons, quiet games, manual labor, helping the family, foreign language classes, etc.)

20.30 - Getting ready for bed (hygiene measures - cleaning clothes, shoes, washing)

The child should sleep for about 10 hours. They should get up at 7 am and go to bed at 20.30 - 21.00, and the older ones at 22.00, at the latest - at 22.30.

You can switch classes. Based on your child's preferences and priorities, the main thing is to maintain an alternation of rest and work.

Every student's day should begin with morning exercises, which is not without reason called exercise, as it drives away the remnants of drowsiness and, as it were, gives a charge of vigor for the whole coming day. A set of exercises for morning exercises is best agreed upon with a physical education teacher. On the advice of the school doctor, gymnastics includes exercises that correct poor posture.

Gymnastic exercises should be carried out in a well-ventilated room, in the warm season - with an open window or in the fresh air. The body should be naked if possible (you should exercise in panties and slippers) so that the body simultaneously receives an air bath. Gymnastic exercises strengthen the functioning of the heart and lungs, improve metabolism, and have a beneficial effect on the nervous system.

After gymnastics, water procedures are carried out in the form of rubdowns or douches. Water procedures should be started only after a conversation with the school doctor about the student’s health condition. The first rubdowns should be carried out with water at a temperature of 30-28°, and every 2-3 days, reduce the water temperature by 1° (not lower than 12-13°), while the temperature in the room should not be lower than 15°. Gradually, you can move from rubbing to dousing. Water procedures with a gradual decrease in water temperature increase the body's resistance to sudden temperature fluctuations in the external environment. Consequently, the morning toilet, in addition to hygienic significance, also has a hardening effect, improves health, and increases resistance to colds. The entire morning toilet should take no more than 30 minutes. Morning exercises followed by water procedures prepare the student’s body for the working day.

The main activity of schoolchildren is their academic work at school and at home. But for the comprehensive development of children, it is also very important to accustom them to physical labor; work in the school workshop, in production, in “Skillful Hands” circles, in the garden, vegetable garden, helping the mother with housework. At the same time, children acquire not only labor skills, but also receive physical training and improve their health. Only the right combination of mental and physical labor contributes to the harmonious development of the student.

For schoolchildren of junior, middle and senior age, based on the age characteristics of their central nervous system, a certain duration of school hours is established. Preparing home lessons during the day for elementary school students should take 1 1/2-2 hours, middle school - 2-3 hours, high school - 3-4 hours.

With such a duration of homework, as special studies have shown, children work attentively, concentratedly all the time and by the end of classes remain cheerful and cheerful; There are no noticeable signs of fatigue.

If the preparation of homework is delayed, then the educational material is poorly absorbed, children have to re-read the same thing many times in order to understand the meaning, and they make many mistakes in written work.

Increasing the time it takes to prepare school assignments often depends on the fact that many parents force their children to prepare homework immediately upon arriving from school. In these cases, the student, after mental work at school, without having had time to rest, immediately receives a new load. As a result, he quickly becomes tired, the speed of completing tasks decreases, memorization of new material deteriorates, and in order to prepare all his lessons well, a diligent student sits at them for many hours.

For example, the mother of the boy Vova believes that her son, who is in the 2nd grade of the first shift, should come home from school, eat and do his homework, and then go for a walk. Vova K., a very neat, efficient boy, on the advice of his mother, prepares assignments immediately upon arriving from school, but for some time now completing assignments has become torment for him, he sits continuously for 3-4 hours, is nervous because he is ill masters educational material. This affected both health and academic performance. The boy lost weight, turned pale, began to sleep poorly, became absent-minded in school lessons, and his academic performance decreased.

It is not advisable to prepare homework immediately upon arrival from school. In order to learn the material well, students need to rest. The break between studying at school and starting to prepare homework at home must be at least 2 1/2 hours. Students will spend most of this break walking or playing outdoors.

Students studying in the first shift can start preparing homework no earlier than 16-17 hours. For second shift students, time should be allocated for preparing homework, starting at 8-8 1/2 o'clock in the morning; They should not be allowed to prepare their homework in the evening after returning from school, as their performance decreases by the end of the day.

When doing homework, just like at school, every 45 minutes you should take a break for 10 minutes, during which you need to ventilate the room, get up, walk around, and do a few breathing exercises.

Children often spend a lot of time preparing homework because their parents do not help them organize their homework correctly and do not create conditions for this work that would allow them to concentrate and work without distraction. In many cases, students have to prepare assignments when there is loud talking, arguing, or the radio in the room. These extraneous external stimuli distract attention (which happens especially easily in children), inhibit and disorganize the smooth functioning of the body. As a result, not only does the preparation time for lessons lengthen, but the child’s fatigue also increases, and in addition, he does not develop the skills of concentrated work, he learns to be distracted by extraneous matters while working. It also happens that while the child is preparing homework, parents interrupt him and give him small instructions: “put the kettle on,” “open the door,” etc. This is unacceptable. It is necessary to create calm learning conditions for the student and demand that he work with concentration and not stay at lessons for more than the allotted time.

Every student needs certain a permanent place at a common or special table for doing homework, since in the same constant environment attention is quickly focused on the educational material, and therefore its assimilation is more successful. The workplace must be such that the student can freely position himself with his aids. The dimensions of the table and chair must correspond to the student’s height, otherwise the muscles quickly fatigue and the child cannot maintain the correct posture at the table while performing tasks. Sitting for a long time in an incorrect position leads to curvature of the spine, stooping, sunken chest, and abnormal development of the chest organs. If a student has a special table for studying, then until the age of 14, the height of the table and chair should be changed in a timely manner. For students with a height of 120-129 cm, the height of the table should be 56 cm and the height of the chair - 34 cm, for students with a height of 130-139 cm - the height of the table should be 62 cm, the height of the chair - 38 cm.

When a schoolchild works at a common table, the difference in the height of the table from the floor and the height of the chair from the floor should be no more than 27 cm and no less than 21 cm. To ensure this position for younger schoolchildren, you can put one or two well-planed boards on the chair, and under your feet place a bench for support. Parents should monitor the student's seating position while preparing home lessons and during free classes. Proper seating of the student ensures normal visual perception, free breathing, normal blood circulation and contributes to the development of good posture. With correct seating, 2/3 of the student’s hips are placed on the seat of the chair, the legs are bent at right angles at the hip and knee joints and rest on the floor or bench, both forearms rest freely on the table, and the shoulders are at the same level. Between the chest and the edge of the table there should be a distance equal to the width of the student’s palm, the distance from the eyes to a book or notebook should be at least 30-35 cm. If the height of the table and chair corresponds to the size of the student’s body, then by monitoring the correct seating, you can easily teach children sit straight.

For the growth and development of a child's body, clean, fresh air is necessary. It is of great importance for increasing mental performance, improving brain function and maintaining vigor. Therefore, before classes, as well as during 10-minute breaks, you need to ventilate the room, and in the warm season you should study with an open vent or an open window. Another important condition for classes is sufficient lighting of the workplace, both natural and artificial, since doing homework (reading, writing) is associated with great eye strain. The light from the window or from a lamp should fall on the textbooks (notebooks) to the left of the sitting student, so that the shadow from the hand does not fall. There should be no tall flowers or a solid curtain on the window, as this will impair the lighting of the workplace. When studying under artificial lighting conditions, the table must be additionally illuminated with a table lamp, placing it in front and to the left. The electric lamp must have a power of 75 watts and be covered with a shade to prevent light rays from entering the eyes.

Fulfillment of all the above conditions contributes to maintaining high performance.

The success of preparing homework and the success of school work also depend on the timeliness of completing other elements of the regime. Thus, an important element of a schoolchild’s daily routine is rest.

With prolonged intense mental work, the nerve cells of the brain become tired and depleted., in working organs, the processes of breakdown of substances begin to prevail over their replenishment, therefore efficiency decreases. To prevent this from happening, the body should be given timely rest. During rest, the processes of restoration of substances in the tissues are enhanced, the metabolic shifts that have occurred are eliminated and proper performance is restored. Particularly important during mental work, in which primarily the cells of the cerebral cortex, which are easily fatigued, are involved, is the alternation of mental work with other types of activity.

The largest Russian scientist proved that the best rest is not complete rest, but the so-called active rest, that is, the change of one type of activity to another. During mental work, excitement occurs in the working cells of the cerebral cortex; at the same time, other cells of the cerebral cortex are in a state of inhibition - they are resting. The transition to another type of activity, for example, movement, causes excitation to occur in previously non-working cells, and in working cells, an inhibitory process arises and intensifies, during which the cells rest and recover.

One-sided mental sedentary work of schoolchildren does not create conditions for full physical development and health. The replacement of mental labor with physical labor, in which the child’s entire body or parts of it are involved in movement, contributes to the rapid restoration of performance. The best active recreation for a schoolchild is physical activity, especially outdoors. Spending children outdoors has great health benefits. Fresh, clean air strengthens the student’s body, improves metabolic processes, the functioning of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and increases his resistance to infection. The best types of mobile activities that quickly dissipate fatigue and exhaustion are movements chosen by the children themselves, performed by them with pleasure, joy, and emotional uplift. Such movements are outdoor games and sports entertainment (in the warm season - games with a ball, jumping rope, small towns, etc.; in winter - sledding, skating, skiing).

Experience shows that with the desire and persistence of parents, almost every yard can have a skating rink in the winter and a ball game area can be organized in the summer.

Parents should encourage the desire of middle and older schoolchildren exercise in one of the sports sections at schools, pioneer houses or youth sports schools. These activities make the student strong, resilient and have a positive impact on his performance and academic performance.

For outdoor outdoor games, students of the first shift should be given time after lunch before starting homework, and students of the second shift - after preparing their homework before leaving for school. The total duration of stay in the open air, including the journey to school and back, should be at least 1/2 hours for younger students, and at least 2-2 1/2 hours for older students.

Outdoor games, outdoor sports You should spend more time on weekends, combining them with walks outside the city, into the forest, and with excursions. Many parents incorrectly think that instead of playing outdoors, children are better off reading fiction or doing housework. They should be reminded of the old pedagogical rule: “Children’s character is formed not so much in the classroom at a desk, but on the lawn, in outdoor games.”

In the student’s daily routine, time should be allocated for free chosen creative activity, such as designing, drawing, modeling, music, reading fiction. This takes 1 - 1 1/2 hours for younger students during the day, and 1 1/2 - 2 1/2 hours for older students.

Every schoolchild should be involved in feasible work around the house. The younger ones can be entrusted with cleaning the room, watering flowers, washing dishes; for older people - a walk with the kids, buying groceries, working in the garden, etc.

Some parents do not involve their children in family service work at all and even in service work for themselves (cleaning shoes, dresses, making the bed, sewing on a collar, buttons, etc.). This will make them make a big mistake.

Thus, the mother of two schoolchildren, despite the fact that they are already in the 6th grade, believes that her children are still too young to do housework. The mother herself cleans the apartment, goes grocery shopping, washes the dishes, without involving the children in this. Previously, children had a desire to do something for the house themselves, but their caring mother warned them about everything. And now, growing up, they make complaints to their mother: why the clothes are not ironed properly, why the room is poorly cleaned. Children grew up selfish, people who do not know how to do anything. Such parents forget that work not only contributes to the proper upbringing of the child and disciplines him, it helps to improve his physical development and health. Every schoolchild should be taught to help his family and instill a love of work.

For proper growth and development of a child, a sufficiently high-calorie diet is necessary., complete in protein, fat, carbohydrates, mineral salts and vitamins.

Much attention should be paid to the diet, regular meals at strictly established times - every 3-4 hours (4-5 times a day). Those who always eat at a certain time develop a conditioned reflex for time, i.e., when a certain hour approaches, appetite appears, the secretion of digestive juices begins, which facilitates the digestion of food.

Disorderly eating leads to the fact that the necessary preparation of the gastrointestinal system for these meals does not occur, nutrients are less absorbed, and appetite is lost. Disorderly eating of sweets and sugar especially spoils the appetite.

To illustrate, we can give an example with a schoolchild. He did not have specific hours for meals: on some days he had lunch immediately upon arriving from school, on other days, without having lunch, he ran out into the street with a piece of bread, then ran home for candy or cookies. His parents often gave him money to buy ice cream, which he ate right there on the street. Returning from such a celebration, the boy not only forgot about lunch, but also refused dinner. The boy's mother, trying to find the cause of her son's loss of appetite, went with him from one doctor to another, thinking that the boy was seriously ill. There was only one reason: irregular meals, random eating of sweets. In this case, it was enough for the mother to set the exact time for meals for the boy, and his appetite was restored. The environment in which food is eaten is of great importance for stimulating appetite. The sight of a table with neatly arranged plates and cutlery, and the smell of deliciously cooked food stimulate the appetite, causing the so-called mental phase of the separation of digestive juices.

It is necessary to teach the student to wash his hands before each meal, to eat slowly, without talking, without reading while eating. Regular intake of nutritious food, subject to all hygiene rules, is the key to health.

The schoolchild's day should end with an evening toilet and subsequent sleep. No more than 30 minutes are allotted for evening dressing. During this time, the student must put his school uniform and shoes in order. Then you need to wash your face, brush your teeth, and wash your feet with water at room temperature.

In the evening, after intense hours of wakefulness and the perception of many irritations from the outside world, an inhibitory process quickly occurs in the cerebral cortex, which easily spreads to other parts of the nervous system, causing sleep.

This inhibition is called protective, since it protects the nervous system from excessive work and exhaustion. As already mentioned, the younger the child, the less endurance his nervous system has to external stimuli and the greater his need for sleep.

Thus, the total duration of sleep for 7-year-old schoolchildren should be 12 hours a day, of which it is better to allocate one hour for an afternoon nap. Sleep duration for children 8-9 years old is 10 1/2-11 hours, for 10-11 years old - 10 hours, for 12-15 years old - 9 hours and for older students - 9 - 8 1/2 hours. Night sleep is a long rest that eliminates the fatigue that appears at the end of the day and restores the body's strength. In nerve cells, under the influence of the inhibitory process, recovery processes are enhanced. Cells again gain the ability to perceive irritations from the external environment and give an appropriate response to them. Lack of sleep has a harmful effect on the nervous system of schoolchildren and leads to decreased performance.

The student should be taught to always go to bed at the same time and get up at the same time, then his nervous system becomes accustomed to a certain rhythm of work and rest. Then the student will fall asleep easily and quickly and wake up easily and quickly at a certain hour.

Both first and second shift students must get up at 7 a.m. and go to bed at 8:30 p.m. - 9 p.m., and seniors at 10 p.m., or 10:30 p.m. at the latest.

The fullness of sleep is determined not only by its duration, but also by its depth. Sleep of sufficient duration, but not deep, with dreams and talking in sleep does not provide complete rest. In order for a child to have deep sleep, it is necessary that before bedtime the student does not engage in noisy games, arguments, or stories that cause strong feelings, as this interferes with falling asleep quickly and disrupts the depth of sleep. Deep sleep is also prevented by external stimuli: conversations, light, etc.

The child should sleep in a separate bed corresponding to the size of his body; this creates the opportunity to maintain the body muscles in a relaxed state throughout sleep.

One of the main conditions for maintaining the depth of children's sleep is to sleep in a well-ventilated room at an air temperature no higher than 16-18°. It’s even better to teach a schoolchild to sleep with the window open. In this case, the bed should be no closer than 2 m from the window so that the cold stream of air does not fall on the child, or the window should be covered with gauze.

Compliance with all these conditions contributes to the child’s proper sleep and full restoration of his strength for the next working day.

When drawing up a schoolchild's daily routine, parents can be guided by daily routine diagrams. Based on these daily routine diagrams, each schoolchild, with the help of his parents, can create a daily routine, post this schedule in a visible place and strictly adhere to it. Schoolchildren need to be reminded of the words who said that they need to organize their studies, their day in such a way as to be able to do well and study well and go for walks, and play, and do physical education.

A particularly difficult and important time in the life of every student is the exam period., therefore, during this period the regime must be observed especially clearly. In no case should you increase your hours of study at the expense of sleep and walks, or disrupt your diet, as this leads to fatigue and weakening of the nervous system and the entire body. Unfortunately, very often during exams, schoolchildren, especially tenth-graders, break their routine and study for many hours in a row without rest or sleep, thinking that this will help them better prepare for exams. But they are wrong - a tired brain does not perceive and remember what is read well, and you have to spend more time absorbing the same material, but the result is poor.

For example, on the eve of an exam, a girl, feeling that there was little time left to review the material she had covered, studied until 2 am. As a result of lack of sleep for several hours, the girl had a headache in the morning, the girl became very irritable and worried, although she managed to repeat all the material. During the exam, she could not remember what she knew well. After this incident, the schoolgirl made it a rule to never study late and observe a work-rest schedule during exams.

Parents should know and instill in their children that they need to work hard throughout the year so that the exams will not be difficult. And during the exam period, parents should help their children organize their study schedule, ensure silence, proper nutrition, and timely sleep.