Baron Munchausen said that he... Adventures of a little unicorn

Sections: Primary School

TASKS: introduce students to the writer Rudolf Erich Raspe; conclude that a person can find a way out of any situation.

EQUIPMENT:

  • book exhibition - books “The Adventures of Baron Munchausen” from different years of publication, from different publishers, with illustrations by different artists;

PROGRESS OF THE EVENT

Leading:

The German writer Rudolf Erich Raspe (1737–1794) published an anonymous book in 1786 about the adventures of Baron Munchausen. The book was published in England. And in it, at first, there were 49 pages.

The Baron is a crafty, good-natured and disinterested inventor. The listeners laugh in his eyes, and he seems to invite them to make fun of him. Little do they know that they are laughing at themselves no less.

Who doesn’t remember their own stories about their strength, courage, and resourcefulness? It is more correct to laugh at yourself than at others, that laughing in general is much more worthy than puffing up, while accidentally shielding yourself.

The baron's fantastic adventures are based on stories from someone who actually lived in the 18th century. in Germany Baron Munchausen. He was a military man, served for some time in Russia and fought with the Turks. Returning to his estate in Germany, Munchausen soon became known as a witty storyteller, inventing the most incredible adventures.

So, Rudolf Raspe’s book “Stories of Baron Munchausen about his amazing travels and campaigns in Russia” became so popular that it was translated into German by Gottfried August Burger and published in Germany, Munchausen’s homeland. And then there were sequels, invented by other authors.

When these books caught the eye of our hero, he was simply furious. After all, Munchausen did not give anyone the right to write about him. It turned out that Raspe and other “paper makers” presented him, a valiant officer of the Russian army, as an eccentric German baron who gets into incredible stories.

But Munchausen became a favorite hero of children and adults. And crowds of admirers flocked to his hometown of Bodenwerder.

The first book in Russian was published back in 1791. It was called “If you don’t like it, don’t listen, and don’t bother lying.”

Today we know about Baron Munchausen from a children’s retelling by Korney Chukovsky, who, for the convenience of Russian children, slightly simplified the hero’s surname by removing one letter from it. That is why in Russia they are accustomed to calling the baron Munchausen.

So, we begin the journey with Baron Munchausen.

1. The Baron goes to Russia. Slide 5; 6;

What happened to him?

Horse on the roof; Slide 7: 8;

Harnessed the wolf to the sleigh. Slide 9;

2. What animals did Baron Munchausen hunt?

  1. How was the baron able to catch a whole flock of ducks?
    (I tied a piece of lard to the end of the string and threw this end into the lake where the ducks were swimming: one duck swallowed the lard, but since it was slippery, it immediately came out from behind...)
    Slide 10; eleven; 12; 13; 14;
  1. How did the baron's resourcefulness manifest itself when the ducks flew into the air and lifted him to the clouds?
    (he made a steering wheel from a frock coat, then twisted the heads of several ducks and slowly sank to the ground, or rather, into the chimney of his own kitchen)
    Slide 15;
  1. The pig walked through the forest, holding the tail of her piglet. Why?
    (she was blind)
    Slide 16; 17; 18; 19;
  1. How can you catch a ferocious beast alive without using up a single charge?
    (the baron hid from the boar behind a tree, and the boar flew into an oak tree and sank its fangs into the trunk)
    Slide 20; 21; 22; 23;
  1. How can you get both a roast and a cherry compote in one shot?
    (the baron shot a deer with a cherry pit, and a year later he met this deer with a cherry tree on his head)
    Slide 24; 25; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29;
  1. what is the situation in this picture? And how did Baron Munchausen show himself in it?
    (wolf inside out)
    Slide 30;

3. Let's remember what kind of dogs Baron Munchausen had: Slide 31;

  1. Diana - what is told about this dog?
    (I guarded partridges for 14 days and hunted with a flashlight on my tail)
  2. A greyhound wore down its paws chasing a hare and became a dachshund.
    And what helped the scythe to escape from pursuit for two days?
    (in addition to the usual legs, there were spare ones. Four legs were on the stomach and four were on the back)
    Slide 32;
  3. Sultan - caught a fox that swallowed 13 partridges.
  1. A dog with a gun on his side.
  2. in the cartoon - Matilda. Slide 33;
  3. Munchausen assured his listeners that he successfully hunted without a gun and a dog. How did he do it? He also mentions some wonderful object...
    (hunting vest with great buttons. Tell us about it.

The baron ordered a jacket to be sewn from the skin of his deceased beloved dog and began to wear it every time he went hunting. “When I approach the game within shooting distance, a button comes off my jacket and, like a bullet, flies straight at the animal,” the baron said)

4. Where else did Baron Munchausen visit?

  1. Africa
    (lion + crocodile) Slide 34;
  1. Türkiye Slide 35; 36;
    Military campaign Slide 37;

How did the Baron accomplish a very difficult task?
(inspect enemy positions from above; using a flying cannonball) Slide 38;

What happened to the horse? Slide 39;

How did Baron Munchausen get out of the situation?
(the baron sewed the halves of the horse together with twigs) Slide 40;

What branches did the gazebo grow from?
(laurel)
Slide 41;

  1. Meetings with polar bears.
    What is a bear handshake?
    (bears suck their paws in winter; if you hold a bear by its paws, it will die of hunger)
    Slide 43;

How many marks are there on the gun and what do they mean?
(200, for bears)
Slide 44;

  1. Moon.
    Why did the baron need to go to the moon?
    (driving the bear away from the hives, Munchausen threw a hatchet at the beast with such force that the tool flew to the moon)
    How did the baron get to the moon? What “vegetable” helped him with this?
    (beans)
  1. where else did Baron Munchausen visit?
    (Cheese Island, Egypt, England, etc.)

5. Positive traits of Baron Munchausen: Slide 46;

  • Resourceful;
  • Smart;
  • Lucky;

6. Negative traits:

  • Liar;
  • Self-confident;
  • Boastful;
  • Conceit;
  • A person who ascribes to himself qualities that he does not have.

Conclusion: in life you must always be able to find a way out of any situation.

Baron Munchausen has long been a literary character. And somehow it was forgotten that in the 18th century there was a very real person - Baron Hieronymus Carl Friedrich von Munchausen. And this man was in the Russian service. And the most striking events of his life took place in Russia.

Cornet of the Cuirassier Regiment

Fortune turned away from the baron. Elizaveta Petrovna overthrew the Brunswick dynasty and sat on the throne herself. Munchausen was lucky that he did not end up in exile. But the career, of course, stalled. He had to wait 10 years for the next promotion.

However, there was another moment in the baron’s Russian life when luck could turn his way. In 1744, he, a lieutenant of the Cuirassier Regiment, met in Riga Princess Sophia Augusta Frederica of Anhalt-Zerbt, who was traveling to Russia. Simply put, the future Empress Catherine II. “I very much praised the troops I saw and especially the cuirassier regiment, which is truly extremely beautiful,” wrote Catherine’s mother.

It must be said that Munchausen was also extremely handsome. Tall, stately, with regular facial features, not at all like the slight old man with a goatee, as he is usually portrayed. Catherine loved handsome men. And of course, many years later the baron told tales about how she noticed him and distinguished him. And how there was something between them. By the way, they believed in this. The reputation of Catherine II did not allow one to doubt the baron’s words.

But again - alas. The princess just looked at him and smiled at best. But in Riga he looked for a wife - local noblewoman Jacobina von Dunten.

Tales in the hunting pavilion

In 1750, Baron Munchausen finally received the long-awaited new rank - captain. And he immediately took leave and went to Germany “to correct extreme and necessary needs.” The needs were that he shared the inheritance with his brothers. He never returned to Russia. Munchausen wanted his resignation to be formalized as expected - with a pension and promotion to the next rank. The Military Collegium stated that for this he must return to Russia and submit a petition there. In the end, he was fired from the Russian service as having left it without permission. Without any pension.

However, Munchausen was extremely proud of his existing rank. And in all official documents he called himself the captain of the Russian army. In general, the Baron always remembered Russia with love and warmth.

From then until his death he lived in Bodenwerder, his family estate. After St. Petersburg, the Saxon wilderness made me sad. True, even here in the baron’s life there was a place for adventure, although without exploits.

One day he decided to build a bridge across the river to make it more convenient to get from the estate to the nearest city. However, the burgomaster prohibited construction. He said that having built the bridge, it would need to be protected, but there was no money for this. But it was not in vain that Munchausen lived in Russia for many years. He learned Russian customs well. And, naturally, he didn’t give a damn about some burgomaster. Then the indignant townspeople, armed with axes, came and destroyed the building. Such an inglorious adventure.

The Baron hunted, but is it possible to compare hunting in Saxony with Russian hunting, about the national characteristics of which even films are made. But still, he built himself a hunting pavilion, where he gathered friends and told stories over punch. About flying on a cannonball. About a fox who jumped out of her fur coat and ran away naked.

“He usually began to talk after dinner, lighting his huge hemp pipe with a short mouthpiece and placing a steaming glass of punch in front of him,” recalls one of the baron’s listeners. “He gesticulated more and more expressively, twirled his little smart wig on his head, his face became more and more animated and red, and he, usually a very truthful person, at these moments wonderfully acted out his fantasies.”

Old cuckold

Considering himself an unsurpassed storyteller, Munchausen did not tolerate competition. Once, visiting officers started talking to him about their victories on the love front. The Baron immediately interrupted them, saying that all this was nonsense compared to his adventures. And he told how he rode in a sleigh with the Russian Empress. These sleighs were of such a size that they contained both a dance hall and separate rooms for intimate pleasures.

All the baron's stories were about Russia. Because Russia is the only vivid memory. All other countries will be dragged in by the authors of books written on his behalf, but without his knowledge.

In 1781, 16 stories were published in the Berlin magazine “Guide for Merry People”. The narrator's name was hidden under the abbreviation "M-g-z-n." And in 1785, Rudolf Erich Raspe published the stories of Baron Munchausen in English. A year later a German translation appeared. Munchausen became furious and filed a lawsuit, but his claim was rejected.

European glory did not please the retired captain. He was also not pleased with the nickname “liar baron” that had stuck with him. The servants received orders not to let in the curious, who flocked from all over to listen to the tales of the “liar baron.”

And after the death of his wife, 74-year-old Munchausen married 17-year-old beauty Bernardine von Brun. Not realizing that the frivolous and wasteful young lady was only interested in his estate.

Soon the wife gave birth to a child. And then Munchausen realized that the child was not his. He kicked out his wife and didn’t recognize his child. The abandoned spouse started a process demanding alimony. Local residents enjoyed going to court hearings to listen to the juicy details.

As a result, the child died, his wife fled abroad, and the baron was completely ruined.

At 76, he died of a heart attack. Oddly enough, forgotten by everyone. One maid remained next to him. Shortly before her death, she asked Munchausen why he did not have two toes. The Baron simply froze them in Russia, and his fingers had to be amputated (they said that he had frozen something else, which is why he could not have children). But even on his deathbed, Munchausen remained true to himself. His fingers, he says, were bitten off by a polar bear during a polar hunt. And so he died - with a story on his lips.

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Dear readers, some names, dates and places of action in our material have been changed, because much information on this topic has not yet been declassified. A number of inaccuracies in the coverage of events were intentionally made.

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Munchausen is a famous literary character of anecdotal stories about incredible adventures and fantastic travels. His name has long become a household name as a designation for a person who tells imaginary stories. But not everyone knows that these fables are based on a real story: Munchausen really existed. Full name of the "King of Liars" Carl Friedrich Hieronymus Baron von Munchausen. He was born exactly 295 years ago, on May 11, 1720, near the German city of Hanover on a family estate, which now houses a museum dedicated to the famous fellow countryman and part-time literary hero. Books have been written about Munchausen for more than two centuries, films and cartoons have been made, plays have been staged, and a mental illness is even named after him (when a person cannot reliably convey specific information). Karl owes such popularity not only to his amazing imagination, but also to his rare talent - never losing his presence of mind and finding a way out of even the most difficult situations.

The famous narrator belonged to the ancient aristocratic Lower Saxon family of Munchausens, known back in the 12th century. In the 15th-17th centuries, Charles’s ancestors were considered hereditary marshals of the Principality of Minden, and in the 18th century they received the baronial title. Among them were brave warriors and nobles, but the most famous bearer of the surname turned out to be “that same Munchausen.” However, everything can still change: about 50 representatives of the ancient family still live today.

“I went to Russia...”

“I went to Russia...”,with these words begins one of the famous children's stories “The Adventures of Baron Munchausen” » Rudolf Raspe, which tells how, during a heavy snowfall, the baron tied his horse to a post, which turned out to be the cross of the bell tower. And there would not have been all these jokes, books, films, if in December 1737, as a page of the DukeAnton UlrichMunchausen did not go to Russia. Anton Ulrich was a representative of one of the most noble families in Europe, which is whyAnna Ioannovnachose him as the groom for her niece, the princessAnna Leopoldovna.

Munchausen tells stories. Vintage postcard. Source: Commons.wikimedia.org

In Russia, next to the young Duke, Munchausen had opportunities for a brilliant career, since Empress Anna Ioannovna preferred to appoint “foreigners” to all high posts. Already in 1738, the German baron participated in the Turkish campaign, entered the rank of cornet in the prestigious Brunswick Cuirassier Regiment, then became a lieutenant and even took command of the first, elite company. But this was the end of the easy climb up the career ladder - the reason for this was the Elizabethan revolution. The youngest daughter of Peter I believed that she had much more rights to the throne, and in 1741 she arrested the entire reigning family. If Munchausen had still remained in Anton Ulrich's retinue, exile would have awaited him, but the baron was lucky - he continued his military service. By this time, Karl had already proven himself to be an honest officer who carefully performed all his duties, but he was not given the next rank, because he was related to the disgraced royal family. Only in 1750, after numerous petitions, was the last of those nominated for promotion to be appointed captain. The Baron understood that luck would no longer smile on him in Russia, and under the pretext of family matters he went on a year's vacation to his homeland with his young wife, the daughter of a Riga judge, a Baltic German Jacobean background Dunten. Then he extended his leave twice and was finally expelled from the regiment. With this, Munchausen’s “Russian odyssey” ended, the baron became an ordinary German landowner and led the life of an average-income landowner. All he could do was remember his service in Russia and talk about his adventures, which his listeners soon stopped believing in.

"King of Liars"

Bodenwerder, where the Munchausen family estate was located, at that time was a provincial town with a population of 1,200 inhabitants, with whom, moreover, the baron did not immediately have a good relationship. He communicated only with neighboring landowners, went hunting in the surrounding forests and occasionally visited neighboring towns. Over time, Karl acquired the offensive nicknames “liar baron”, “king of liars”, and “lies of the liar of all liars”, and all because he spoke, not without exaggeration, about his adventures in Russia, about the fierce Russian winter, about the fabulous hunting, about court dinners and holidays. In one of his memoirs, Munchausen described a giant pate served at the royal dinner: “When the lid was removed from it, a little man dressed in velvet came out and with a bow presented the text of the poem to the empress on a pillow.” One could doubt this fiction, but even historians talk about such dinners today, while Munchausen’s fellow countrymen saw only lies in these words.

Munchausen tells stories. Latvian stamp, 2005. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org

Karl was very witty and most often began his memoirs in response to the too incredible tales of hunters or fishermen about their outstanding “exploits.” One of Munchausen’s listeners described his stories this way: “... He gesticulated more and more expressively, twirled his little smart wig on his head with his hands, his face became more and more animated and red. And he, usually a very truthful person, at these moments wonderfully acted out his fantasies.” They loved to retell these fantasies, and soon the baron's stories became widely known. Once, in one of the Berlin humorous almanacs, several stories were published by “the very witty Mr. M-h-z-n, who lives near Hannover.” In 1785 the writer Rudolf Erich Raspe turned these stories into a solid work and published them in London under the title “Baron Munchausen’s Narrative of His Wonderful Travels and Campaigns in Russia.” Karl himself saw the book the following year, when it was published in German translation. The Baron was furious, because it indicated his person without any hint. While Munchausen tried in vain through the courts to punish everyone who discredited his good name, the book continued to enjoy fantastic popularity and was translated into different languages. Very soon the baron's life became unbearable, he became an object of ridicule. Karl was forced to place servants around the house so that they would drive away the curious who came to stare at the “king of liars.”

Monument to the Baron in Bodenwerder, Germany. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org / Wittkowsky

In addition to literary upheavals, at this time Munchausen was beset by family troubles: Jacobina died in 1790, and he married a 17-year-old woman for the second time. Bernardine von Brun, who after the wedding began to lead a too frivolous lifestyle. The baron did not want to become famous as a cuckold and started an expensive divorce process, which squeezed out not only the rest of the money, but also the strength of the 76-year-old German. As a result, in 1797, Charles died in complete poverty from an apoplexy. Until his last days, he remained true to himself, and before his death, answering the question of the only maid caring for him about how he lost two toes (frostbitten in Russia), Munchausen said: “They were bitten off by a polar bear while hunting.”

Korney Chukovsky, who adapted Rudolf Raspe's book for children, translated the baron's surname from English "Münchausen" into Russian as "Munhausen".

The biography of the German baron with the difficult-to-pronounce surname Munchausen is full of unprecedented adventures. The man flew to the moon, visited the stomach of a fish, and fled from the Turkish Sultan. And the main thing is that all this actually happened. This is what Baron Munchausen personally says. It is not surprising that the thoughts of an experienced traveler instantly turn into aphorisms.

History of creation

The author of the first stories about the adventures of Baron Munchausen is Baron Munchausen himself. Few people know that the nobleman actually existed. Karl Friedrich was born into the family of Colonel Otto von Munchausen. At the age of 15, the young man went to military service, and after retiring, he spent his evenings telling tales:

“He usually began his story after dinner, lighting a huge meerschaum pipe with a short stem and placing a steaming glass of punch in front of him.”

The man gathered neighbors and friends in his own house, sat down in front of a blazing fireplace and acted out scenes from the adventures he had experienced. Sometimes the baron added small details to plausible stories to interest listeners.

Later, a couple of such tales were published anonymously in the collections “Der Sonderling” (“The Fool”) and “Vademecum fur lustige Leute” (“Guide to Merry People”). The stories are signed with Munchausen's initials, but the man did not confirm his own authorship. Fame among local residents grew. Now the King of Prussia Hotel has become a favorite place for conversations with listeners. It was there that the writer Rudolf Erich Raspe heard the stories of the cheerful baron.


In 1786, the book “Baron Munchausen’s Narrative of His Wonderful Travels and Campaigns in Russia” was published. To add spice, Raspe inserted more nonsense into the baron's original stories. The work was published in English.

In the same year, Gottfried Bürger - a German translator - published his version of the baron's exploits, adding more satire to the translated narrative. The main idea of ​​the book has changed dramatically. Now the adventures of Munchausen have ceased to be just fables, but have acquired a bright satirical and political connotation.


Although Burger’s creation “The Amazing Travels of Baron von Munchausen on Water and on Land, Hikes and Fun Adventures, as He Usually Talked about them Over a Bottle of Wine with His Friends” was published anonymously, the real Baron guessed who made his name famous:

“University Professor Burger disgraced me throughout Europe.”

Biography

Baron Munchausen grew up in a large, titled family. Almost nothing is known about the man’s parents. The mother was involved in raising her offspring, the father had a high military rank. In his youth, the baron left his home and went in search of adventure.


The young man took on the duties of a page under the German Duke. As part of the retinue of an eminent nobleman, Friedrich ended up in Russia. Already on the way to St. Petersburg, all sorts of troubles awaited the young man.

The baron's winter trip dragged on; night was already approaching. Everything was covered with snow and there were no villages nearby. The young man tied his horse to a tree stump, and in the morning he found himself in the middle of the city square. The horse was hanging, tied to the cross of the local church. However, troubles regularly happened to the baron's faithful horse.


After serving at the Russian court, the attractive nobleman went to the Russian-Turkish War. To find out about the enemy's plans and count the cannons, the baron made the famous flight riding on a cannonball. The shell turned out to be not the most convenient means of transportation and fell along with the hero into the swamp. The Baron was not used to waiting for help, so he pulled himself out by the hair.

“Lord, how tired I am of you! Understand that Munchausen is famous not because he flew or didn’t fly, but because he didn’t lie.”

The fearless Munghausen fought the enemies sparing no effort, but was still captured. The imprisonment did not last long. After his release, the man went on a trip around the world. The hero visited India, Italy, America and England.


In Lithuania, the baron met a girl named Jacobina. The charming woman charmed the brave soldier. The young people got married and returned to Munchausen’s homeland. Now the man spends his free time on his own estate, devoting a lot of time to hunting and sitting by the burning fireplace, and is happy to tell anyone about his tricks.

The Adventures of Baron Munchausen

Often funny situations happen to a man while hunting. The Baron does not spend time preparing for the campaign, so he regularly forgets to replenish his supply of bullets. One day the hero went to a pond inhabited by ducks, and the weapon was unsuitable for shooting. The hero caught the birds with a piece of lard and tied the game to each other. When the ducks soared into the sky, they easily lifted the baron and carried the man home.


While traveling around Russia, the baron saw a strange beast. While hunting in the forest, Munchausen came across an eight-legged hare. The hero chased the animal around the neighborhood for three days until he shot the animal. The hare had four legs on his back and stomach, so he did not get tired for a long time. The animal simply rolled over onto its other paws and continued running.

The baron's friends know that Munchausen visited all corners of the Earth and even visited the planet's satellite. The flight to the moon took place during Turkish captivity. Accidentally throwing a hatchet onto the surface of the Moon, the hero climbed a stalk of chickpeas and found it lost in a haystack. It was more difficult to go back down - the pea stalk withered in the sun. But the dangerous feat ended in another victory for the baron.


Before returning home, the man was attacked by a bear. Munchausen squeezed the clubfoot with his hands and kept the animal for three days. The man's steel hug caused his paws to break. The bear died of hunger because he had nothing to suck. From this moment on, all local bears avoid the harrow.

Munchausen had incredible adventures everywhere. Moreover, the hero himself perfectly understood the reason for this phenomenon:

“It’s not my fault if such wonders happen to me that have never happened to anyone else. This is because I love to travel and am always looking for adventure, while you sit at home and see nothing but the four walls of your room.”

Film adaptations

The first film about the adventures of the fearless baron was released in France in 1911. The painting, entitled “Hallucinations of Baron Munchausen,” lasts 10.5 minutes.


Because of his originality and colorfulness, the character was liked by Soviet filmmakers and animators. Four cartoons about the baron were released, but the 1973 series won great love among viewers. The cartoon consists of 5 episodes, which are based on the book by Rudolf Raspe. Quotes from the animated series are still in use.


In 1979, the film “That Same Munchausen” was released. The film tells the story of the baron's divorce from his first wife and his attempts to tie the knot with his longtime lover. The main characters differ from the book prototypes; the film is a free interpretation of the original work. The image of the baron was brought to life by an actor, and his beloved Martha was played by an actress.


Films about the exploits of a military man, traveler, hunter and moon conqueror were also filmed in Germany, Czechoslovakia and Great Britain. For example, in 2012 the two-part film “Baron Munchausen” was released. The main role went to actor Jan Josef Liefers.

  • Munchausen means “house of the monk” in German.
  • In the book, the hero is presented as a dry, unattractive old man, but in his youth Munchausen had impressive appearance. The mother of Catherine the Second mentioned the charming baron in her personal diary.
  • The real Munchausen died in poverty. The fame that overtook the man thanks to the book did not help the baron in his personal life. The nobleman's second wife squandered the family fortune.

Quotes and aphorisms from the film “That Same Munchausen”

“After the wedding, we immediately went on a honeymoon: I went to Turkey, my wife went to Switzerland. And they lived there for three years in love and harmony.”
“I understand what your problem is. You are too serious. All the stupid things on earth are done with this facial expression... Smile, gentlemen, smile!”
“All love is legitimate if it is love!”
“A year ago, in these very regions, can you imagine, I met a deer. I raise my gun - it turns out there are no cartridges. There is nothing but cherries. I load my gun with a cherry pit, ugh! - I shoot and hit the deer in the forehead. He runs away. And this spring, in these very regions, imagine, I meet my handsome deer, on whose head a luxurious cherry tree grows.”
“Are you waiting for me, dear? Sorry... Newton delayed me."