Peter Grinev is a man.  The image of Grinev in The Captain's Daughter

Pushkin described the events of the Pugachev uprisings based on his own vision of Russia’s historical past. The characters presented by the author should help the reader recreate in his imagination the pictures of those days.

The image and characterization of Pyotr Grinev in “The Captain's Daughter” clearly shows that even in a difficult life situation one cannot give up.

Childhood and youth of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev

“Andrei Petrovich (Petit’s father) served under the count in his youth, and retired as prime minister.” The young man's mother came from a poor noble family. Peter was the only child in the family. Nine children born before him died.

Petrusha grew up as a mischievous boy and shirked his studies. I was glad when the French teacher was in a drunken stupor and did not require him to complete assignments.

“I lived as a teenager, chased pigeons, played leapfrog with the yard boys.”

The father tried to raise Petrusha according to military rules. The boy dreamed that he would go to serve in St. Petersburg, where he would begin a cheerful independent life. His parent sends him to a village located near Orenburg.

Conscience does not sleep

It may seem that Grinev is quite eccentric. On the way, he loses a hundred rubles in billiards and demands Savelich to repay the debt. The guy does not respond to the driver’s warning that a snowstorm will soon begin, but orders him to continue driving.

After such actions he realizes that he made a mistake. I am ready to make reconciliation and be the first to ask for forgiveness. This happened with Savelich.

"Well! That’s enough, let’s make peace, I’m guilty, I see that I’ve done something wrong.”

After the duel with Shvabrin, Peter quickly moves on from his offense.

“I forgot to him both our quarrel and the wound he received in the duel.”

Openness, ability to get along with people, show respect for them

In the Belogorsk fortress, Grinev immediately makes friends with Lieutenant Shvabrin, not yet understanding what kind of person he really is. He often visits the commandant's family. They are glad to see him. Conversations are held between them on all sorts of topics. The guy respects the Mironovs. He never takes advantage of his noble origin and does not divide people into social classes.

Love and devotion.

In love with Masha Mironova. Sincere feelings inspire him. Writes poems in her honor. When Shvabrin speaks obscene speeches about her, he immediately challenges him to a duel to defend the honor of his beloved. After receiving his father’s refusal to bless the marriage, he finds no place for himself and cannot imagine life without his beloved. Ready to go against the wishes of my parents.

Constantly thinks about Masha, worries about her. When Shvabrin held her in the fortress by force, Grinev was eager to go save her alone.

“Love strongly advised me to stay with Marya Ivanovna and be her protector and patron.”

Bravery and bravery of a real warrior

When Pugachev attacked the fortress and brutally dealt with those who were against his power, Grinev did not give up. He did not become a traitor, like Shvabrin, did not bow to the impostor, did not kiss his hands. The Raskolnik spared him, because once upon a time he gave him a warm sheepskin coat in gratitude for saving him from a strong snowstorm.

Peter tells the rebel the truth. When the liar demands to go over to his side, to promise not to fight against a gang of villains, the young man will sincerely answer that he cannot do that. He is not afraid of Emelyan’s anger, and this is what wins his respect.

1. Historical accuracy of the Captain's Daughter.

2. Petr Grinev. Characteristics and image in the story “The Captain's Daughter”

2.1. Image of Grinev.

2.2. Meeting with a rebel.

2.3. Masha.

3. My attitude towards the hero.

He based the plot of his story “The Captain's Daughter” on real historical events - the indignation of the peasants under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev.

It was a real uprising because it spread to many provinces and resulted in many human deaths. And although most of the characters in the story are fictitious, the author skillfully conveys to the reader the life and customs of that time, the morals and habits of the people who lived in that era.

One of these characters is Pyotr Grinev. On the first pages, he appears before us as a carefree, cheerful young man, whose life and career have long been predetermined by his rich parents. But fate makes its own adjustments.

The father decides to send the young man to real military service - to Orenburg. This event becomes the starting point in the life of a young nobleman. From this moment his maturation begins, his formation as a person, as well as the testing of his noble positive qualities.

Everything good and positive that Grinev adopted from his parents and his teacher Savelich had a beneficial effect on his behavior and actions. He was able to appreciate the spiritual beauty of Masha Mironova, recognize Shvabrin’s duplicity, win the respect of Pugachev and not compromise his noble honor.

On the way to his place of duty, a seventeen-year-old officer meets an unsightly ragamuffin who is destined to influence the entire future life of the protagonist. Later, the officer meets this man under different circumstances. In the fortress where the main character serves, a terrible danger threatens - the army of a cruel rebel is moving, mercilessly destroying all dissenters on its way.

The garrison is in turmoil, only one old captain remains calm and courageous. He is supported in everything by Grinev, who showed unshakable courage and military valor while defending the weakly defended fortress. He does not tremble and does not lose his pride, even when his boss dies, and he, like most officers, is sentenced to death. But the unthinkable is happening here. The leader of the rebels, who has taken on the role of the arbiter of human destinies, has mercy on Grinev and even invites him to dinner. There he invites a young man to enter his service, having betrayed the empress.

This rebel, who calls himself Emperor Peter, is none other than Grinev’s guide! He remembers the grateful young man and therefore shows him such favors. But the main character does not lose his head from such proposals. He remains faithful to his oath, he is even ready to die so as not to tarnish the honor of the officer’s uniform. Grinev is brave and courageous, but at the same time he is not reckless. He speaks respectfully to Pugachev, thinking and weighing every word. He understands that not only his life, but also the life of his beloved Masha depends on the impostor’s whim.

The young officer explains that he will not serve with the rebels and that he cannot promise not to fight against them. Grinev honestly but correctly admits: “I swore allegiance to the empress: I cannot serve you,” and adds: “My head is in your power: if you let me go, thank you, if you execute me, God will be your judge.” This difficult conversation reveals to us a new hero - a cautious, insightful man, a real diplomat, firm in his decision, a man of honor. The harsh army life made him this way. He became this way thanks to his conscience and understanding of the laws of morality.

But his first love also played an important role in Grinev’s maturation. Peter first saw this sweet, meek girl at his place of service - in the Belgorod fortress. He was impressed by Masha's modesty, her poetic soul, her kindness and obedience to her parents. Grinev treats the captain's daughter with respect, he does not flirt with her, does not play with her feelings. He respectfully asks for her hand. He stands up for the girl’s honor, challenging the dishonest Shvabrin to a duel. Risking his life and honor, the young man saves Masha from the hands of the oppressor and takes her to a safe place.

On the way, Peter meets another old acquaintance - Zurin, with whom he got drunk for the first time in his life and to whom he lost a hundred rubles. Having transferred Marya Ivanovna into the reliable hands of Savelich, the main character goes with Zurin’s detachment on a campaign against Pugachev. This decision speaks of the nobility of the young officer, that for him service is above all. That he is not going to hide behind the backs of his friends, but is personally ready to fight for his homeland and the empress.

Grinev’s behavior during arrest and interrogation is noteworthy. In order not to tarnish the honor of his beloved, he does not mention her name in his explanations. He reflects all the accusations and slander calmly and coolly, having only one desire - that the name of Marya Mironova is not mentioned among this dirt and gossip. Thanks to Masha’s love and dedication, Grinev is acquitted and released.

I like the main character. He is a true man of duty and honor. He is brave, courageous, strong, tactful and wise, generous and kind. His pure, tender love for the captain’s daughter is based on a real feeling, it is sublime and worthy of imitation. Many situations in the life of the main character are very instructive. For example, they show how important it is to be grateful and not consider people unimportant just because they are poorly dressed. If Peter had not thanked the drunken beggar for a small favor, then the influential and cruel rebel would not have saved the lives of either him or Marya Ivanovna.

While reading the story, it was interesting for me to watch Grinev grow up. From a pampered, inexperienced youth, he turns into a sensible, courageous man, devoted to his duty and calling, sincerely in love, always respectful and fair.

Grinev's son. If in the person of Grinev the father he appears to us from the very beginning with a fully developed and finally established character, then the character of the young, sixteen-year-old youth, Pyotr Andreevich, is remarkably shown by Pushkin in his movement and development.

At first Petrusha- a careless and frivolous landowner's son, a slacker urchin, almost a match for Fonvizin's Mitrofan, dreaming of an easy life full of all sorts of pleasures as a metropolitan guards officer. All these traits of his character clearly appear in the episode of the meeting in Simbirsk with the hussar officer Zurin and in his treatment, in connection with this, with Savelich, who was devoted to him not out of fear, but out of conscience. Imitating adults, he rudely and unfairly places a serf servant, a slave, in his “appropriate” place, as it seems to him. “I am your master, and you are my servant... I advise you not to be smart and do what you are ordered,” he tells Savelich. But this same episode also reveals the good sides of the young Grinev’s nature. He shouts at Savelich and at the same time realizes that he is wrong all around and he deeply “feels sorry for the poor old man.” After some time, he asks him for forgiveness.

In Petrush Grinev it was as if the kind, loving heart of his mother had been combined with great inner honesty, directness, courage - qualities that we had already seen in his father and which the latter had further strengthened in him with his firm farewell instructions: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not dissuade yourself from serving; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” Petrusha’s inherent kindness was manifested both in the generous gift of a hare’s sheepskin coat to the counselor - an incident that unexpectedly played such a decisive role in his entire future fate - and in acute pity for the unfortunate Bashkir, brutally mutilated by the tsarist “justice”. His kindness showed itself in many other ways; for example, in how he rushed to the rescue of the captured Savelich. The depth of Petrusha Grinev’s nature was reflected in the great and pure feeling that arose in him completely for Masha Mironova - a feeling for which he was ready to go to any danger, to any sacrifice.

To everyone By his behavior in the Belogorsk fortress and later, Pyotr Andreevich proved his loyalty to his father’s behests, did not change what he considered his duty and his honor, no matter how the very concept of honor and duty was defined and limited by his class and noble prejudices. The good traits and inclinations inherent in the nature of Peter-1NI Grinev were strengthened, tempered and finally triumphed under the influence of that harsh school of life, which his father gave away, sending him instead of Petersburg and the guard to the remote steppe outskirts. Here, under the influence of great historical events, a grandiose peasant uprising, a “strong and good shock” was communicated to his soul. These same events, of which he became a participant, did not allow him, in his own words, after experiencing great personal grief - his father’s refusal to give permission to marry Masha Mironova - to lose heart and despair.

Due to their noble concepts, Pyotr Grinev not only could not go over to the side of the peasant uprising, but also reacted sharply negatively to it and even, considering it his military duty and the fulfillment of his father’s behests, actively fought against it. But all the more remarkable is Grinev’s undoubted and great sympathy for the leader of the uprising, Pugachev, sympathy that was caused not only by gratitude for everything that he did for him, but also by direct, immediate sympathy for this strong, brave, extraordinary man from the people.

The main character of the novel A.S. Pushkin's "Captain's Daughter" - military man Pyotr Andreevich Grinev or simply Petrusha.
At first glance, this is the image of a simple man liable for military service, who came on assignment to the Belogorsk fortress to serve in turbulent times for Russia in the 18th century.
In the novel, father and son Grinev are partly compared. It seems that Andrei Grinev is a man of the old military school, he has his own worldview. His son Peter is still too young, he is just starting his career path and has no life experience. However, the author chooses as his main character a young person who has not yet been in difficult situations. It is no coincidence that, as a preface to the work, Pushkin cited the words of the famous saying: “Take care of your honor from a young age.” That is, the reader immediately understands that the hero of the story is a young, extraordinary and honest person.
Like any young man of sixteen, Petrusha Grinev at first seems extremely cheerful and carefree. His noble upbringing affects him - he is a little reminiscent of the Fonvizin runt Mitrofanushka. He shows these inclinations, for example, in the episode of his meeting with officer Zurin in Simbirsk. Or another example of the manifestation of Barchuk’s gullibility and simplicity - in the chapter “Counselor”, when he easily and cheerfully decides to give a hare sheepskin coat to the first person he meets, despite the grumbling of his valet. However, this episode can also characterize the young man as a kind and merciful person. These qualities of Peter's character in the further narration will play almost a decisive role in the formation of his image and in the development of the entire action.
The fact that Grinev is very kind and reasonable is confirmed by his trusting relationship with his servant Savelich. He realizes the devotion of the serf peasant, understands that he is wrong when he shouts at him. And, contrary to the lordly habit of relationships between master and servant, he asks Savelich for forgiveness.
In addition, Petrusha sacredly honors family traditions, honors his parents - he treated his father’s parting words with reverence. And in return, he sincerely wishes to serve honestly and well for the good of the Fatherland.
The image of Grinev is gradually revealed as the action of the novel develops. Having barely met Pugachev, he was the first to show his mercy in the above-mentioned episode with the hare sheepskin coat. Here, for the first time, he essentially shows independence in his judgments - he insists on his own when Savelich is distrustful of the first person he meets. The fact is that, due to his spiritual simplicity, he treats well almost all people who do good to him.
The breadth of Grinev’s open soul is especially pronounced when he meets Masha Mironova, the captain’s daughter. For her, he is ready to fight with the worst enemies, to save her from the clutches of wild animals and robbers. He does not give up his love even when the captain of the fortress does not give an unambiguous answer to the ardor of the young man’s feelings towards his daughter. In a word, having fallen in love, he behaves like a knight and a real man.
When Pushkin describes the events of the siege of the Belogorsk fortress, he emphasizes that his hero shows all the qualities that his father raised in him - fearlessness, loyalty to honor and military duty. Thus, the young man fulfills his father’s behests and his promise to preserve his honor from a young age.
Thus, resembling a short-lived hulk at the beginning of the novel, and at the climax of the action turning into a fair and honest young man, Peter becomes an exemplary highly moral hero of a realistic novel.
Thus, Pushkin puts forward the idea that the seemingly exaggeratedly ideal images of Peter, Masha, the commandant of the fortress, in fact are such; there were quite a lot of people like them in Russian history.
However, Petr Grinev cannot be ideal for everyone. According to the code of loyalty to his noble family, he cannot support the Pugachev uprising, although he was sympathetic to its ideologist, Emelyan Pugachev. He accepts that changes are necessary in the life of the country, but due to circumstances he acts as his military oath dictates.
The clear division of the heroes into positive and negative in the story is also a characteristic Pushkin feature: this is how their comparative characteristics are left. When one character sets off another, it is easier to understand the meaning of the author’s idea and get a real idea of ​​the era being described.
The novel's historicism is another feature that distinguishes it from similar works of that time. It is no coincidence that Pushkin actively studied historical documents in the archives. Their materials are the basis of the work. The author presented to the reader one of the episodes in Russian history in artistic form.

He conducts the story on behalf of Grinev, hiding behind him and maintaining a simple, artless tone and language from beginning to end. Grinev is not a “hero” in the classical sense of the word, but he is far from mediocre. This is one of those many officers who came from a simple noble family, on whose valor and honesty the glory of the Russian army was created. He received a home education, which was usually received in that era by the children of noble landowners; in early childhood he was entirely in the care of the serf Savelich, who was granted him the title of uncle “for his sober behavior.” Savelich taught him Russian literacy. When the boy grew up, his father hired a French teacher, sending him out of Moscow, “along with a year’s supply of wine and Provençal oil.” This everyday detail alone takes us into the atmosphere of a wealthy but simple landowner family of Catherine’s era. According to the contract, Monsieur Beaupré was supposed to teach Petrusha “French, German and all sciences,” which he was completely incapable of, because “in his fatherland he was a hairdresser, then a soldier in Prussia, then he came to Russia “pour être outchitel” [to be a teacher], without really understanding the meaning of this word. Beaupre turned out to be a “kind fellow”, but not of particularly high morality, for which he was soon dismissed from his post. The fashion of that era - entrusting the upbringing of children to foreigners, without understanding their pedagogical and moral qualities, was ridiculed and denounced in their works by Novikov, Fonvizin, Griboyedov. Grinev himself says that he “lived as a teenager” until he was sixteen years old. But it is clear that by nature he was not stupid and gifted with extraordinary abilities, because in the Belogorsk fortress, having no other entertainment, he took up reading, practicing French translations, and sometimes writing poetry. “The desire for literature awakened in me,” he writes. – Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov several years later highly praised his literary experiments.

Here's everything we know about the education of Pyotr Andreevich Grinev; Now let's talk about his upbringing. The concepts of upbringing and education are often combined into one whole, whereas, in essence, these are two different areas, and sometimes the question even arises: what is more important for a person - education or upbringing? In this case, it was the upbringing given to Grinev by his parents, instilled in him from childhood with words, instructions, and most importantly by example, that made him a man, created strong foundations that showed him the straight and correct path in life. What example did he see in his parents’ house? We can judge this by individual words scattered throughout the story. We learn that Grinev’s parents were honest, deeply decent people: his father, adhering to strict rules himself, did not allow drunken and frivolous behavior in his house, among his servants and subordinates. The best evidence of his principles is the instructions he gives to his son: “serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not dissuade yourself from serving; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.”

A. S. Pushkin. Captain's daughter. Audiobook

The main thing in these instructions is loyalty to the oath. We see the importance Grinev the father attached to her by his terrible grief when he learned about the accusation of treason against the empress and participation in Pugachev’s rebellion being brought against his son. It is not the exile of his son to Siberia for eternal settlement, with which the empress, “out of respect for the merits of his father,” replaced the execution that threatened him, plunges the old man into despair, but the fact that his son is a traitor. “My son participated in Pugachev’s plans! Good God, what have I lived to see!” he exclaims: “The Empress is saving him from execution! Does this make it any easier for me? It is not the execution that is terrible: my ancestor died on the execution site, defending what considered it a shrine of my conscience "... "But a nobleman should betray his oath" ... "Shame and disgrace to our family!" – In fact, Pyotr Andreevich Grinev, as we know, never betrayed his oath; his father’s instructions given to him before leaving apparently sank deeply into his soul; in all the difficult and dangerous moments of his life, he never betrayed the requirements of duty and honor.

Over the short period of time described in the story (about two years), we see how a boy who “lived as a teenager,” chasing pigeons, making a paper kite from a geographical map, under the influence of extraordinary events and strong experiences, turns into an adult, decent and honest . At the beginning of the story, his behavior is still purely boyish: playing billiards with Zurin, innocent lies to the general when explaining the expression “hedgehog gloves,” etc.; but love for Marya Ivanovna, and most importantly the terrible incidents of the Pugachev rebellion, contribute to the fact that he quickly matures. He tells everything that happened to him completely sincerely; does not hide the fact that sometimes he did stupid things - but his personality appears all the more clearly before us.

Grinev is not stupid and very likeable. The main traits of his character: simplicity (he never shows off), directness and innate nobility in all actions; when Pugachev, due to Savelich’s intervention, pardoned him when he was on the verge of death, he can not kiss the hand of the robber who pardoned him: “I would prefer the most severe execution to such humiliation.” Kissing the hand of Pugachev, who gave him life, would not have been a betrayal of the oath, but it was contrary to his innate sense of nobility. At the same time, the feeling of gratitude to Pugachev, who saved his life and saved Marya Ivanovna from Shvabrin, never leaves him.

With great masculinity in all of Grinev’s actions, his relationships with people show warmth and kindness. In difficult moments of his life, his soul turns to God: he prays, preparing for death, in front of the gallows, “bringing to God sincere repentance for all sins, and begging Him for the salvation of all loved ones.” At the end of the story, when he, innocent of anything, unexpectedly ended up in prison, chained, he “resorted to the consolation of all those who mourned and, having for the first time tasted the sweetness of prayer poured out from a pure but torn heart, calmly fell asleep,” not caring that will be with him.