Common Finnish names. Finnish names are a holiday for everyone! Finnish male names starting with E

In the old days, names were taken from the surrounding world. This is how, for example, Ilma appeared ( ilma- air), Kuura ( kuura- frost) and Villa ( vilja- grain). However, in Finland both international names and their diminutive forms are used: Aleksanteri and Santeri, Anna and Anu.

Finnish scientist and collector of Kalevala Elias Lönnrot sometimes signed himself “Ilya” in letters to Russian colleagues. This is understandable: Finnish names are unfamiliar to the ears and eyes of the foreign-language public. These names contain the mentality of the people and the peculiarities of their history.

The parents of a Finnish baby have a rather large choice of names - they have before them all the wealth of the name day calendar and the dictionary. Photo: Riitta Supperi/Team Finland

According to law and tradition

Naming is regulated by law in Finland. It states that a newborn child can be given no less than one and no more than three names. A first name cannot be an offensive word; the law prohibits giving a surname as a first name and does not allow boys to be given a female name and vice versa. Brothers and sisters must have different first names.

Many names that were originally a diminutive form of a name, such as Santeri from the name Aleksanteri, are now perceived as completely independent and included in name day calendars. You can name the baby with some sweet-sounding word, for example, Suvi - summer.

There are also unwritten laws. In spoken language, the given name usually precedes the surname. The longest of the names is put at the end: the girl is more likely to be called Aino Annikki than Annikki Aino. Although there are exceptions: the great Finn Mannerheim was called Carl Gustav Emil. However, he did not like the name Emil and did not use it.

Like others and a little differently

In the old days, the Finns acted exactly like the inhabitants of other lands: they found names for children in the surrounding world. When Falcons and Peas cried in Russian cradles, Ilma, that is, air, Villa, grain, and so on, rocked in Finnish cradles. With the spread of Christianity in Finland, names began to be taken from the Bible and the church calendar. Marias, Annas, Johannes, and Michaelas ran around the Finnish courtyards.

The Finnish language trimmed foreign words in its own way: Anna was called Anu or Anneli, Maria - Maya, Johannes - Jussi. Other names are unrecognizable: the foreign Stefan became Tapani in Finland, Benedict became Pentti, Ekaterina became Kaisa.

A non-local cannot figure it out: Hannu, it turns out, is a male name, although Hanni is a female name. Finn knows: Hannu is a derivative of Johannes. And Hanny is the same Hanna.

The rise of all things Finnish

In the middle of the last century, the doctor and linguist Elias Lönnrot published “Kalevala”, and the Finns touched their own roots. In the wake of national revival, everything Finnish came into fashion, and so did names. By that time, the golden age of Finnish literature had also occurred.

Therefore, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the most popular Finnish names became Aino, Seppo, Ilmari, Tellervo, Väino from “Kalevala”, Kimmo from the poem by Eino Leino, Kari and Jorma from the book of Juhani Aho, the ancient Vilja, Kauko, Voitto, as a translation of the Latin name Victor - both mean winner.

And even those who bore Swedish names began to change them to Finnish ones: the artist Axel Valdemar Gallen became Akseli Gallen-Kallela, the writer Johannes Brufelt became Juhani Aho. The first Jorma in Finland was the son of Gallen-Kallela: he was born a year after the publication of Aho's novel.

Everyone has a holiday

In the excitement of creating their own names, the Finns again turned to their beloved nature. The girls Tuuli - the wind and Orvokki - the violet and the boys of Vesa appeared, that is, the young shoot and Touko - May, or the time of field work. The Finns also translated the Christian triad Faith, Hope, Love and received Usko, Toivo, Lempi, and Toivo and Usko are male names, and Lempi is the oldest Finnish female name.

Today, the parents of a Finnish baby have a much wider choice than Russian mothers and fathers - they have before them the whole wealth of the calendar and vocabulary. The classics are still in the lead: according to the Population Registration Center, for example, in 2014 the first three places among boys were taken by the names Juhani, Johannes, Mikael, and among girls - Maria, Sofia, Emilia. But in absolute numbers there are much fewer of them than before, but it is not uncommon to meet Satu - a fairy tale, Yalo - precious, Oiva - excellent, and so on. A husband is happiness or a wife is a gift - for Finns this is commonplace: more than 28 thousand men in Finland were given the name Onni, almost 13,000 women - Lahja.

Newly formed names were included - and continue to be included once every five years - in name day calendars. And this is the truly Finnish idea of ​​justice: everyone should have a holiday.

Text: Olga Derkach and Vladislav Bykov, February 2014; updated August 2015

Every year, approximately 14 million calendars and diaries are printed in Finland, in which they must indicate on what day the name day is celebrated.

Celebrating a birthday is just a reminder of how fleeting time is, and the name day is revered here as a celebration of individuality. Read about the rules for assigning Finnish names, their history and pronunciation difficulties in our material.

Don't name more than three

Until recently, Finnish laws allowed a newborn citizen to be given no more than three names. But already in 2019, the right to give a child four names will be given.

There is a simple explanation for the fact that a Finn can have several names. As soon as Christianity became the main religion of the country, children with pagan names were refused to be baptized. Here Latin, Greek and even Hebrew names came into play. And when the number of namesakes increased enormously, it was decided to give the child a second and even a third name, so that he could easily be called in the company of friends.

Wherein names should not be repeated among brothers and sisters. Availability of pronunciation in the Finnish manner is also desirable (if the name is borrowed or simplified).

It is forbidden to give boys girl names and call girls men's names. Absolutely exactly the name cannot contain a swear word, and also repeat the surname. It is also important that names cannot be declined!

The legacy of Kalevala

The Finns have always worshiped the forces of nature, giving their names to their children. The child's name could be Day (Päivä), Flower (Kukka), Snow (Lumi). Sometimes the name characterized the behavior of a person - Noble (Jalo), Merciful (Armo) or Quiet (Hilja). Sometimes it showed bright feelings, for example, Love (Lempi) and Tenderness (Hellä). There were times when it was believed that if you named a child a strange, even scary name, it would magically ward off trouble from its bearer.

But closer to the present day, children began to be given the names of mythical heroes, close relatives or famous people. This has become commonplace since the Finno-Ugric epic Kalevala was first published in 1835. And to this day, Aino, Tellervo and Sappo (those were the names of the heroes of the epic), as if straight from the pages of a story, walk among ordinary Finnish citizens.

Russian-Swedish trace

When Finland was dependent first on Sweden, then on Russia, borrowing names could not be avoided. But the catch is that often even the foreign name was transformed into Finnish pronunciation, and now it is difficult to recognize him. Here are some interesting specimens: Hannu (Johannes), Eetu (Edvard), Antero (Andrew), Raakel (Rachel), Perttu (Bartholomew). From Russia, Tarja (Daria), Veera (Vera), Oili (Olga), Petteri (Peter), Senja (Ksenia) entered the documents of the Finns.

The current generation of parents like to shorten names or give them diminutive meanings. Very serious citizens will name the child with a native Finnish, pagan name. But still, classic names remain popular.

Hit parade of the most popular Finnish names

Men's: Juhani, Olavi, Antero, Kalevi, Tapio, Matti, Ilmari.

Women's: Maria, Helena, Liisa, Annikki, Venla, Emilia, Kaarina.

Familyless, but not rootless

The suffix -nen- in Finnish means diminution, but in a surname it indicates belonging to any clan. This spelling feature is found in a third of Finnish residents. The most popular surnames are Virtanen ("little stream") and Korhonen ("deaf man"). They spend an eternity fighting among themselves for first places, lagging behind each other only by tens of people among thousands.

Surnames with the suffix -la- and -la- are tied to a place or associated with a profession (Seppälä - “blacksmith”). In other cases, another connection with nature appears (Kivi - “stone”, Valo - “light”, Susi - “wolf”).

Often wives have double surnames so as not to forget their family and to accept their husband’s family.

By the way

The law that every Finn must have a surname was passed only in 1920!

Finns are extremely surprised by the presence of patronymic names in Russian names. Although, when choosing a name for their child, they themselves do not forget about their relatives. Therefore, the first-born is often named after the paternal grandmother or grandfather, the second child after the maternal grandmother or grandfather, and the third after one of the parents.

Name day of the heart

Returning to the names, it is worth mentioning their significance for the Finns. Name days are celebrated on par with birthdays, and sometimes even more magnificently. Therefore, the University of Helsinki publishes a special almanac with a calendar so that everyone can celebrate their name day.

Once every five years it is updated, new names are added to it, but not a single previous one is excluded. At the moment, the almanac contains more than eight hundred names. More than 80 percent of Finns find their name in this almanac.

By the way

A Finnish name is included in a special calendar only if it is borne by at least 500 people who were born no earlier than a certain year.

Polina Ostroverkhova

Ancient folk names.

Origin story ancient Finnish names is closely related to the Finns' subtle perception of nature. In the old days, names were formed from the names of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world - Ilma (air), Kuura (frost), Villa (grain), Suvi (summer). Until the 16th century, the Finns did not have their own written language, and the Finnish language was considered the language of the common people until the middle of the 19th century. Folk names were passed on from mouth to mouth, forgotten over time, and were replaced by new names borrowed from other peoples.

Borrowed names.

With the spread of Christianity in Finland, children began to be called by biblical names. The people adapted unusual words to their pronunciation. Thanks to this, many Finnish names with religious meaning difficult to recognize. So, Anna could be called Anu or Anneli, Maria - Maya, Johannes - Jussi. Stefan became Tapani, Benedict became Pentti, Ekaterina became Kaisa. In Eastern Finland, a small number of names borrowed from the Russian calendar have taken root - Makari (Makariy), Raisa, Taria (Daria). A meaning of Finnish names Usko, Toivo, Lempi coincide with the Russian names Vera, Nadezhda, Lyubov. Moreover, Toivo and Usko are male names, and Lempi is an old Finnish female name.

For 700 years Finland was under Swedish rule. Swedish had the status of a state language; the aristocracy and townspeople preferred to speak this language. Naturally, the Finnish name book partly consisted of Swedish names, which were readily borne by representatives of the upper strata of society - Anders, Henrik, Johannes. Such names were also adapted to the Finnish language - Nuuti (Knut), Torsti (Torsten), Maaret (Maret, Margaret).

Return of original Finnish names.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Karelian-Finnish poetic epic “Kalevala” was published, and the Finns seemed to plunge into their national origins. Originally Finnish names from the Kalevala - Aino, Sello, Ilmari, Väino - have come back into fashion. The names of literary characters have also become popular - Kimmo, Kari, Jorma, Villa. Even those people who bore Swedish names began to change them to Finnish ones.

Finnish parents, coming up with names for their newborns, like their distant ancestors, again turned to nature for help. So in Finland new ones have appeared names - Tuuli (wind), Orvokki (violet), Vesa (young shoot), Touko (May).

Finnish name days.

It is interesting that the Finnish calendar of names has little in common with the Orthodox calendar, where each name is associated with the date of memory of a specific saint. In the modern Finnish calendar there are a lot of names that did not belong to either saints or biblical characters. This is explained simply - the majority of the population of Finland professes Lutheranism, which is not distinguished by special veneration of saints. Name days here are a fun holiday, least of all associated with the name of some saint. Finns believe that everyone should have a holiday, so the list of calendar names is periodically updated with new names. There is also a separate calendar for those with Swedish names. This is a manifestation of “Finnish justice” - everyone should rejoice and have fun!

Oleg and Valentina Svetovid are mystics, specialists in esotericism and occultism, authors of 15 books.

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Finnish names

Finnish male and female names

Finland(Finnish Suomi) is a state in northern Europe. It borders with Russia, Sweden and Norway. The capital is Helsinki.

The official languages ​​are Finnish and Swedish.

The population of Finland is more than 5 million people.

The largest national minorities: Karelians, Finnish Swedes, Gypsies, Finnish Tatars, Sami.

The Finnish language (suomi) belongs to the Finno-Ugric language group, it is related to the Estonian, Karelian, Mordovian, Udmurt and Hungarian languages.

Modern Finnish name books include several groups of names:

Finnish names

Scandinavian names borrowed mainly from Swedish

Biblical names and names from the church calendar

Names derived from Finnish words

Russian names

Latin names.

Borrowed names have undergone sound transformations in the Finnish language and are now perceived as originally Finnish.

Finnish names are placed before the surname. The emphasis in names falls on the first syllable.

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Finnish names. Finnish male and female names

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Finnish names are very similar in structure to other European names and consist of a personal name and a surname. In this case, the surname officially follows the given name. In Finnish, a personal name, when used together with a surname, is not declined, but only the surname is modified. For example: Toivo Lehtinen (Toivo Lehtinen) - Toіvo Lehtiselle (Toivo Lehtinen), etc. The emphasis in people's names, as well as in the Finnish language in general, predominantly falls on the first syllable.

Below is a list of the most common Finnish girl names.

Finnish female names starting with A:

Ada is from a noble family.

Aili is a saint.

Ainikki is the only one.

Amanda is worthy of love.

Anneli is brave.

Aira - sea.

Aina (Aino) is the constant, the only one.

Alina is noble.

Allie is from a noble family.

Alma is soulful.

Annie is merciful.

The aura is fresh, dawn.

Aune is an angel.

Finnish female names starting with B:

Bertha is light.

Finnish female names starting with the letter B:

Wilhelmina is free.

Finnish female names starting with G:

Gratia - graceful.

Finnish female names starting with the letter I:

Ida is difficult.

Ilma is airy.

Ilta - evening.

Ilona is radiant.

Impi is a maiden.

Inkeri is a beautiful goddess.

Irene - bringer of peace.

Irma is everyone's favorite.

Finnish female names starting with the letter J:

Johanna is God's mercy.

Finnish female names starting with K:

Katarina (Katri, Kaya) - pure, immaculate.

Kuisma - space.

Kia is a swallow.

Finnish female names starting with L:

Layla - night.

Laina is a wave.

Laura - crowned with a laurel wreath.

Lea is an antelope.

Leena - the chosen one, the shining one.

Lenu is a resident from Magdala.

Finnish female names starting with M:

Maya is the goddess of spring.

Maria is desirable.

Maryatta is a pearl, mother of pearl.

Merya is a name from the ancient Merya tribe.

Miriam is serene.

Mina is free.

Finnish female names starting with N:

Neela is the conqueror of nations.

Finnish female names starting with O:

Olivia is an olive tree.

Finnish female names starting with P:

Paula is modest.

Finnish female names starting with the letter R:

Raya is the boss.

Ritva is a twig.

Finnish female names starting with the letter C:

Sally is good.

Saimaa - from a lake in Finland.

Satu is a fairy tale.

Sinikka is blue-eyed.

Finnish female names starting with T:

Mystery is the organizer.

Taria is a gift from God.

Theia is a gift.

Toini is the second child in the family.

Finnish female names starting with the letter X:

Helena is radiant.

Helly - hot (born in summer)

Herta is beautiful.

Helmi (Helmi) is a pearl.

Hilya (Hilma) - quiet.

Hilda is a fighter.

Finnish female names starting with U:

Unelma is a dream.

Finnish female names starting with E:

Eveliina is life force.

Eini is the only one.

Elina is glowing.

Ellie - my God is my vow.

Elma is a protector.

Elsa is my God - my wealth.

Elvi is truthful.

Emilia is determined.

Esteri (Ester) - star, asterisk

Finnish female names starting with I:

Yana - exalted.