Abstract art: definition, history, types, characteristics The section is in the process of filling and adjusting. Abstract art! Abstraction in art! Abstract painting! Abstractionism! The origins of the abstraction style

Abstract art or non-objective art is one of the many art movements that emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century. Within the framework of abstractionism, there is a refusal to depict real phenomena and objects. On the canvas we see a combination of lines, geometric shapes, textures and color spots.

It is important to understand that abstractionism did not arise out of nowhere: the rejection of the subject in painting is a natural stage in the development of art, which began in the 19th century (with the advent of photography, the need to make a detailed image disappears).

Western art, from the Renaissance to the mid-19th century, relied on the logic of perspective and was an attempt to reproduce the illusion of visible reality. By the end of the 19th century, many artists felt the need to create a new form of art that would embrace the fundamental changes taking place in society.

Wassily Kandinsky. "Improvisation 28". Canvas, oil. Solomon Guggenheim Museum, New York. 1912

The result of rapid changes in the world (including as a result of global industrialization) was the rapid departure of artists from outdated images of nude models, realistic landscapes and battle scenes. All this was supported by philosophical treatises such as Wassily Kandinsky’s “On the Spiritual in Art” (1910). Kandinsky’s worldview, laid down by him in the book “On the Spiritual in Art,” is connected with the theosophical and anthroposophical works of Helena Blavatsky and Rudolf Steiner, whose work Vasily Vasilyevich studied.

Kandinsky believed that colors evoke emotions. Red was lively and confident; green - calm, with inner strength; blue - deep and supernatural; yellow could be warm, exciting, disturbing or downright crazy; and the white one seemed silent, but full of possibilities. He also assigned instrumental tones to each color. Red sounded like a trumpet, green like a violin in middle position, blue like a flute, dark blue like a cello, yellow like a fanfare, white like a pause in a harmonious melody.

These sound analogies stemmed from Kandinsky's love of music, especially the works of the modern Viennese composer Arnold Schoenberg (1874-1951). Kandinsky's titles often refer to colors in a composition or to music, such as "Improvisation 28" and "Composition II".

Outstanding representatives of the movement were M. Larionov, P. Mondrian, V. Kandinsky, K. Malevich and many others. The first canvas painted in the new technique is a watercolor by Wassily Kandinsky (1910).

Wassily Kandinsky. "Untitled". 49x64 cm. Center Georges Pompidou, Paris. 1910

One of the goals of non-objective art can be considered to achieve harmony in the creation of certain color combinations of geometric shapes to achieve various associations in the viewer. The deviation from the exact representation in the abstraction may be minor, partial or complete. Absolute abstraction has not the slightest relation to anything recognizable. Artists strive to be objective and allow the viewer to interpret the meaning of each work in their own way. Thus, abstract art is not an exaggerated or distorted view of the world, as we see in the cubist paintings of Paul Cézanne and Pablo Picasso. Instead, form and color become the focus and subject of the piece.

All shapes and color combinations that are located within the perimeter of the image have an idea, their own expression and meaning. No matter how it may seem to the viewer, looking at a picture where there is nothing except lines and blots, everything in abstraction is subject to certain rules of expression.

Robert Delaunay. "Synchronous windows". Solomon Guggenheim Museum, New York 55x46 cm. 1912

From the turn of the century, cultural connections between artists in major European cities became extremely active as they sought to create an art form equal to the high aspirations of modernism.

A new artistic movement emerged in parallel in several countries in the early 1910s. Thus, representatives of abstractionism in Russia were Wassily Kandinsky (who worked in Germany at that time), Mikhail Larionov and Natalya Goncharova (who founded Rayonism - one of the early directions of abstractionism), Kazimir Malevich (who improved abstraction to Suprematism - complete non-objectivity). Being a symbol of the beginning of a new era, abstract art included: non-objective art, Rayonism, neoplasticism, Suprematism, Tachisme.

From 1909 to 1913, many experimental works in search of this "pure art" were created by a number of artists: Francis Picabia painted "Rubber" (1909), "Spring" (1912), "Procession, Seville" (1912), Wassily Kandinsky painted " Untitled" (1913), Frantisek Kupka wrote the works "Orphist", "Newton's Disk" (1912), "Amorpha" (1912), Robert Delaunay wrote the series "Windows" and "Forms" (1912-13), Leopold Survage created "Color Rhythm" (1913), Piet Mondrian writes "Composition No. 11" (1913).

Piet Mondrian. "Composition No. 11". 1913

Although we tend to associate abstract art with painting and sculpture, it can be applied to any visual medium, including assemblage and photography. However, it is the artists who receive the most attention in this movement.

The attitude towards abstract art was not always clear - for a long time it was in the underground, as is usually the case, the new genre was ridiculed and condemned as art that had no meaning. Over time, the situation has changed - in the 21st century, abstraction is perceived on an equal basis with other forms of painting.

Types of abstract art

For simplicity, we can divide abstract art into six main types. Some of these types are less abstract than others, but they all involve separating art from reality.

Curvilinear abstract art

This type of curvilinear abstraction is closely associated with Celtic art, which used a range of abstract motifs including knots (eight main types), alternating patterns, and spirals (including the triskele or triskelion). These motifs were not original to the Celts - many other early cultures used these Celtic designs over the centuries: for example, the spiral grave engravings from the Neolithic Newgrange in Co Meath, created 2000 years before the Celts. However, it can be said that the Celts breathed new life into these models, making them much more complex and intricate. These designs later reappeared as decorative elements in early manuscripts (c. 600-1000 AD). They later returned during the Celtic Revival movement of the 19th century and the influential Art Nouveau movement of the 20th century: especially in book covers, textiles, wallpaper and chintz designs, in the works of authors such as William Morris (1834-1896) and Arthur McMurdo (1851-1942). Curvilinear abstraction is also exemplified by the "infinite structure", a widespread feature of Islamic art.

Color or light abstract art

This type is exemplified in the works of Turner and Monet, which use color (or light) in such a way as to separate the work of art from reality, as the object dissolves into a swirl of pigment. Two instances of expressive abstraction in Turner's style have already been mentioned, to which we can add his Interior at Petworth (1837, Tate Collection). Other examples include the final sequence of Monet's paintings The Water Lily (1840–1926), The Talisman (1888, Musee d'Orsay, Paris) by Paul Sérousier (1864–1927), leader of Les Nabis, and several Fauvist works by Henri Matisse (1869 -1954). Several of Kandinsky's expressionist paintings, painted during his work with Der Blue Reiter, are very close to abstraction, like “Deer in the Forest II” (1913-14, Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karsruhe) by his colleague Franz Marc (1880-1916). Czech artist Frank Kupka (1871-1957) created some of the first vibrant abstract paintings that influenced Robert Delaunay (1885-1941), who also relied on color in his Cubist-inspired style. Color-related abstraction reappeared in the late 1940s and 50s in the form of color field painting developed by Mark Rothko (1903-70) and Barnett Newman (1905-70). In the 1950s in France, a parallel type of abstract painting associated with color emerged, known as "Lyrical Abstraction".

Geometric abstraction

This type of intellectual abstract art appeared around 1908. An early rudimentary form was Cubism, specifically Analytical Cubism, which rejected linear perspective and the illusion of spatial depth in a painting to focus on its two-dimensional aspects. Geometric abstraction is also known as concrete art and non-objective art. As one would expect, it is not characterized by naturalistic images, but, as a rule, by geometric shapes such as circles, squares, triangles, rectangles and so on. In a sense, since it contains absolutely no references or connections to the natural world, it is the purest form of abstraction. We can say that concrete art is an abstraction, and veganism is vegetarianism. Geometric abstraction is represented by “Black Circle” (1913, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg), painted by Kazimir Malevich (1878-1935) (founder of Suprematism); "Broadway Boogie Woogie"(1942, MoMA, New York), Piet Mondrian (1872-1944) (founder of neoplasticism); And "Composition VIII (Cow)"(1918, MoMA, New York) by Theo Van Doesburg (1883-1931) (founder of De Stijl and Elementarism). Other examples include paintings "Dedication to the Square" Josef Albers (1888–1976) and the op art of Victor Vasarely (1906–1997).

Emotional or intuitive abstract art

This type of intuitive art includes a combination of styles whose overall theme is a naturalistic tendency. This naturalism is evident in the type of shapes and colors used. Unlike geometric abstraction, which is almost anti-natural, intuitive abstraction often describes nature, but in a less representative way. Two important sources for this type of abstract art are Organic Abstraction (also called Biomorphic Abstraction) and Surrealism. It can be argued that the most famous artist specializing in this art form was Russian-born Mark Rothko - see: Paintings of Mark Rothko (1938-1970). Other examples include Kandinsky's paintings such as Composition No. 4 (1911, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen) and Composition VII (1913, Tretyakov Gallery); "Typical Storyteller, Gabel and Nabel"(1923, private collection) by Jean Arp (1887-1966), “Woman” (1934, private collection) by Joan Miró (1893-1983), "Inscape: Psychological Morphology No. 104"(1939, private collection) Matta (1911-2002); And "Infinite Divisibility"(1942, Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo) Yves Tanguy (1900-55). In sculpture, this type of abstraction is illustrated by: “The Kiss” (1907, Kunsthalle, Hamburg) by Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957); Mother and Child (1934, Tate) by Barbara Hepworth (1903-1975); Giant Pip (1937, National Museum of Modern Art, Center Georges Pompidou), Jean Arp; "Three Constant Figures"(1953, Guggenheim Museum, Venice) by Henry Moore (1898-1986).

Gestural Abstract Art

This is a form of abstract expressionism where the process of creating a painting becomes more important than usual. Paint can be applied in unusual ways, the brushstroke is often very loose and quick. Famous American exponents of gesture painting include Jackson Pollock (1912-1956), inventor of Action-Painting, his wife Lee Krasner (1908-1984), who inspired him with her own form of drip painting; Willem de Kooning (1904-1997), known for his Woman series; and Robert Motherwell (1912-1956), known for his series "Elegy to the Spanish Republic". In Europe this is Tachisme, as well as the group Cobra, and, in particular, Karel Appel (1921-2006).

Minimalist Abstract Art

This type of abstraction was a kind of avant-garde art, stripped of all external references and associations. This is what you see - and nothing more. It often takes a geometric form, where sculptures dominate, although some great artists have also used this type. For more information on minimalist art, see "Postmodern Abstraction" below.

Origin and history

Abstract Stone Age paintings

From academic realism to abstraction

Up until the end of the 19th century, most painting and sculpture followed the traditional principles of classical realism taught in the great European academies. The basis of these principles is the first responsibility of art - to create a recognizable scene or object. No matter how strongly influenced by the demands of style or medium, a work of art had to imitate or represent external reality. However, during the last quarter of the 19th century, things began to change. Impressionist art showed that the strict academic style of naturalistic painting was no longer the only authentic way of doing things. Then, between 1900 and 1930, developments in other areas of modern art provided additional techniques (including color, the abandonment of three-dimensional perspective, and new forms) that would be used to further the search for abstraction.

Artists are starting to escape reality

Kandinsky, Expressionism and Fauvism demonstrate the power of color

The use of color and form to move the viewer was paramount in the development of abstract art. Impressionism, including variants of Neo-Impressionist Pointillism and Post-Impressionism, had already brought attention to the power of color, but German Expressionism made it the cornerstone of painting. One of the founders of the movement, Wassily Kandinsky (1866–1944), published the book “On the Spiritual in Art” (1911), which became the basis for abstract painting.

Kandinsky was convinced by the emotional properties of form, line and, above all, color in painting. (He had an abnormal sensitivity to color, a condition called synesthesia.) He believed that the painting should not be analyzed intellectually, but should be allowed to reach the part of the brain associated with music.

However, he warned that serious art should not be driven by the desire for abstraction to become mere decoration. Most of the German Expressionists (e.g. Ernst Kirchner, Karl Schmidt-Rottlaff, Max Ernst, Alexei Jawlensky, Oskar Kokoschka, Franz Marc, August Macke and Max Beckmann) were not abstract artists, but their vibrant palette - along with Kandinsky's theoretical writings - alerted others more abstractionist artists embrace the power of color as a means to achieve their goals.

The parallel Parisian avant-garde style, Fauvism (1905-08), only emphasized the effect of color in the works of Henri Matisse, such as Red Studio (1911, MoMA, NY).

Cubism rejects perspective and pictorial depth

Cubism (1908-14) was a reaction against the decorative appeal of Impressionism. Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963) developed this new style in stages: first, the Cubism of the prototype (see Picasso's semi-abstract Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907, MoMA, NY); then Analytical Cubism (see "Nude Staircase No. 2", 1912, Philadelphia Museum of Art) Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968); then Synthetic Cubism, which was more collage oriented. Their main concept was to move away from the beautiful but trivial art of impressionism, towards a more intellectual art form that explored new methods of depicting reality.

In particular, they rejected the academic method of representing reality by using linear perspective (depth) to create the usual three-dimensional effect in painting. Instead, they kept everything on a two-dimensional flat plane on which they laid out different "views" of the same object: a process similar to photographing an object from different angles, then cutting up the photos and pasting them onto a flat surface. This method of using a flat surface to depict a 3-dimensional reality shook art to its core. Although most Cubist works were still derived from objects or scenes in the real world and thus could not be considered completely abstract, the movement's rejection of the traditional point of view completely undermined natural realism in art and thus opened the door to pure abstraction.

Cubist-inspired abstract sculptors: Constantin Brancusi (1876-1957), who was also influenced by African and Oriental art; Raymond Duchamp-Villon (1876-1918), used Cubist devices to represent movement; Jacques Lipchitz (1891-1973).

For an early 20th century abstract painting style that attempted to blend Cubist composition with color and music, see: Orphism. A British pre-war art movement heavily influenced by the Cubist idiom was Vorticism (1913-14), founded by Percy Wyndham Lewis (1882-1957).

Note: For avant-garde abstraction in Britain (c.1939-75) see St. Ives School.

Abstract expressionism - more color, more geometry

Other subgroups: "New Forces" and "Art Non Figuratif".

Op-Art: new geometric abstraction

One of the most distinct styles of geometric abstract painting to emerge during the modernist era was the "Op Art" movement (short for "optical art"), the hallmark of which was to attract the eye through complex, often monochromatic, geometric patterns to make them see colors and forms that actually did not exist. Leading participants included the Hungarian artist and graphic designer Victor Vasarely (1908-1997) and the English Bridget Riley artist Richard Serra (b.1939), whose abstract works include "Tilted arc"(1981, Federal Plaza, New York) and A Matter of Time (2004, Guggenheim, Bilbao). Notable abstract artists associated with Minimalism include Ad Reinhardt (1913-1967), Frank Stella (b.1936), whose large-scale paintings include interlocking clusters of form and color; Sean Scully (b.1945) Irish-American artist whose rectangular forms of color seem to imitate the monumental forms of prehistoric structures; as well as Joe Baer (b.1929), Ellsworth Kelly (b.1923), Robert Mangold (b.1937), Brice Marden (b.1938), Agnes Martin (1912-2004) and Robert Ryman (b.1930).

Partially following austere minimalism, neo-expressionism was a primarily figurative movement that emerged from the early 1980s. However, among its ranks were prominent abstract artists such as the Englishman Winner Howard Hodgkin (b. 1932), as well as the German artists Georg Baselitz

Abstractionism, which is from lat. abstractio means abstraction, removal is non-figurative, non-objective art. A unique form of visual activity that does not aim to imitate or display visually perceived reality. Abstract sculpture, painting and graphics exclude association with a recognizable object.

Time of occurrence of the first abstract painting, and the origins of abstract painting have not been established. We can only say with certainty that between 1910 and 1915. Many European artists tried non-figurative and non-figurative compositions (in sculpture, drawing and painting).

These are: M.F. Larionov, F. Kupka, R. Delaunay, P. Klee, F. Picabia, U. Bocioni, F. Mark, F. Marinetti, A. G. Yavlensky and many others.

The most famous and original are P. Mondrian, V. V. Kandinsky and K. S. Malevich.

Composition in gray, pink, P. Modrian Composition No. 217 Gray oval, V. V. Kandinsky I go into space, K. S. Malevich

Kandinsky is usually called the “inventor” of abstraction, thereby implying his watercolors of 1910–1912, as well as his theoretical works, which objectively testify to the self-sufficiency of art and pointing to his ability to create some new reality with his own means. Kandinsky, both in theory and in practice, was the more consistent and decisive of those who at that time approached the line that separates figurativeness from abstraction. The question of who was the first to cross this line remained unclear. However, it is not important, since in the first years of the twentieth century the newest art movements in Europe came close to this border, and everything demonstrated that it would be overturned.

Abstract artists

Despite prevailing beliefs, abstraction was not a stylistic category. This unique form of fine art is divided into several movements. Lyrical abstraction, geometric abstraction, analytical abstraction, gestural abstraction and more particular movements, for example, aranformel, suprematism, nuageism and so on.

Abstract Art Styles are developed from the same style-forming particles as figurative styles. This confirms the fact that monochrome painting - a canvas that is painted over with one tone - is in the same intermediate relationship to style as a fully naturalistic figurative image. Abstract painting is a special type of visual creativity, whose functions are compared to the functions of music in audio space.

The growing change in aesthetic attitudes in art begins with revolutionary reforms in science, culture and technology of the 20th century. Already in the first half of the 19th century, new trends in art began to be noticeable. During that period, in European painting one can simultaneously see a growing tendency towards conventionality (F. Goya, E. Delacroix, C. Corot) and the improvement of naturalistic technique (T. Chasserio, J.-L. David, J. Ingres). The first is especially emphasized in English painting - in R. O. Bonington, as well as W. Turner. His paintings - “The Sun Rising in the Fog...” (1806), “Musical Evening” (1829–1839) and some other works convey the most daring generalizations that border on abstraction.

Let’s focus on the form, as well as the plot, of one of his latest works - "Rain, steam, speed", depicting a steam locomotive rushing through fog and a veil of rain. This painting was painted in 1848 - the highest measure of convention in the art of the first half of the 19th century.

Starting from the middle of the 19th century, sculpture and graphics turned to what is incomprehensible to direct images. The most intensive research is being carried out on new visual means, typification methods, universal symbols, increased expression, and compressed plastic formulas. On the one hand, this is aimed at depicting the inner world of a person, his emotional psychological states, and on the other hand, at developing a vision of the objective world.

How often people who are far from art do not understand abstract painting, considering it incomprehensible scribbles and a provocation that brings discord into the minds. They mock the works of authors who do not strive to accurately depict the world around them.

What is abstract art?

Opening up new opportunities for expressing their own thoughts and feelings, they abandoned the usual techniques, ceasing to copy reality. They believed that this art accustoms a person to a philosophical way of life. Painters were looking for a new language to express the emotions that overwhelmed them, and found it in colorful spots and clean lines that affect not the mind, but the soul.

Having become a symbol of a new era, this is a direction that has abandoned forms that are as close as possible to reality. Not understandable to everyone, it gave impetus to the development of cubism and expressionism. The main characteristic of abstract art is non-objectivity, that is, there are no recognizable objects on the canvas, and viewers see something incomprehensible and not subject to logic, beyond the bounds of habitual perception.

The most famous abstract artists and their paintings are a priceless treasure for humanity. Canvases painted in this style express the harmony of shapes, lines, and color spots. Bright combinations have their own idea and meaning, despite the fact that it seems to the viewer that there is nothing in the works except fancy blots. However, in abstraction everything is subject to certain rules of expression.

"Father" of the new style

Wassily Kandinsky, a legendary figure in the art of the 20th century, is recognized as the founder of the unique style. The Russian painter with his work wanted to make the viewer feel the same as he did. This seems surprising, but an important event in the world of physics prompted the future artist to a new worldview. The discovery of the decomposition of the atom seriously influenced the development of the most famous abstract artist.

“It turns out that everything can be broken down into separate components, and this sensation resonated in me like the destruction of the whole world,” said Kandinsky, who was an outstanding singer of a time of change. Just as physics discovered the microworld, so painting penetrated the human soul.

Artist and philosopher

Gradually, the famous abstract artist in his work moves away from the detailing of his works and experiments with color. A sensitive philosopher sends light into the very depths of the human heart and creates canvases with the strongest emotional content, where his colors are compared with the notes of a beautiful melody. The first place in the author’s works is not the plot of the canvas, but feelings. Kandinsky himself considered the human soul to be a multi-stringed piano, and compared the artist to a hand that, by pressing a certain key (color combination), sets it into vibration.

A master who gives people hints to understand their creativity is looking for harmony in chaos. He paints canvases where a thin but clear thread can be traced that connects abstraction with reality. For example, in the work “Improvisation 31” (“Battleship”), you can guess the images of boats in the color spots: sailing ships on the canvas resist the elements and rolling waves. So the author tried to tell about the eternal battle of man with the outside world.

American student

Famous abstract artists of the 20th century who worked in America are students of Kandinsky. His work had a huge influence on expressive abstract art. Armenian emigrant Arshile Gorky (Vozdanik Adoyan) created in a new style. He developed a special technique: he laid out white canvases on the floor and poured paint from buckets onto them. When it froze, the master scratched lines in it, making something like bas-reliefs.

Gorka's creations are full of vibrant colors. “The Aroma of Apricots in the Fields” is a typical painting where sketches of flowers, fruits, and insects are transformed into a single composition. The viewer feels the pulsation emanating from the work, done in bright orange and rich red tones.

Rotkovich and his unusual technique

When it comes to the most famous abstract artists, one cannot fail to mention Marcus Rothkovich, a Jewish emigrant. A talented student of Gorka influenced the audience with the intensity and depth of colorful membranes: he superimposed two or three color rectangular spaces one on top of the other. And they seemed to pull the person inside so that he would experience catharsis (purification). The creator of the unusual paintings himself recommended viewing them at a distance of at least 45 centimeters. He said that his work is a journey into an unknown world, where the viewer is unlikely to choose to go on his own.

Brilliant Pollock

At the end of the 40s of the last century, one of the most famous abstract artists, Jackson Pollock, invented a new technique of spraying paint - drip, which became a real sensation. She divided the world into two camps: those who recognized the author’s paintings as genius, and those who called them daubs unworthy of being called art. The creator of unique creations never stretched the canvases onto canvas, but placed them on the wall or floor. He walked around with a jar of paints mixed with sand, gradually plunging into a trance and dancing. It seems that he accidentally spilled a multi-colored liquid, but his every movement was thought out and meaningful: the artist took into account the force of gravity and the absorption of paint by the canvas. The result was an abstract confusion consisting of blots of different sizes and lines. Pollock was dubbed "Jack the Sprinkler" for his invented style.

The most famous abstract artist gave his works not titles, but numbers, so that the viewer had freedom of imagination. "Canvas No. 5", which was in a private collection, was hidden from the public eye for a long time. A stir begins around the masterpiece, shrouded in secrecy, and it finally appears at Sotheby’s, instantly becoming the most expensive masterpiece at that time (its cost is $140 million).

Find your formula to understand abstract art

Is there a universal formula that will allow the viewer to perceive abstract art? Perhaps in this case, everyone will have to find their own guidelines, based on personal experience, internal sensations and a great desire to discover the unknown. If a person wants to discover the secret messages of the authors, he will definitely find them, because it is so tempting to look behind the outer shell and see the idea, which is an important component of abstractionism.

It is difficult to overestimate the revolution in traditional art that famous abstract artists and their paintings produced. They forced society to look at the world in a new way, to see different colors in it, to appreciate unusual forms and content.

Description of the main ideas and types of abstract painting.

Abstract art

Definition and meaning

Term "abstract art"(sometimes "non-objective", "non-representational") is a rather vague definition for any painting or sculpture depicting unrecognizable objects and scenes. However, there is no clear consensus regarding this interpretation. For example, Pablo Picasso believed that abstract painting does not exist, while some art historians believe that no painting can be more than a crude abstraction of what the artist sees. Even famous critics and scholars disagree when classifying some canvases, trying to distinguish between "expressionism" and "abstraction". The situation is complicated by the fact that there are both completely abstract painting and sculpture, and a semi-abstract style.

Types of abstract art

As mentioned above, some directional paintings are based on simple geometric shapes, but this is not all types of abstract work. Conventionally, they can be divided into six main types:

Geometric. An early form of this type was Analytical Cubism, which rejected linear perspective and the illusion of depth in a painting. Illustrated by works by Piet Mondrian, Theo van Doesburg, Kazimir Malevich and others.
Curvilinear - characteristic of Celtic and Islamic masters, as well as some early cultures. Includes a range of motifs featuring interlace, spiral and 'endless' designs.
Color and light. Well illustrated by the work of Turner and Monet, who used color (or light) to separate works of art from reality through rich colors and pigments.
Emotional/intuitive. This type embraces a mixture of styles whose overall theme is devoted to naturalistic ideas. Unlike geometric abstraction, intuitive abstraction often depicts nature, but in less representational ways. One of the most famous representatives of emotional abstraction is Mark Rothko.
Gesticulation is a form of abstract expressionism in which the process of creating a painting becomes more important than in other forms of art.
Minimalist. A kind of return to the basics and concepts of avant-garde art, devoid of all possible references and associations.

Some of these types are abstract to varying degrees, but they are all connected by the ideas of separating the object of art from reality.

It is worth noting that in parallel with the development of the geometric style, surrealism was also formed in the 1920–1930s, whose ideas echoed abstract art. Leading representatives of which were Joan Miro, Jean Arp, Salvador Dali and others.

Postmodern abstraction

Since the mid-60s art has tended to split into a number of smaller schools. Some of them were based on the philosophy of the great styles of the early 20th century, some (for example minimalism) responded to the economic and political situation in the world.

Abstract art updated: September 15, 2017 by: Gleb

Abstract art: definition, history, types, characteristics The section is in the process of filling and adjusting. Abstract art! Abstraction in art! Abstract painting! Abstractionism! The origins of the abstraction style

Tags

Definition and meaning

What is the idea behind abstract art?

Types of abstract art

Curvilinear abstract art

Color or light abstract art

Geometric abstraction

Emotional or intuitive abstract art

Gestural Abstract Art

Minimalist Abstract Art

Origin and history

Abstract Stone Age paintings

From academic realism to abstraction

Artists are starting to escape reality

Kandinsky, Expressionism and Fauvism demonstrate the power of color

Cubism rejects perspective and pictorial depth

Abstract expressionism - more color, more geometry

Op-Art: new geometric abstraction

Abstract artists

What is abstract art?

"Father" of the new style

Artist and philosopher

American student

Rotkovich and his unusual technique

Brilliant Pollock

Find your formula to understand abstract art

Abstract art

Definition and meaning

Types of abstract art

Postmodern abstraction