Characteristics of minor characters in the comedy “Minor. Characteristics of heroes

Eremeevna is a minor heroine in Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin’s play “The Minor.” She was Mitrofan's wet nurse and nanny. The author speaks of Eremeevna as a serf peasant woman, strongly devoted to her masters. Fonvizin clearly showed us that the owners did not value the good qualities of serfs, but only instilled in them slavish obedience.

Eremeevna served the Prostakovs for almost forty years. She listened to a lot of insults from her owners and was paid a small salary - she received five slaps a day and five rubles a year. Eremeevna nursed Mitrofanushka from his very birth and practically replaced his own mother. Without sparing herself, she constantly protected and protected him. When Skotinin wanted to attack the boy, she shielded him with her body and angrily shouted at Uncle Mitrofan that she was ready to give her life for the sake of Mitrofanushka, and if Skotinin did not leave him, then Eremeevna threatened to “tear off his thorns.” But the lazy Mitrofan treated his nanny not as a person, but as an “old bastard” about whom she could always complain to her mother so that she would threaten her.

Many felt sorry for poor Eremeevna, but could not help her. But she never felt sorry for herself. Eremeevna was devoted to her masters like a slave, she had no sense of her dignity, which is what the author emphasized: “I am not zealous for you, mother! You don’t know how to serve anymore... I would be glad not only... you don’t regret your stomach... but you don’t want everything.” Eremeevna was not angry and did not hate the Prostakovs, she unquestioningly carried out all their orders, not paying attention to the fact that the landowner and her son Mitrofanushka called her “a dog’s daughter”, “a beast”, “an old witch” and other nicknames that were offensive to her. However, despite all this, she was very afraid of her mistress, because it was Eremeevna who bore all responsibility for Mitrofanushka, and if something happened to him, then only she would be to blame for everything.

Once there was such a case when Eremeevna, in addition to Mitrofan, thought about herself. This happened at the moment when Milon pushed her away from Sophia, and she exclaimed: “My little head is gone!”

Thus, we can conclude that Eremeevna’s fate is quite tragic and difficult, because all her life she served her monster masters, but they never said a kind word to her, and besides this, she will never receive gratitude from them for her loyalty and affection.

Option 2

This comedy character shows the qualities that a servile life and reluctance to develop form in a person.

Eremeevna is a nanny who has been raising Mitrofanushka since infancy. She is sincerely attached to the undergrowth, despite all his ingratitude. She protects him from Skotinin with her breasts, ready to get into a fight, but not to let her over-aged pupil be offended.

Using the image of Eremeevna, the author shows how people's good feelings turn into their opposite. Her love for her pupil, a natural affection caused by the fact that he grew up under her supervision, turns into overprotection. Having good feelings for Mitrofanushka, she, to the same extent as his parents, pampers her pupil, contributing to his transformation into a useless member of society to himself and those around him.

Eremeevna continues to consider Mitrofan, already an adult according to the concepts of that time, a child. This reflects her natural kindness and conservatism. The nurse, just like her pupil, does not want to study in the broad sense of the word. Eremeevna is much more comfortable living in a world that does not change, since in this case there is no need to make efforts, at least to comprehend the current situation. The nanny turns out to be not only the protector of the undergrowth, but also, to some extent, his spiritual twin.

The wet nurse's tolerance of beatings and humiliation is also caused, to a large extent, by her unwillingness to do anything to change her situation. Eremeevna’s personal efforts cause much more stress than the usual everyday humiliation.

Eremeevna continues to faithfully serve the family and her masters, despite the rudeness and beatings to which she is constantly subjected. Fonvizin emphasizes this in the scenes where the heroine appears. He, like many advanced Russian people, was outraged by the slavish obedience of representatives of the Russian people. Its reason was the limitations of Eremeevna, who spent her entire life in the role of a servant, with nothing to compare with.

The nurse's servility is combined with her diligence and conscientiousness. One with the other is inextricably intertwined. Fonvizin seeks to show how dangerous such boundless devotion and conscientiousness are. Eremeevna finds herself involved in the dark affairs of her masters. She helps kidnap Sophia. Moreover, Eremeevna does this simply following the habit of obeying everything that the owners order.

In this case, Eremeevna personifies the worst qualities that a number of writers and publicists saw in the Russian people - boundless patience and willingness to obey the most cruel rulers. Fulfilling their every whim, people with a slavish essence further corrupt their masters.

A supporter of enlightenment, knowledge and improvement of the world, the author of the work sharply condemned laziness, regardless of whether it was caused by a rich and idle life or simply by habit and way of life. In the spiritual servility shown by him in the image of Eremeevna, the writer saw fertile ground for the development of vices that destroy both society as a whole and the lives of individual people.

Essay about Eremeevna

Fonvizin Denis Ivanovich ridiculed the characteristics of the nobility in his work “The Minor.” With his eternal servants who worked for nothing without bending their humps. He didn’t like that this fictional intelligentsia was robbing people and living happily ever after. Therefore, he created characters that were as similar as possible to the era of that time. Through rather weak images of people, he deduced his own harmony of hatred of landowners.

Eremeevna, an old woman of unknown years, was the nurse and nanny of the fifteen-year-old Mitrofanushka. Despite the fact that he was already at a decent age, they coddled him like a little baby who always needed to be indulged.

The nanny constantly runs after her “master” and follows all his instructions, as if she were his personal slave. She is unrequitedly attached to the Skotinin family, which makes her even more pathetic.

When a situation occurs that she has to protect her owner, she rushes to the defense so that no one has the right to harm him. On the one hand, these are good maternal qualities that she could use on her children, but God only gave her the right to raise strangers. This deprives her of all adequate feelings, showing that she does not even respect her dignity.

She even decides to commit a crime and watches over Sophia at night to help her masters kidnap her. The only thing Eremeevna gets in return is beatings and poor respect. Considering that she is a minor character, she is contrasting and stands out noticeably from the others.

In order for the image to turn out to be key, Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin had to expose the vices of that society. The image really came out very alive, as evidenced by the letters of Gogol, who said that the comedy amazes with its realism and tragedy of the events that take place in the most remote corners of the country.

And in fact, all the minor characters were expressed very clearly, which enlivened the overall mood of the work. To ensure that the work was filled with the power of realism, all the topics that worried society were raised. This endowed the comedy with its indescribable spirit and bold satire.

You need to be able to be merciful and be able to maintain balance in difficult moments of life.

As was customary in classicism, the heroes of the comedy “The Minor” are clearly divided into negative and positive. However, the most memorable and striking are the negative characters, despite their despotism and ignorance: Mrs. Prostakova, her brother Taras Skotinin and Mitrofan himself. They are interesting and ambiguous. It is with them that comic situations are associated, full of humor, and bright liveliness of dialogues.

Positive characters do not evoke such vivid emotions, although they are sounding boards that reflect the author’s position. Educated, endowed with only positive traits, they are ideal - they cannot commit lawlessness, lies and cruelty are alien to them.

Let us describe each of the characters in more detail:

Pushkin highly valued the work of Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin, who wrote under Catherine II. He saw Gogol as his successor. Fonvizin's main character, the undergrown Mitrofanushka, delighted Alexander Sergeevich.

Herzen and Belinsky spoke highly of the artistic and social style of this comedian. Gogol immortalized the image of his teacher, Fonvizin (though without specifying his name), in the story “The Night Before Christmas.” Remember, when the blacksmith Vakula turned to the empress, she turned the conversation to a middle-aged man with a plump, pale face and invited him to reflect “this folk innocence” in his next essay. The man was wearing a poor caftan with mother-of-pearl buttons. This is what Fonvizin looked like.

So, a comedy created according to classical canons (Fonvizin, “The Minor”). The characterization of the heroes, however, turned out to be innovative for the 18th century. This article is dedicated to the characters of the play.

Negative images

Undoubtedly, the characterization of the heroes presented by Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin lays down the traditions of Russian national comedy. “The Minor” boldly and openly castigates the tyranny of the feudal landowners. The most negative image of comedy is Mrs. Prostakova. She rules her serfs with a firm hand, rather even cruelly. The heroine does not disdain to be ignorant and vindictive. And talking in a raised voice with the servants is a common thing for her. The landowner habitually addresses her serf Trishka: “cattle”, “thief’s mug”, “blockhead”, “swindler”. To her son’s nanny, Eremeevna, who is in this idiot, the “grateful” mother says “scumbag,” “dog’s daughter,” “beast.” And this is for the closest people, the “yard” people! Her conversation with the others is even shorter. Prostakova threatens to “flog them to death.” She is confident in herself because the laws are always on the side of the landowners.

True, this vixen has an outlet in her soul: she loves her 16-year-old son. True, this feeling is blind, for which Mrs. Prostakova paid at the end of the comedy. The author’s, “Fonvizin’s”, characterization of the heroes is truly original. “Minor” is a comedy where each hero uses his own unique vocabulary and a certain vocabulary.

Mr. Prostakov is a quiet, calm henpecked man. He submits to his wife in everything; not having his own, follows her opinion. However, he is not cruel, he loves his son. But in fact, it doesn’t affect anything in the house, including raising a child.

Fonvizin created the characterization of the heroes in an original and interesting way, respecting individual vocabulary. It is not by chance that the undergrowth wears it. After all, in Greek it sounds like “like a mother.” By the way, regarding the name of the comedy. In Rus', young nobles who did not have a written certificate of education were called ignoramuses.

Mitrofanushka avoids studying, he is rude to people who treat him kindly. Eremeevna says: “Old Khrychovka.” To teacher Tsifirkin - “garrison rat.” The catchphrase of the young dunce - that he does not want to study, but wants to get married - is undoubtedly Fonvizin’s creative find; it really has become popular. The minor is narrow-minded, rude and ignorant. His laziness is indulged by everyone in the house.

Prostakova's brother, Mr. Skotinin, is caricatured in the comedy. He treats the lower class with contempt, but for him it is a real passion and purpose in life. His entire horizons are limited to the problems of the pigsty. He never tires of talking about these animals. On top of that, he wants to marry Sophia.

Good Comedy Heroes

However, there are no less positive images in the comedy. The government official Pravdin, sent to check the Prostakova estate, is the embodiment of justice, legality and reason. He is outraged when people who “have power” over serfs use it “evilly and inhumanely.” He strives to help “worthy people” and promote proper upbringing. As a result of his inspection, Prostakova’s property is requisitioned by the state.

Starodum is also positive, having imbibed an honest attitude to service since the time of Peter I. Service in the army, and then his bureaucratic share not only brought him a fortune, but also molded him into an honest, decent person. He equally considers unacceptable both pleasing those in power and violating the human rights of the disadvantaged.

His niece Sophia is honest and educated. She has a discerning mind, so she is going to build her life in such a way as to earn the trust of “worthy people.” Sophia's fiancé, the young officer Milon, is honest, modest and open. He showed his courage in combat. The young man has a truly knightly upbringing. The war did not turn him into a martinet. He considers his love for Sophia his greatest wealth.

Among the secondary characters there are also positive ones - the decent and straightforward Tsyfirkin, a former soldier; and negative ones - the cunning and greedy Kuteikin, the seminarian - a dropout, Adam Adamovich Vralman - with a vile lackey essence, praising Mitrofan in order to earn mercy from Prostakova.

conclusions

Fonvizin was undoubtedly a wise and observant person. In the comedy they are given a devastatingly accusatory description of the heroes. “Undergrowth” makes you think about the need to stop bullying of serfs. Therefore, Fonvizin’s comedy is not abstract, not for the amusement of Catherine’s nobles and favorites, but sharply satirical, socially oriented. For the comedian himself, working on such works was thankless and required nerves. Denis Ivanovich resigned due to a serious illness - paralysis. Even Empress Catherine II, a progressive woman, did not like Fonvizin’s caustic satire and did not always meet the classic’s requests.

Eremeevna is one of the minor characters in Fonvizin’s play “The Minor.” She is Mitrofan's nanny and nurse. Using her image as an example, the author tries to show how serfdom distorted domestic servants, how it disfigured and humiliated them. Despite her inherent good human qualities, slavish humiliation takes over. Eremeevna has been serving for the Prostakov-Skotinins for more than 40 years. For this reason, she is slavishly attached to the members of this family and considers serving them her first duty. Without sparing herself, she protects Mitrofan. And when Skotinin attacks the boy, Eremeevna shields him with herself and frantically defends him.

However, this slavish devotion takes on a distorted character, which the author depicts with particular artistic force. Against the backdrop of an increased sense of duty to the Prostakov family, the nanny loses her sense of self-worth. She not only endures the boorish attitude towards herself without complaint, but also does not show any protest. And at this time, Mitrofan and Prostakova allow themselves to insult the elderly woman with such words as beast, old witch, khrychovka, and even raise their hand to her. As a result, Eremeevna’s fate is quite difficult, since she has to serve ungrateful and oppressive owners all her life.

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Speechand personalcharacteristics of heroescomedy

DI. Fonvizin "Minor"

Recently read comedy by D.I. Fonvizin’s “Minor” made me think about the question: “Is it possible to recognize a person’s character, his moral principles just by name and speech; and whether the name and the words spoken by her are connected at all in her personality.” Let's conduct research on this topic.

First of all, we note that a The second quite aptly selects the names of the main characters. It is unlikely that this fact can be attributed solely to the author’s desire to give a “challenge” V catchy and memorable names for the heroes. Rather, it should be assumed that Fonvizin is trying in this way to enhance the impression he receives from the play.A deep connoisseur of human souls, Fonvizin understands that the names of heroes are precisely what the common man most often pays attention to. Thus, being an excellent satirist, the author initially sets the reader in a comical mood.Now let's come closer to the comedy itself.

So, the names of the heroes:

Mitrofan. According to the directory of male names - name of Greek origin, translated from Latin stands for “revealed by the mother.” It should be assumed that the name can be deciphered, How "Sissy", those. Human, everything is possible warded by mother, loving and respectful her more than her father. This name couldn't be betterconveys the whole nature hero.

What about speech features, then in words Mitrofan is clearly visible exactly love for your mother.He tries in every possible way to highlight his mother inthe society in which it is located, And it doesn’t matter if the people are close he is surrounded or strangers. Undoubtedly One should also highlight such a characteristic of the hero as a complete inability for various kinds of sciences and learning in general. Maybe that’s why after the comedy was published, the name Mitrofan became a common noun, denoting people who are narrow-minded and simple in their inner world.Let's look from the text:

Mitrofan. This? Adjective.

Pravdin. Why?

Mitrofan. Because it is attached to its place. Over there by the pole closet

week the door has not been hung yet: so for now that is a noun.

Or here, again:

Mitrofan (softened up). So I felt sorry.

Mrs. Prostakova (with annoyance). Who, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.

Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here's my son, one of mine

comfort.

Sophia. Just like Mitrofan, the name has ancient Greek roots. Means "wisdom". We can also assume that the author gives this name to his heroine, in connection with the short form of the name - Sonya. The name Sonya is popularly associated with the quality of sleepiness. In the comedy, Sophia is a young girl who has not yet shown her nature, her character, who has not fully “awakened” after childhood. We don't know what it will be like in the future. Will she accept the qualities of Starodum, her uncle, or will she be the exact opposite, like Mrs. Prostakova.

Sophia's speech shows that the heroine is polite, loves and is grateful to her uncle. She never allows herself to scold a person, take offense at him or hate him. Sophia is quite sweet; her speech reveals the tenderness characteristic of every well-bred girl. Just one phrase:

« I have now received good news. Uncle, about whom so much for a long time we knew nothing, whom I love and honor as my father, I came to Moscow these days » ,

reveals to us the whole essence of this charming girl.

Milo. The name comes from Western languages. Denotes dear, beloved. It can be argued that Fonvizin gave the name to the hero not by chance, since Sophia loves Milon, hence the “beloved”. One should also not discount the possibility, although not great, that the author had some kind of association between Milo and melon (Melon (English) - melon), since his speeches are very sweet.

Based on Milo’s speech style, it is noticeable that the hero is a kind, sympathetic, brave person.

“I will tell you the secret of my heart, dear friend! I am in love and have the happiness of being loved. For more than six months I have been separated from the one who is dearer to me than anything else in the world, and what is even sadder is that I have not heard anything about her during all this time... Maybe she is now in the hands of some self-interested people who, taking advantage of her orphanhood, her, they keep her in tyranny. From this one thought I'm beside myself »

ABOUT the bottom is just a phrase, but how it reveals all Milon's feelings for Sophia.

Mrs. Prostakova and Mr. Prostakov are Mitrofan's parents. Their surname speaks of a very important quality - simplicity. As for the type of this simplicity, it is obvious that first of all one should assume spiritual simplicity. From which also follows the poor spiritual world of the heroes. Is it possible to find confirmation of these thoughts? Undoubtedly, but first let’s say a few words about Mitrofan’s mother. Prostakova comes from a family of nobles named Skotinin. Her father was ignorant, which is why she and her brother (Skotinin) are ignoramuses. Prostakova is a very wayward person, looking for benefit everywhere. Her whole essence is reflected in her last name. It can be assumed that her father or grandfather got the title of nobleman not by inheritance, but by length of service or in some other way. The validity of this assumption is confirmed by the complete lack of manners instilled in childhood; she was probably raised by people not accustomed to the nobility, who were unable to give her the proper noble education and upbringing.

Prostakova's speech is very original and interesting. She never allows herself to address her husband kindly and with respect, but she treats her son so reverently and with such love that everyone can only silently envy. She often calls the servants brutes, apparently because she herself was once Skotinina.

Mrs. Prostakova (Trishke). And you, brute, come closer. Didn't you say

I tell you, you thieving mug, to make your caftan wider. Child, first,

growing up, another, a child without a narrow caftan of delicate build.

Tell me, idiot, what is your excuse?

Prostakov is the complete opposite of his wife. Prostakov pleases his wife in everything and has no word of his own. It is very difficult to call him a person, rather an individual.

Prostakov. Yes, I thought, mother, that it seemed so to you.

Mrs. Prostakova. Are you blind yourself?

Prostakov. With your eyes, mine see nothing.

Mrs. Prostakova. This is the kind of hubby God gave me: he doesn’t understand

figure out for yourself what is wide and what is narrow.

The following characters: Starodum, Pravdin, Skotinin, Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin and Vralman have corresponding “speaking” surnames that characterize the characters even more than their speech patterns.

Starodum is Sophia's uncle. He always speaks in aphorisms. For example:

“Ranks begin, Sincerity ceases”

or

“Without a soul, the most enlightened, clever woman is a pitiful creature.”

This characterizes him as a wise man who knows life and has seen a lot in his life.

Pravdin is an official. An old friend of Starodum, maybe that’s why he’s trying to get the truth everywhere, speaks only the truthand at the same time believes that everyone also acts in the truth.

Pravdin. But those worthy people who serve the state at the court...

Skotinin. Isn't a nobleman free to beat a servant whenever he wants?

Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin, Vralman - the so-called teachers of Mitrofan. TO Uteikin is a seminarian. Teaches vocabulary ease for my son Simplicity and the kovs . Tsyfirkin is a retired sergeant.Without proper education, he teaches Mitrofan mathematics. Vralman - German, sand that they actually hire him as a teacher Mitrofanushka. In fact, it turns out that Vralman is a simple coachman, but a German for that!

Kuteikin. What a devilry! You won't achieve much in the morning. Here

every morning will flourish and perish.

Tsyfirkin. And our brother lives like this forever. Don't do things, don't run away from things.

That's the trouble for our brother, how bad the food is, like today for lunch here

there were no provisions...

At the same time, the whole trio(Kuteikin, Tsyfirkin, Vralman) She has settled quite tightly in the Prostakovs’ house, although occasionally disagreements and squabbles arise between them.

Tsyfirkin. And we will give them the honor. I'll finish the board...

Kuteikin. And I am a book of hours.

Vralman. I'm going to play pranks on my mistress.

Eremeevna - Mitrofan's nanny, a simple Russian woman, lovinghis pupillike her own son and always ready to defend him.

Mitrofan. Mommy! shield me.

Eremeevna (shielding Mitrofan, becoming furious and raising her fists). I'll die

on the spot, but I won’t give up the child. Show up, sir, just kindly show up. I

I’ll scratch out those thorns.

Total, 13 heroes, 13 different names, 13 different images. But what they all have in common is that DI. Fonvizin gave them names similar to their characters, which once again emphasizes author's skill. The names of the characters become the highlight of the work. And now we come to the conclusion that name and characterheroes in the work inalienably connected to each other.How reasonable was it (to give such names to the characters)? I think that this is the right step of the author, since I personally remembered these names, and perhaps for the rest of my life, even before finishing reading the play.