Genre originality. Workbook for preparing for the exam in literature The above scene conveys a lively conversation

It would be worth describing the office rooms through which our heroes passed, but the author has a strong shyness towards all official places. If he happened to pass through them, even in their brilliant and ennobled appearance, with varnished floors and tables, he tried to run through them as quickly as possible, humbly lowering his eyes to the ground, and therefore does not know at all how everything prospers and prospers there. Our heroes saw a lot of paper, both rough and white, bowed heads, wide napes, tailcoats, frock coats of provincial cut, and even just some kind of light gray jacket, separated very sharply, which, turning its head to the side and laying it almost on the very paper, she was briskly and sloppily writing out some kind of protocol about the acquisition of land or the inventory of an estate seized by some peaceful landowner, who was quietly living out his life under court, who had amassed children and grandchildren under his protection, and short expressions were heard in fits and starts, uttered in a hoarse voice: “ Lend me, Fedosei Fedoseevich, business for No. 368!” - “You always drag the stopper from the government inkwell somewhere!” Sometimes a more majestic voice, no doubt one of the bosses, would be heard imperatively: “Here, rewrite it!” Otherwise they’ll take off your boots and you’ll sit with me for six days without eating.” The noise from the feathers was great and sounded as if several carts with brushwood were passing through a forest littered with a quarter of an arshin of withered leaves.

Chichikov and Manilov approached the first table, where two young officials were sitting, and asked:

Let me know where things are going with the fortresses?

What do you need? - both officials said, turning around.

And I need to submit a request.

What did you buy?

I would like to know first where the fortress table is, here or in another place?

Yes, tell us first what you bought and at what price, then we’ll tell you where, otherwise it’s impossible to know.

Chichikov immediately saw that the officials were simply curious, like all young officials, and wanted to give more weight and meaning to themselves and their activities.

Listen, my dears,” he said, “I know very well that all the work on the fortresses, no matter the price, is in one place, and therefore I ask you to show us the table, and if you don’t know what’s going on with you , so we will ask others.

The officials did not answer this; one of them only pointed his finger at the corner of the room, where an old man was sitting at a table, marking up some papers. Chichikov and Manilov walked between the tables straight towards him. The old man was studying very carefully. “Let me ask,” said Chichikov with a bow, “is there business here regarding the fortresses?”
The old man raised his eyes and said deliberately:
- There is no work on fortresses here.
- Where is it?
- This is on a fortress expedition.
-Where is the serf expedition?
- This is from Ivan Antonovich.
- Where is Ivan Antonovich?
The old man pointed his finger to the other corner of the room. Chichikov and Manilov went to Ivan Antonovich. Ivan Antonovich had already turned one eye back and looked sideways at them, but at that very moment he plunged even more attentively into the writing.
“Let me ask,” said Chichikov with a bow, “is there a serf table here?”
Ivan Antonovich seemed not to have heard and plunged completely into the papers, not answering anything. It was suddenly clear that he was already a man of reasonable years, not like a young talker and helipad. Ivan Antonovich seemed to be well over forty years old; His hair was black and thick; the whole middle of his face protruded forward and went into his nose - in a word, it was the face that in the hostel is called a jug's snout.
- Let me ask, is there a serf expedition here? - said Chichikov.
“Here,” said Ivan Antonovich, turned his jug snout and began to write again.
- And here’s my business: I bought peasants from various owners of the local district for withdrawal: I have a deed of sale, all that remains is to complete it.
- Are there any sellers?
- Some are here, and others have a power of attorney.
- Did you bring the request?
- I brought a request. I would like... I need to hurry... so is it possible, for example, to finish the matter today!
- Yes today! Today it’s impossible,” said Ivan Antonovich. - We need to make more inquiries to see if there are any other prohibitions.
- However, as far as speeding things up, Ivan Grigorievich, the chairman, is a great friend of mine...
- But Ivan Grigorievich is not alone; There are others,” said Ivan Antonovich sternly.
Chichikov understood the twist that Ivan Antonovich had made and said:
- Others won’t be offended either, I served myself, I know the matter...
“Go to Ivan Grigorievich,” said Ivan Antonovich in a somewhat gentler voice, “let him give the order to whomever he should, but the matter will not be left to us.”
Chichikov, taking a piece of paper out of his pocket, placed it in front of Ivan Antonovich, which he did not notice at all and immediately covered it with a book. Chichikov wanted to show it to him, but Ivan Antonovich with a movement of his head made it clear that there was no need to show it.
- Here he will lead you into the presence! - said Ivan Antonovich, nodding his head, and one of the priests who were right there, who made sacrifices to Themis with such zeal that both sleeves burst at the elbows and the lining had long been peeling off from there, for which he received a collegiate registrar at one time, served our friends, as Virgil once served Dante, and led them into the presence room, where there were only wide armchairs and in them in front of the table, behind a mirror and two thick books, sat the chairman alone, like the sun. In this place, the new Virgil felt such awe that he did not dare to put his foot there and turned back, showing his back, wiped like a matting, with a chicken feather stuck somewhere. Entering the presence hall, they saw that the chairman was not alone; Sobakevich was sitting next to him, completely obscured by the mirror. The arrival of the guests caused an exclamation, and the government chairs were pushed back noisily. Sobakevich also stood up from his chair and became visible from all sides with his long sleeves. The chairman took Chichikov into his arms, and the room was filled with kisses; asked each other about health; It turned out that both of them had lower back pain, which was immediately attributed to sedentary life.

N.V. Gogol, “Dead Souls”.

Home > Program

1. Entrance test programs for applicants for bachelor's (specialist) programs at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "PSU" in 2012.

Program of entrance examinations in the Russian language.

Entrance tests in the Russian language for applicants to PSUTU are carried out in test form. The applicant is offered a test, for which it is necessary to know general information about the Russian language, definitions of the main language units and categories being studied, spelling and punctuation rules. At the entrance exam, a test with similar tasks will be offered: - Insert the desired letter into the word contact...fell asleep a) – o b) – a - What is the suffix in the word banner in the genitive case? a) – en- b) – in- c) – yan- - A participial phrase is a) a participle with qualifying words b) a participle with dependent words c) two participles - Find a one-part sentence a) An elegant sea terminal. b) A large city grew up near the bay. c) Factories were built. d) A museum has been organized. - Find a complex sentence a) The snowfall stopped suddenly, as if some kind of heavenly hatch had slammed shut. b) The wind blew from the river, tore off the young snow from the bridge and drove it towards the walls of the monastery. c) The moon either ran behind the clouds or jumped out from behind them onto the transparent surface of the sky. - Determine the type of offer: They were ordered to lie in bed. a) definite-personal b) impersonal c) indefinite-personal d) nominative - In which sentence are punctuation marks placed correctly a) I approached the stop where there was no one, because the bus had just left. b) I approached the stop, where there was no one because the bus had just left. c) I went to a stop where there was no one because the bus had just left.

Sections of the Russian language, knowledge of which is necessary

to prepare for the entrance exam

Phonetics

Speech sounds: vowels and consonants.

Vowels are stressed and unstressed.

Consonants are soft and hard; voiced and voiceless.

Lexicology and phraseology

Characteristics of Russian vocabulary (from the point of view of origin, use, active and passive stock, stylistic coloring).

Synonyms. Antonyms. Homonyms. Paronyms.

Borrowings in the Russian language.

Phraseologisms, their differences in grammatical structure. Syntactic role of phraseological units.

Word formation

Morphemic composition of the word: stem and ending; parts of the base (root, prefix, suffix).

Variants of morphemes. Alternation of vowels and consonants in morphemes.

Ways to form words.

Difficult words. Compound words.

Morphology

Parts of speech in Russian. Independent and auxiliary parts of speech.

Interjection.

Noun: meaning, constant and inconstant features, syntactic role. Nouns, animate and inanimate, proper and common nouns. Genus. Types of declension. Number. Case.

Methods of forming nouns.

Adjective: meaning, constant and inconstant features, syntactic role. Places of numerals by meaning.

Full and short forms of qualitative adjectives. Degrees of comparison of qualitative adjectives. Declension of adjectives.

Methods of forming adjectives.

Numeral: meaning, constant and inconstant features, syntactic role.

Numerals are quantitative and ordinal. Places of cardinal numbers.

Declension of numerals.

Pronoun. The meaning of pronouns. Discharges. Declension of pronouns.

Verb: meaning. Constant and non-constant features, syntactic role. Infinitive. Types of verbs. Transitive and intransitive verbs.

Verb conjugations. Verb moods. Verb tenses. Person and number (present and future tense); gender and number (past tense).

Methods of forming verbs.

Participle.

Adverb. The meaning of adverbs and their categories. Methods of forming adverbs.

Pretext. The concept of preposition. Functions of prepositions. Classes of prepositions.

Union. The concept of union. Functions of unions. Places of conjunctions by meaning.

Particle. The concept of a particle. Functions of particles. Particle ranks by value.

Interjection. Meanings of interjections.

Syntax

Phrase. The structure of the phrase. Types of connections in phrases (coordination, control, adjacency).

Simple sentence.

Grammar basis. Types of simple sentences according to the purpose of the statement, according to intonation. One-part and two-part sentences.

Types of one-part sentences (definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal, nominal).

Members of the sentence: main and secondary members; ways of expressing sentence members. Common and non-common offers; complete and incomplete sentences.

Homogeneous members of the sentence.

Isolated members of a sentence.

Applications.

Appeals. Introductory words and introductory sentences.

Difficult sentence.

Types of complex sentences.

Union and non-union complex sentences.

Conjunctive complex sentences: compound and complex sentences.

Compound sentences with different types of coordinating conjunctions.

Complex sentences with various means of communication.

Types of complex sentences.

Non-union complex sentences.

Complex syntactic structures.

Direct and indirect speech.

Spelling and punctuation

Spelling. Spelling of vowels: a) in prefixes; b) in the roots; c) in suffixes of various parts of speech; d) at the endings of various parts of speech.

Spelling of consonants: a) in prefixes; b) in the root of the word and in the suffixes of various parts of speech.

Use of separating signs ъ and ь. Use of non-separating sign.

Use of lowercase and capital letters.

Merged, separate and hyphenated spellings in words.

Not with different parts of speech.

Punctuation.

Punctuation marks at the end of sentences. Dash between sentence parts. Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members.

Punctuation marks for addresses, introductory words and introductory sentences.

Punctuation marks in sentences with isolated members.

Punctuation marks in compound and complex sentences. Punctuation marks in complex syntactic structures.

Punctuation marks for direct speech and dialogue.

Functional styles of speech (official business, scientific, journalistic, artistic, everyday). Text. Types of speech (narration, description, reasoning).

Entrance test program in literature.

The entrance exam in literature is conducted in test form and is a test, the completion of which requires proficiency in the following types of activities: - conscious, creative reading of works of art of different genres (from a high school course on Russian literature of the 8th-20th centuries); - determining whether a literary text belongs to a particular type and genre; - analysis of the text, revealing the author’s intention and various means of its implementation, determining the motives of the heroes’ actions and the essence of the conflict; - written interpretations of a work of art; - identifying linguistic means of artistic imagery and determining their role in revealing the ideological and thematic content of the work; - independent search for an answer to a question, commenting on a literary text; - writing detailed answers based on a work of art.

Sample questions:

Read the text fragment below and complete the taskania after the text.

Ms. Prostakova (Trishka). Get out, you bastard. (Eremeevna.) Go ahead, Eremeevna, let the child have breakfast. Vit, I’m having tea, the teachers will come soon.

Eremeevna. He already, mother, deigned to eat five buns.

Mrs. Prostakova. So you feel sorry for the sixth one, you devil? What zeal! Please take a look.

Eremeevna. Cheers, mother. I said this for Mitrofan Terentyevich. I grieved until the morning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Oh, mother of God! What happened to you, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, mother. Yesterday after dinner it hit me.

Skotinin. Yes, it’s clear, brother, you had a hearty dinner.

Mitrofan. And I, uncle, almost didn’t have dinner at all.

Prostakov. I remember, my friend, you wanted to eat something.

Mitrofan. What! Three slices of corned beef, I don’t remember, five slices, I don’t remember, six.

Eremeevna. Every now and then he asked for a drink at night. He deigned to eat a whole jug of kvass.

Mitrofan. And now I’m walking around like crazy. All night such rubbish was in my eyes.

Mrs. Prostakova. What kind of rubbish, Mitrofa-nushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, either you, mother, or father.

Mrs. Prostakova. How is this possible?

Mitrofan. As soon as I start to fall asleep, I see that you, mother, deign to beat father.

Prostakov (Vside). Well, my bad! Sleep in hand!

Mitrofan (softening up). So I felt sorry.

Ms. Prostakova (with annoyance). Who, Mitrofa-nushka?

Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.

Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here, son, is my only consolation.

Skotinin. Well, Mitrofanushka, I see you are mother’s son, not father’s son!

Prostakov. At least I love him, as a parent should, he’s a smart child, he’s a sensible child, he’s funny, he’s an entertainer; sometimes I am beside myself with him and with joy I truly do not believe that he is my son.

Skotinin. Only now our funny man is standing there, frowning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Shouldn't we send for the doctor to the city?

Mitrofan. No, no, mother. I'd rather get better on my own. I’ll run to the dovecote now, maybe...

Mrs. Prostakova. So maybe God is merciful. Go and have some fun, Mitrofanushka.

Mitrofan and Eremeevna leave.

(D. I. Fonvizin “Minor”)

The answer to tasks 1-7 is a word, or a phrase, or a sequence foodiness of numbers. Write the answers in the text of the work. An answer containing a set of numbers is considered correct if all the numbers are given in the required sequence.

1. Indicate the genre to which D. I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor” belongs.

2. Name the literary movement that received
its development in literature of the 18th century, the principles of which
horns found their embodiment in the play by D. I. Fonvizin.

Answer: _____________________.

3. The above scene conveys a lively conversation between the characters. What is this form of communication between characters in a work of art called?

Answer: _______________________.

Answer: ______________________.

5. The speech of the heroes is replete with words and expressions,
violating literary norms (“such rubbish”,
“surround me”, etc.). Indicate this type of speech.

Answer: _____________________.

6. The names and surnames of the characters in this episode are
carries a certain semantic load. What do they call
Are there such names and surnames?

Answer: _____________________.

7. The above scene contains information about the first
characters, place and time of action, the circumstances are described
actions that took place before it began. Specify the stage in
development of the plot, which is characterized by the above-mentioned
signs.

Answer: _____________________.

When completing tasks 8 and 9, rely on the author’s position, revealing your own vision of the problem. Give a coherent answer to the question in 5-10 sentences. Write down your answers clearly and legibly, following the rules of speech.

8. What can you say about the education system in the Prostakov family?

9. What works of Russian writers satirically depict the morals of the nobles and what brings them closer to the play by D. I. Fonvizin?

Entrance test program in physics.

General instructions

The purpose of the entrance exam is to test the applicant’s understanding of the essence of physical phenomena, fundamental laws, as well as the ability to solve physical problems, that is, to practically apply theoretical knowledge. Entrance examinations are carried out in the form of testing.

1. Mechanics

Kinematics

Mechanical movement. Relativity of mechanical motion. Reference system. Material point. Trajectory. Path and movement. Instant speed. Uniform and straight movement. Graphs of kinematic quantities versus time for uniform motion. Addition of speeds. Acceleration. Uniformly accelerated linear motion. Graphs of the dependence of kinematic quantities on time during uniformly accelerated motion. Free fall of bodies. Acceleration of a freely falling body. The motion of a body thrown at an angle to the horizontal. Flight range and altitude. Curvilinear movement. Uniform movement in a circle. Acceleration during uniform circular motion (centripetal and tangential acceleration).

Dynamics

Interaction of bodies. Newton's first law. Inertial reference systems. Weight. Force. Newton's second law. Addition of forces. Center of gravity. Newton's third law. The principle of superposition of forces. Galileo's principle of relativity. Elastic forces. Hooke's law. Friction forces, sliding friction coefficient. Gravitational forces. The law of universal gravitation. Gravity. Body weight. Vertical movement of a body under the influence of gravity. Movement of artificial satellites. Weightlessness. First escape velocity.

Conservation laws in mechanics

Body impulse. Law of conservation of momentum. Impulse of force. Jet propulsion. Mechanical work. Power. Kinetic and potential energy. Potential energy of an elastically deformed body. Law of conservation of mechanical energy.

Rigid body statics

Addition of forces applied to a rigid body. Moment of force about the axis of rotation. Rule of moments. Conditions for body equilibrium.

Mechanics of liquids and gases

Pressure. Pascal's law for liquids and gases. The pressure of the liquid on the bottom and walls of the vessel. Communicating vessels. Hydraulic Press. Atmosphere pressure. Torricelli's experience. Change in atmospheric pressure with altitude. Archimedean force for liquids and gases. Sailing conditions tel. Dependence of fluid pressure on its flow rate.

Mechanical vibrations and waves. Sound

Harmonic vibrations. Amplitude, period, frequency and phase of oscillations. Mathematical pendulum. Oscillations of a load on a spring. The period of oscillation of a mathematical pendulum and a load on a spring. Energy conversion during harmonic oscillations. Forced vibrations. Resonance. Propagation of vibrations in elastic media. Transverse and longitudinal waves. Wavelength. Relationship between wavelength and the speed of its propagation. Sound waves. Sound speed. Ultrasound. Sound volume and pitch. 2. Molecular physics and thermodynamics. 2.1. Fundamentals of molecular kinetic theory Basic provisions of molecular kinetic theory and their experimental substantiation. Mass and size of molecules. Brownian motion. Mole of substance. Avogadro's constant. The nature of the movement of molecules in gases, liquids and solids. Ideal gas. Basic equation of the molecular kinetic theory of an ideal gas. Temperature and its measurement. Absolute temperature scale. Speed of gas molecules. Clapeyron-Mendeleev equation (equation of state of an ideal gas). Universal gas constant. Isothermal, isochoric and isobaric processes. 2.2. Elements of thermodynamics Thermodynamic system. Internal energy of the system. The amount of heat and work as a measure of changes in internal energy. Heat capacity of the body. The concept of an adiabatic process. First law of thermodynamics. Application of the first law of thermodynamics to isothermal, isochoric and isobaric processes. Calculation of gas work using PV diagrams. Irreversibility of processes in nature. Second law of thermodynamics. Physical basis of the operation of heat engines. Heat engine efficiency and its maximum value. 2.Z. Change in the state of aggregation of a substance Vaporization. Evaporation and condensation. Specific heat of vaporization. Saturated and unsaturated pairs. Air humidity. Crystalline and amorphous state of matter. Mechanical properties of solids. Elastic deformations. 3 . Electrodynamics. 3.1. Electrostatics. Electric charge. Interaction of charged bodies. Point charge. Coulomb's law. Law of conservation of electric charge. Electric field. Electric field strength. Electric field strength lines (field lines). Uniform electric field. The principle of superposition of fields. Electrostatic field strength of a point charge. Electric field of a uniformly charged infinite plane. Electric field of a uniformly charged ball. Work of electrostatic field forces. Potential and potential difference. Field potential of a point charge. Equipotential surfaces. Conductors and dielectrics in an electrostatic field. Dielectric constant of a substance. Electrical capacity. Capacitors. Field of a parallel-plate capacitor. Electrical capacity of a flat capacitor. Series and parallel connection of capacitors. Energy of a charged capacitor. Electric field energy. 3.2. D.C. Electricity. Current strength. Conditions for the existence of direct current in a circuit. Voltage. Measurement of current and voltage. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit. Conductor resistance. Dependence of resistance on temperature. Superconductivity. Serial and parallel connection of conductors. Electromotive force (EMF). Ohm's law for a complete circuit. Current sources, their connection. Work and current power. Joule-Lenz law. Electric current in metals. Electric current in electrolytes. Laws of electrolysis. Electric current in gases. Electric current in a vacuum. Thermionic emission. Electron tube - diode. Cathode-ray tube. Semiconductors. Electrical conductivity of semiconductors and its dependence on temperature. Intrinsic and impurity conductivity of semiconductors. Semiconductor diode. Transistor. 3.Z. Magnetism. Magnetic interaction of currents. A magnetic field. Magnetic field induction. Magnetic induction lines. The concept of the Earth's magnetic field. The force acting on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Ampere's law. The effect of a magnetic field on a moving charge. Lorentz force. Magnetic properties of matter. Ferromagnets. 3.4. Electromagnetic induction. Magnetic flux. Faraday's experiments. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. Law of electromagnetic induction. Lenz's rule. The phenomenon of self-induction. Inductance. Self-induced emf. Magnetic field energy. 3.5. Electromagnetic oscillations and waves. Free electromagnetic oscillations in the circuit. Conversion of energy in an oscillatory circuit. Natural frequency of oscillations in the circuit. Forced electrical oscillations. Alternating electric current. Active, inductive and capacitive reactance. Ohm's law for alternating current. Alternator. Resonance in an electrical circuit. Transformer. Transmission of electrical energy. Electromagnetic waves. The speed of their spread. Properties of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic wave scale.

Entrance test program for persons entering training direction 050100. 68 Pedagogical education (1)
Program
Persons who have a bachelor's degree or a specialist in philology, when entering a master's program in the field of study 050100.68 Pedagogical education for the program "Russian Literature", take one entrance exam - "Literature
The program of entrance examinations and the rules for their conduct at the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "RGEU (Rinkh)" (11)
Program
The program contains characteristics of the general conditions for admission and study in the master's program in the direction of "Economics", with specifications for the master's program "Risk Management of Organizations and Financial Institutions", includes a list
The program of entrance examinations and the rules for their conduct at the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "RGEU (Rinkh)" (9)
Program
This manual is intended for persons enrolling for training in a shortened period of time in the main educational program for bachelor's training in the "Financial Management" profile within the framework of the "Management" direction on the basis of secondary vocational education.
The program of entrance examinations and the rules for conducting them at the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "RGEU (Rinkh)" (12)
Program
This manual is intended for persons enrolling for training in a shortened period of time in the basic educational program for preparing a bachelor of the profile "Finance and Credit" within the framework of the direction "Economics" on the basis of secondary vocational education.
Rules for conducting entrance (certification) tests conducted by the university independently at the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education "Pglu" (in writing) in 2012 Entrance tests at the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education "Pglu" are organized for individuals
Document
Those with secondary vocational education upon admission to undergraduate programs or specialist training programs of the relevant profile;

Denis Ivanovich Fonvizin

Comedy "The Minor" (1782)

Meaning of the name

In the 18th century minors were the children of the nobility who had not reached 15 years of age, i.e., the age appointed by Peter I for entering the service. Fonvizin gave this word a mocking, ironic meaning.

Mitrofan

Mental immaturity

respect: knows neither arithmetic nor geography,

can't tell the difference

adjective from noun

Moral inferiority

respect: does not know how to respect dignity

other people

Minor in civilian clothes

sense: has not matured enough to understand his duty to

state: " Well, what can come out of it for the fatherland?

Mitrofanushki?..»

(Starodum)

Comedy character system

Three groups are clearly distinguished: each contains three male and one female images.

Positive heroes

Negative heroes

Educators

Starodum;

Prostakova;

Prostakov;

Skotinin;

Mitrofan

Eremeevna;

Tsyfirkin;

Kuteikin;

Vralman

Negative heroes

Prostakova

Meaning of the name	From “simple, simpleton.” In the 18th century The word “simple” meant “empty, unoccupied”
Character traits	Despotic, unprincipled. When confronted with a stronger person, he begins to please and ingratiate himself. He robs and punishes peasants, considering them inferior beings. Rude, grumpy, selfish, cares only about her own benefit. Sees the meaning of his life in his son, loves him blindly
Upbringing and education Prostakova	Prostakova inherited her lack of moral principles from her parents. She grew up in a family with eighteen children, of whom only two survived, the rest died due to parental neglect. Prostakova's father, having served as a governor for fifteen years, remained illiterate, but managed to get rich, and died of hunger, lying on a chest of money.
Ambiguity of the image	At the end of Prostakova’s comedy, when her beloved son abandons her, she evokes pity among the heroes and the audience. Prostakova’s character and life attitudes are not her fault, but the result of a bad upbringing
Functions in plot development	Before the comedy begins: taking advantage of Sophia’s orphanhood, he takes possession of her estate. The comedy takes place in Prostakova's house. Prostakova decides to marry Sophia without her consent, first to her brother Skotinin, then to her son Mitrofan. Tries to organize the kidnapping of Sophia and marry her to Mitrofan
Prostakova	- “I love that strangers listen to me.” - “From morning to evening I’m hanging by the tongue, I don’t lay down my hands: I scold, I fight; This is how the house holds together.” - “Since we took away everything the peasants had, we can’t take anything back.” - “A nobleman is not free to whip his servants when he wants! But why have we been given a decree on the freedom of the nobility?” - “My only concern, my only joy is Mitrofanushka. My age is passing. I’m preparing him to become a people.” Prostakova about her father: “It happened that he deigned to shout: I will curse the child who learns something from the infidels, and be it not Skotinin who wants to learn something.”
Pravdin about Prostakova	- “I found a landowner who is a countless fool, and a wife who is a despicable fury, whose hellish disposition brings misfortune to their entire house.” - “Should you be rude to your mother? It was her crazy love for you that brought her the most misfortune.”(Mitrofan)
Sofia about Prostakova	“Hearing that my uncle was making me an heir, I suddenly went from being rude and scolding to being affectionate to the point of being mean.”

Skotinin

Meaning of the name	Derived from “cattle”, “cattle”. On the one hand, it reflects the hero’s love for farm animals (pigs), on the other on the other hand, characterizes him as a rude, mean person
Character traits	Rude, ignorant, tyrannical ( “Isn’t a nobleman free to beat servant whenever he wants? "Any loss Instead of going after him, I’ll rip off my own peasants and end up in the water.”). Narcissistic ( “I’ll say, without boasting, what I am, really, there are few of them”). Mentally undeveloped. The main passion is the love for pigs ( “I love pigs, sis.”)
Upbringing	He was brought up in the same environment as Prostakova. Flaunts his lack of education
Functions in plot development	First he wants to marry Sophia in order to get her estate, famous for pigs, and “have his own piglets”; then - to use Sophia’s inheritance to buy back “all the pigs in the world.” At the end of the comedy, he is instructed to notify “all the Skotinins” (i.e., all the landowners, of whom Skotinin is a typical representative) that they will be punished for their rude attitude towards the servants

Mitrofan

Meaning of the name	Translated from Greek, “representing the mother,” “given by the mother.” The hero's name emphasizes that his mother had the most destructive influence on him. Mitrofan became what he is as a result of improper upbringing
Character traits	Spoiled, capricious, selfish. Incapable of love: he curries favor with his mother while he feels her strength, but when Prostakova is deprived of power in the house, she pushes her away. Selfish, cunning - threatens suicide, pretends to be sick. Lazy, loves to eat, has an aversion to any work - he spends all his time in the dovecote. In dealing with people he is rude and impudent, as he feels the protection of his mother. Cowardly (hides behind Eremeevna's back when Skotinin attacks him)
Upbringing and education	Completely ignorant, despite the fact that teachers teach him. " Tsyfirkin. God gave me a student, a boyar's son. I’ve been fighting him for three years now: I can’t count three can not. - Kuteikin. So we have one problem. I have been tormenting my stomach for four years now. To sit for an hour, except for the butts, he won’t be able to make out a new line; Yes, and he mumbles his behinds, God forgive me, without a warehouse in warehouses, to no avail in his talk». Mitrofan’s phrase “I don’t want to study, I want to get married” became popular
Functions in plot development	Concern for Mitrofan is the reason for Prostakova’s desire to marry Sophia to him. Does not take a direct part in the development of the comedy, but is the cause of many conflicts

Prostakov

Positive heroes

Starodum

Meaning of the name	Means “thinking in the old way”, indicates that his ideals belong to the previous, Petrine, era
Character traits	Honest, noble. Pravdin says about Starodum: “From birth he did not speak the language “yes” when his soul felt “no.” Inertia and inhumanity evoke in him indignation and contempt ( "Nothing like this tormented my heart like innocence in the nets deceit. I've never been like this pleased with himself, as if he had vomited spoils from the hands of vice"). He achieves everything through honest work ( “I retired for several years to the land where money is obtained without exchanging it for conscience, without vile seniority, without robbing the fatherland.”). People are assessed by the benefit they bring to the fatherland, and not by their rank and position in society
Criticism of the court and monarch	- “Almost no one drives along the big straight road, but everyone takes a detour, hoping to get there as quickly as possible.” - “One knocks down the other, and the one who is on his feet never again raises the one who is on the ground.” - “I left the court without villages, without a ribbon, without ranks, but I brought mine home intact, my soul, my honor, my rules.” - “The great sovereign is the wise sovereign. His job is to show people their direct good... A sovereign worthy of the throne strives to elevate the souls of his subjects.” Starodum’s very commitment to Peter’s “antiquity” was a peculiar form of rejection of Catherine’s “newness”
Starodum's instructions to Sophia	- “Everyone will find enough strength in himself to be virtuous. You have to want it decisively, and then the easiest thing will be not to do something for which your conscience would prick you.” - “I will calculate the degree of nobility by the number of deeds that the great gentleman did for the fatherland, and not by the number of deeds that he took upon himself out of arrogance; not by the number of people hanging around in his hallway, but by the number of people satisfied with his behavior and deeds.” - “According to my calculation, the rich man is not the one who counts out money in order to hide it in a chest, but the one who counts out what he has in excess in order to help someone who does not have what he needs.” - “With runaway minds we see bad husbands, bad fathers, bad citizens. Good behavior gives him a direct price. Without it, an intelligent person is a monster.” - “The dignity of the heart is indivisible. An honest person must be a completely honest person."
Upbringing and education	- “The education given to me by my father was the best in that century. At that time there were few ways to learn, and they still didn’t know how to fill an empty head with someone else’s mind.” - “My father constantly repeated the same thing to me: have a heart, have a soul, and you will be a man at all times.”
Functions in plot development	With the arrival of Starodum, the main events of the comedy begin: the matchmaking of Skotinin and Mitrofan, the refusal to marry Sophia, Prostakova’s organization of Sophia’s kidnapping. The inheritance he left to Sophia makes her independent and causes ingratiation from negative characters The desire to marry Sophia to a certain young man with the mutual love of Sophia and Milon and at the same time the readiness to obey his uncle in everything forms an intrigue until it becomes clear that the young man whom Starodum expects to be the husband of his niece and Milon are one person. Through the mouth of Starodum, the thoughts and views of Fonvizin himself are expressed; this is a hero expressing the ideological content of comedy

Pravdin

Meaning of the name

Derived from “truth”, it is truth, i.e. justice, that this hero serves. Attention is focused on the hero’s surname, which gives it special significance: “Skotinin. What about your last name? I didn't hear enough. Pravdin. I call myself Pravdin so that you heard enough"

Activities Pravdin

Serves as an official in the viceroyalty - an institution created in 1775 by Catherine II in each province to oversee the implementation of government decrees locally.

Pravdin considers his main task, not only by virtue of his position, but also “out of his own feat of heart,” to be the suppression of the willfulness of the landowners, who, "having over their people use full power her for evil inhumanely"

Functions in plot development

In the finale of the comedy, Pravdin, on behalf of the government, takes custody of Prostakova’s estate, depriving her of the right to arbitrarily dispose of the peasants

Milo

Characteristic

An exemplary officer, brave and selfless.

He sincerely loves Sophia and does not seek benefits from marrying her.

- “And what is the difference between the fearlessness of a soldier who, in an attack, risks his life along with others, and between the fearlessness of a statesman who speaks the truth to the sovereign, daring to anger him. The judge who, fearing neither vengeance nor the threats of the strong, gave justice to the helpless, is a hero in my eyes.”

Functions in plot development

Claims for Sophia's hand, being the antipode of unworthy contenders - Skotinin and Mitrofan.

He becomes Sophia's fiancé, thereby causing Prostakova's indignation.

Saves Sophia from kidnapping

Sophia

Meaning of the name

Translated from Greek it means “wisdom” (the highest value of the Enlightenment era)

Characteristic

Modest, prudent, virtuous.

He is the embodiment of “virtue in the hands of vice.”

Thirsts for knowledge, seeks moral guidelines

(“Your instructions, uncle, will make up my entire well-being. Give me rules that I must follow. Guide my heart. It is ready to obey you").

Respects elders

Functions in plot development

Prostakova's attitude towards Sophia reveals the thirst for profit and the tyranny of the landowner.

The matchmaking of Skotinin, Mitrofan and Milon to Sophia forms the main storyline of the comedy.

In the finale of the comedy, an attempt to kidnap Sophia leads to the collapse of Prostakova’s power, whose estate Pravdin takes under his guardianship.

Educators

Eremeevna	- “Mama”, i.e. Mitrofan’s nurse. She is attached to the house and owners, protects and protects Mitrofan. For forty years of service I received “ five rubles per year, and five slaps per day». Slave nature, has no self-esteem
Pafnutich Tsyfirkin	Math teacher, former soldier. He doesn’t like to “live idlely”, he’s used to work, but he doesn’t take on his own business. Refuses money for Mitrofan’s education, since the student has not learned anything: “I served the sovereign for more than twenty years. I took money for service, I didn’t take it empty-handed, and I won’t take it.” This earns respect from the goodies, and they reward him beyond expectations.
Sidorich Kuteikin	Teacher of Russian and Church Slavonic languages. Having not completed his studies at the seminary, he asked to be excused from studying, fearing the “abyss of wisdom,” to which he received the answer: “Such and such a seminarian should be dismissed from all teaching: it is written, do not throw pearls before swine, lest they trample him underfoot.” Cunning, greedy, for which he is punished in the final
Vralman	History teacher, German. It turns out that he was a former coachman who, unable to find a job, became a teacher. The fact that Vralman became a teacher respected by the owners of the house speaks of the Prostakovs’ ignorance, of their stupid adherence to the fashion for foreign teachers

Features of the creative method in comedy

Features of classicism

The principle of the highest assessment of a person: serving the state, fulfilling his civic duty;

The contrast between two eras, characteristic of Russian classicism: Peter’s and the one to which the author belongs;

The rule of “three unities” is observed: time, place, action (the action takes place during the day on Prostakova’s estate);

The plot is built on a traditional classicist basis - the rivalry between worthy and unworthy suitors for the heroine's hand;

A strict system of images, dividing characters into positive and negative;

Speaking names and surnames;

Static characters (their characters do not change)

Genre originality

The comic takes on a darkly tragic character, farcical brawls are no longer perceived as traditional funny sideshows

Fonvizin was the creator of social comedy in Russia. Through the educational opposition of the world of evil to the world of reason, the content of the everyday satirical comedy

received a philosophical interpretation

The function of the sounding board of classical drama has changed. Starodum Fonvizin acts as a political speaker, and his speeches are a form of presentation of a political program

For the first time in Russian drama, the love affair of comedy was completely relegated to the background and acquired auxiliary significance.

Ms. Prostakova(Trishka). Get out, you bastard. (Eremeevna.) Come on, Eremeevna, let the child have breakfast. After all, I hope the teachers will come soon.

Eremeevna. He already, mother, deigned to eat five buns.

Mrs. Prostakova. So you feel sorry for the sixth one, beast? What zeal! Please take a look.

Eremeevna. Cheers, mother. I said this for Mitrofan Terentyevich. I grieved until the morning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Oh, mother of God! What happened to you, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, mother. Yesterday after dinner it hit me.

Skotinin. Yes, apparently, brother, you had a hearty dinner.

Mitrofan. And I, uncle, almost didn’t have dinner at all.

Prostakov. I remember, my friend, you wanted to eat something.

Mitrofan. What! Three slices of corned beef, and hearth slices, I don’t remember, five, I don’t remember, six.

Eremeevna. Every now and then he asked for a drink at night. I deigned to eat a whole jug of kvass.

Mitrofan. And now I’m walking around like crazy. All night such rubbish was in my eyes.

Mrs. Prostakova. What rubbish, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. Yes, either you, mother, or father.

Ms. Prostakova. How is this possible?

Mitrofan. As soon as I start to fall asleep, I see that you, mother, deign to beat father.

Prostakov(to the side). Well! my misfortune! sleep in hand!

Mitrofan(softening up). So I felt sorry.

Ms. Prostakova(with annoyance). Who, Mitrofanushka?

Mitrofan. You, mother: you are so tired, beating your father.

Mrs. Prostakova. Surround me, my dear friend! Here, son, is my only consolation.

Skotinin. Well, Mitrofanushka! You, I see, are a mother’s son, not a father’s son.

Prostakov. At least I love him, as a parent should, he’s a smart child, he’s a sensible child, he’s funny, he’s an entertainer; sometimes I am beside myself with him, with joy I truly don’t believe that he is my son, Skotinin. Only now our funny man is standing there, frowning.

Mrs. Prostakova. Shouldn't we send for a doctor to the city?

Mitrofan. No, no, mother. I'd rather get better on my own. Now I’ll run to the dovecote, maybe...

Mrs. Prostakova. So maybe God is merciful. Go and have some fun, Mitrofanushka.

Mitrofan and Eremeevna leave.

IN 1. Indicate the genre to which D.I. Fonvizin’s play “The Minor” belongs.

AT 2. Name the literary movement that was developed in the literature of the 18th century, the principles of which were embodied in the play by D.I. Fonvizina.

AT 3. The above scene conveys a lively conversation between the characters. What is this form of communication between characters in a work of art called?

AT 4. As the play progresses, the author's explanations and comments are given (“to the side,” “softened,” “with annoyance”). What term do they use?

AT 5. The characters’ speech is replete with words and expressions that violate literary norms (“such rubbish,” “take me away,” etc.). Indicate this type of speech.

AT 6. The names and surnames of the characters in this episode carry a certain meaning. What are these first and last names called?

AT 7. The given scene contains information about the characters, the place and time of the action, and describes the circumstances that took place before it began. Indicate the stage in the development of the plot, which is characterized by the named features.

C1. What can you say about the education system in the Prostakov family?

C2. What works of Russian writers satirically depict the morals of the nobles and what brings them closer to the play by D.I. Fonvizin?

Genre originality

Test

Fonvizin "Nedorosl"