Mysticism and mystery in works of art. Riddles for the Artist on the topic of drawing Riddles in oral folk society

A riddle is a special type of wit that has always received attention in society. This part of folklore was actively used for training, creating a certain mood and ideas among people of different ages and status. Russian folk riddles appropriate to the occasion appeared in textbooks, books, magazines and newspapers, and were also distributed orally.

Concept and features of Russian folk riddles

As a rule, riddles are understood as an allegory in the form of a description of things or phenomena, given in interrogative form. The addition of “Russian folk” implies that it appeared and is used in the territories of Slavic countries or among the Russian-speaking population.

Many people, understanding the essence of this part of folklore, are not able to give it a clear definition, but they will certainly cite one of the riddles they know as an example. Among the features of this phenomenon are:

The sphere of distribution is all Slavic peoples and territories. Russian folk riddles, proverbs, sayings and jokes include folklore from all over the territory of the former Russian Empire (USSR). Moreover, there are Belarusian, Mari, Volga, Siberian, etc. mysteries.
No copyright. It is impossible to identify the specific creator of the riddles. They simply appear at a certain period, become obsolete, disappear, or are reworked into more modern versions. So collections of various riddles are not written, but compiled.
Specific item. Folklore, especially those intended for children, extremely rarely deals with abstract concepts such as life, death, soul and morality, but focuses on specific concepts. For example, Russian folk stories do not talk about this phenomenon, but about completely tangible clouds or smoke, that is, about things that everyone has seen and can identify.

Place in folklore and free creativity

Russian folk riddles are one of the most significant and living poetic genres that can be used to understand the world in society. Even 60-70 years ago, they made up a significant part of the leisure time of young people, and the official authorities used them, among other things, for propaganda.

The peak of the study of riddles as part of folklore and the compilation of collections occurred in the 19th-20th centuries. In particular, in 1837, “Tales of the Russian People” and “Proverbs” were published, compiled by the talented archaeologist and traveler I. P. Sakharov. And in 1976, D. N. Sadovnikov released his “Riddles of the Russian People”. The collection of 2504 items was subsequently reprinted several times.

The USSR also paid some attention to riddles. In 1932, edited by M. A. Rybnikova, the most complete collection was published, including folklore of various regions, creativity of schoolchildren and new “Soviet” ideas.

2 plows. 2 turnips. There's a factory in the middle. RSFSR.
Not a beet or a carrot, but a red head. Pioneer.
Someone with a voice, but without a voice. Disenfranchised, that is, deprived of his rights.

Subsequently, the serious work of M. A. Rybnikova became a source for the creation of educational children's books. Riddles from it can be found in many modern publications.

In the 21st century, the number of new riddles has noticeably decreased, but they themselves have become much more complex and sometimes smack of cynical humor. The legacy of Soviet times is also used everywhere - in primary school textbooks and educational literature for the youngest (3-6 years old).

Outdated riddles. Forms

Like any part of the Russian language, folklore is characterized by renewal. First of all, Russian folk mysteries about things that have fallen out of use are forgotten. For example:

I'll plow an open field. I'll catch up with the black sheep. Bread in the oven.
Troshka stands on one leg, crumbling fiery crumbs. Light - a stand for a torch.
The black ezdin rides on the stove. Furnace grip.

Technological progress has erased a lot from folklore, and there was nothing to fill the void. At the moment, 80% of all known riddles, one way or another, use outdated words and expressions - caftan, horde, millstone, king, etc. While they are still understood by people (and especially children) and remain part of the cultural tradition.

Commonly used riddles have several verbal forms:

Narrative with interrogative intonation. For example: "Four brothers stand under one roof." Table.
Poems of varying lengths - from 6 to 30-40 words. For example: “A house grew up in a field. The house is full of grain. The walls are gilded. The shutters are boarded up. The house shakes. On a gold pillar.” Rye.
Ongoing. This type is characterized by a smooth description of a thing, where each subsequent phrase is a continuation of the previous one. For example: “There were pitchforks, and on the forks there was a barrel. On the barrel there was a wave. On the wave there was a swing. On the swing there was a yawn. On the yawn there was a sniffle. There was a blinking on the nose. There was a field blinking. Above the field there was a forest, and in the forest the pigs had golden bristles.” Human.

It is worth noting that this kind of Russian folk tales are often oversaturated with allegories. They should be given either to adults or to children over 10 years of age.

Poetic riddles

It is noted that folklore in poetic form seems more vivid to the ear and is easier to remember. Most well-known riddles and sayings, including very short ones, rhyme. The most commonly used trochee is trimeter or tetrameter:

There is an awl at the front. Behind the wheel. There is a towel on the chest. Martin.
White mansions. Red backwaters. Goose.
What is before us? Two shafts behind the ears, a wheel in front of the eyes and a nurse on the nose. Glasses.

Russian folk riddles in verse can have 2 types:

1. Rhyming question.

2. An unfinished poem, where the answer is the last word in rhyme. Most often they are used to teach children counting, the alphabet, and natural history.

and weather

Various natural phenomena have always been the subject of close attention in folklore. Water, earth, moon, rivers, stars and many other things - they were all the subject of riddles. Moreover, the peak of their appearance occurred precisely at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, when people began to pay much more attention to the world around them. At that time, Russian folk riddles appeared about air, fog, smoke and clouds - very ephemeral phenomena.

Good, good. He looks at everyone, but doesn’t look at himself. Sun.
White bird in the sky. Resting on a block of snow. Moon in the clouds.
She ran and made noise. She died and sparkled. frozen river.
There's a pillar on the street. In the hut - tablecloth. Smoke.
An eagle flies across the blue sky. She spread her wings and covered the sun. Cloud.
I give an answer to every call, but my body and soul do not. Echo.

An equally popular subject is the seasons and weather phenomena. Particularly interesting are Russian folk winters and events associated with them such as snow, leaf fall, frost, blizzard and wind.

and people

Children's thinking requires pointing to specific things, and therefore Russian folk riddles about animals (wild and domestic) have always constituted a significant part of this type of folklore. Moreover, they are doubly useful, since in a playful way they convey to the child information about leashes, behavior or the danger of a particular animal. For example:

Small, but light. But you can’t lift it by the tail. Lizard.
Behind the field and forest there is a mountain of sand boiling. Anthill.
He jumps in the swamp and swims like a human. Frog.
With horns, but not a bull. Runs like a dragonfly. Jumps like a flea. Deer.
A sieve hangs. Not made by hand. Web.
It flies - squeaks, sits - is silent. Whoever kills him will shed his blood. Mosquito.
I wake everyone up on time, even though I don’t wind the clock. Rooster.
Prowls through the fields. Looking for lambs and calves. Wolf.

Children's Russian folk riddles, dedicated to a person, allow you to teach your child the basics of anatomy in an entertaining way. They will teach you how to identify body parts based on description alone.

2 brothers live across the street. One does not see the other. Eyes.
5 brothers live. Everyone has the same name. Fingers.
Between the two I was the only one shining. Nose.
One speaks. Two look, two listen. Mouth, eyes and ears.
What part of a person is always wet? Language.

Riddles about numbers, the alphabet and the educational process

After the revolution of 1917 and the formation of a new state, society began to pay great attention to the literacy of the population. It was common practice to send elderly people who already had grandchildren to reading classes. But among the younger generation, the prestige of education helped spread Russian folk riddles, poems and ditties about ignoramuses. All folklore on this topic can be divided into the following groups:

1. About educational supplies - notebooks, books, textbooks, etc.

White field, black seed. He who sows it understands it. Book.
When is a sighted person blind? Illiterate.
He doesn’t speak, he doesn’t tell, but he shows by example. Poster.
The whole world is placed on one paper. Geographic map.

2. About the alphabet, numbers and other sciences.

Children's Russian folk riddles, composed in poetic form (with an answer-ending), are very effective as a means of teaching first-graders the basics of writing and arithmetic.

Riddles about food and things

The most updated part of folklore, in which riddles die out after certain things fall out of use. But instead of them, new ones also appear regularly. So you can easily find riddles about a Russian stove, a poker or a rocker, as well as about a computer, a cell phone, a car or an airplane.

The subject matter of this group is very broad and in any collection you can easily find a riddle about Russian folk instruments, clothing, heating, needlework, technology, etc.

It strokes everything it touches, and if you touch it, it bites. Iron.
The horse is steel, and the tail is silk (linen). Needle and thread.
Meets with one hand. Another escorts. Door.

Riddles about food are mostly centered around a few essential products that are available to everyone - bread (slices, loaves), salt, sugar, pancakes, dough, milk.

Riddles for adults. Erotic folklore

There is an opinion that Russian folk riddles about nature, things and food are intended for children. But it is not so. A huge layer of folklore is directly related to adults. And these are not only particularly complex forms, but also erotic riddles - the “18+” category. Despite strict religious and then party censorship, they flourished at all times.

Riddles for adults are always ambiguous and deeply ironic, as they are based on disappointed expectations. When pronouncing the text, the performer pretends that he does not understand the sexual meaning of key words like “hole”, “tugging”, “hollowing”, etc. And the main lie is that the answer to the riddle does not contain an immodest meaning. For example:

Two apples in moss. Carrot on top. Eyes and nose.
It dangles between the legs - it's called the letter "x". As soon as he sees the letter "p" he immediately rises. Elephant trunk and food.
Ass to mouth. Egg.
Hangs - dangles. Everyone grabs hold of him. Towel.

Riddles, as part of folklore, exist in all countries. But Russians stand out against the global background for their numbers, diversity of forms and significance for society.

Goals:

Generalization of students’ knowledge on the topics of fine arts being studied;
Development of creative thinking, enrichment of horizons;
Fostering a sense of collectivism and cooperation.

Tasks:

test the knowledge acquired by students in simple genres of fine art;
promote the development of ingenuity, logical thinking, imagination, and erudition in children;
develop the ability to listen to the opinions of classmates and logically express your point of view.

Materials and equipment:

For the teacher: PowerPoint presentation with tasks, puzzle with lesson topic , audio recording

For students: Paper FA-4, FA-2, crossword puzzle for each team on FA-3, cards with names of paintings and authors, cards describing portraits of fairy-tale characters, gouache, palette for each child, brushes, hand napkins, felt-tip pens, colored paper glue scissors, simple pencils.

Type of lesson: Lesson on generalization and systematization of knowledge

Progress of the creative marathon

Command View
Riddles Smart
Riddles Fantastic
Riddles Movable
Riddles Theoretical
Riddles Artistic
Summarizing

During the classes.

Teacher. Hello!

So, friends, attention -
After all, the bell rang.
Sit back comfortably
Let's start the lesson soon.

You will find out the topic of our lesson if you guess the puzzle

(I post a rebus on the board, the children guess the topic of the lesson encrypted in it)

Teacher. What did we get? That's right, RIDDLES! And the topic of our lesson today is “Riddles”, and the riddles are not easy, but especially for novice artists.

We will work with you in teams. Can you solve riddles? Let's do a little warm-up.

Doesn't look human
But he has a heart
And work all year round
He gives his heart.
He writes when dictated,
He both draws and draws.
And this evening
He will color the album for me.

Children . Pencil!

Teacher. Well done. So your team is called “Pencils”. You will guess the next riddle, and you will find out the name of the second team.

Your braid without fear
She dips it in paint.
Then with a dyed braid
In the album he leads along the page.

Children . Brush!

Teacher. So we found out the name of the second team. This is the Tassels team. Yes, guys, and today we have Mrs. Palitra and Signor Tube in our lesson. I propose to elect them to the jury. Do you agree?

Children. Yes!

Teacher. Now we have two teams: Pencils and Brushes, the esteemed jury, and all we have to do is begin our marathon of fine art riddles. You have to draw or create an emblem. While the music is playing, you draw and glue; if the music becomes quieter, then it’s time to finish, and if it stops completely, you need to put all the materials aside. So, time has passed.

(children create an emblem)

Teacher. Introduce your teams and display your logos.

(children show the emblem and introduce their team)

Teacher. As I promised, the riddles will not be easy.

First stage - Riddles Smart

In fine art there are a lot of expressions, a lot of materials for conveying images. Insert the desired letter into the cell, write the entire word, solve the crossword puzzle now. Smart guys, get ready! Each correctly guessed word will earn you one forfeit (for pencils, these are pencils cut out of colored cardboard, and for brushes, these are tassels). And one more surprise: there is a hidden word in the crossword puzzle. Whoever finds the word will bring an additional phantom to his team.

Teacher. So let's begin! (children guess the crossword puzzle ( Annex 1 ), music is playing)

The music stopped

Teacher. Time is up, we hand over the crossword puzzles to the jury to sum up the results.

Second stage - Fantastic Riddles

The leaves have lines, circles, curls, dashes and dots. You must use your imagination to create an image. (Sheets with images of various lines are distributed, children work to the music).

Teacher. We present the work to the jury. Creativity, imagination, fantasy, and originality will be assessed. (The jury evaluates and speaks the results of the first stage. We put the earned forfeits into decorated envelopes that are attached to the easels)

Teacher. While the jury is working, we begin

Third stage - Movable Riddles

The team needs to line up according to hair color. Pencils - from lightest to darkest, Brushes - from darkest to lightest. (The jury evaluates).

Teacher.

Next stage - Theoretical Riddles

After viewing reproductions of paintings, players write down the number of the painting corresponding to a particular artist. (We pass the cards ( Appendix 2 ) for jury evaluation). Each correct answer is worth one point.

Teacher. And last

stage, fifth - Artistic riddles

Find out the portrait from the description and draw it. (I explain the work algorithm to the children, tell them about the time)

For the first team: “This is what she looked like: her carrot-colored hair was braided into two tight braids that stuck out in different directions; the nose looked like a tiny potato, and besides, it was speckled with freckles; White teeth sparkled in his large, wide mouth. She was wearing a blue dress, but since she apparently didn’t have enough blue material, she sewed red patches into it here and there. She pulled long stockings of different colors onto her very thin and thin legs: one was brown and the other was black. And the huge black shoes seemed about to fall off...”

For the second team: “There was a long pole near the fence, with a straw effigy sticking out on it to drive away the birds. The head of the stuffed animal was made of a bag filled with straw, with eyes and a mouth painted on it, so that it looked like a funny human face. The scarecrow was dressed in a worn blue caftan; Here and there straw stuck out from the holes in the caftan. On his head was an old shabby hat, with the bells cut off, and on his feet were old blue boots...”

Teams read the description of a fairy-tale hero ( Appendix 3 ) within their team, decide who will draw what and get to work.

At the end of the work, the teacher reads out the description, shows the drawing and asks the other team to recognize the fairy-tale character.

(the jury evaluates)

Teacher. And now we will ask the jury to announce the results of our marathon “IZO - Riddles”

(speech by the jury)

Teacher. You did a great job today, everyone was active. Working as a team, everyone knew that the overall success depended on them. And our jury, Mrs. Palitra and Signor Tube, want to award you with certificates.

(we award certificates of commendation)

Teacher. Thank you everybody. This concludes our lesson.

The picture that delights us

Where is the person, at least in profile, at least in full face. (Portrait.)

Where do the brushes dive?

When drawing leaves

On a thin aspen tree

Behind the forest path? (In paint.)

On a chocolate colored platter

Portrait of the gifts of a large garden. (Still life.)

Whose fluffy thin nose

Transfers to the picture

Different colors of paints,

So that a portrait of a cat appears? (Brush.)

Perfect for that material

Oil paints lay down,

And the artist has such fabric

Prime before work! (Canvas.)

In an apartment, office or castle

Nature views in a gilded frame. (Scenery.)

What to call artists

Who can tell

Drawing only

Seascapes? (Marinists.)

What colors are we great?

Dilute with room water

And after this stage

Do we draw ears and paws for a tiger? (Watercolor.)

That artist is great for everyone

Draws a bloody battle. (Battleist.)

At the landscape painter's until night

A working place. (Plein air.)

Suitable scenarios for the holiday:

Aivazovsky showed us The Ninth Wave. In the pine forest, Shishkin gave the morning. Squared...
Guest presentation. A beautifully designed frame is prepared in advance. The presenter asks questions about someone from...
Once upon a time there were two sisters (showing palms), and everything was fine with them! (Hands…
A poem-game using several gaming techniques: - finger or gesture play (the presenter tells…
Necessary equipment: video on firefighting topics, photos of firefighters, modest prizes for children, costume...
Many characters in plays, including our play, wear fancy shoes, for example...

1. I’ll ask Tanya a question:
- Who lives on the staff:
Seven pretty sisters
Wonderful singers?
Answer, what are you saying?
Who are the sisters? ...

2. What kind of monster is this?
Howling in the hall at a concert?
The mouth opened - the teeth were there.
They hit him in those teeth.
And having all three legs,
Will not rush along the path,
The gas doesn't press even though there is a pedal...
The name of the monster? ...

3. If there are seven notes in a row
They stand in their places
What do we call a family of notes?
Who will call me quickly?
Slava answered first.
What did he answer? ...

4. There is a boss for all notes.
His belly is round.
He locked the camp,
And he almost ruined the lesson.
- You are strict, but not prickly.
Open the mill...

5. Six notes in a row
They quickly lined up.
And one, apparently, overslept,
I was late for construction.
Note, dear sister,
Where would you like to sit here?
Wants to be first in the octave,
Lowest on the staff.
He wants to be the first! Wow!
Who is this? Note …

6. You can hardly imagine
The words began to sing a note:
The RAILS and the RIVER began to roar,
REvolver, BELT and buckwheat,
Even Radish is on the mountain.
Everyone sang a note...

7. Everyone began to call dad Sha,
Mom began to be called Ludla...
Well, you, note, are good!
She took from the names and left.
What have you done to people?
Come back, note...

8. FA ra suddenly sang a note,
FanFara sings two at once.
This note is specifically
Climbed into words
To sound musical.
What note? Note …

9. What do we make soup from?
From potatoes and cereals.
We also add beans to the soup.
We don't just put a note...

10. This note is at least modest,
I'm good with syllables!
With the software, fields were formed,
With TOPO - slim and beautiful.
What about ZEM? My planet!
What is the name of this note?

11. This note is getting younger,
She stands later than everyone else.
She can sing too
Although it squeaks subtly.
What is her name? Ask!
And she will answer: ...

12. Only this note sign
Says to all notes like this:
“March all the way down a semitone!”
Those words for notes are the law!
Down a semitone? Please!
Lord of notes -...

13. “Hey, friends, note guys,
I'll give you some work:
Run up a semitone!” -
He invites Notok,
Looks who got where.
This is a musical note...

14. From sharps and flats
He lets him go free
Notes. Good note sign!
Tell me what is his name?
And like bees nectar,
Love notes sign...

15. In this picture there is a sea,
The storm is raging in the open air.
From under the foamy wave
The ships are barely visible.
But why are you so surprised?
Spectator, student Anton?
He said: “This is the picture!
With a female name...

16.Put in this vase
Many different fruits at once.
With paints at your easel
The fifth grader sat down, Albert.
The fruit in the vase is first grade!
What does he draw? ...

17. In the picture there is a forest, a river,
What runs from afar
On the grass by this river
Sheep scattered everywhere.

And also on the canvas -
In the distance behind the haze there are ridges...
Tell me, children,
What is the name of the picture? ...

18. On one leg, like a spinning top,
A slender ballerina is spinning,
As if the key was in the toy
There's a secret spring wound up somewhere.
The world has never seen such a performance!
What is this called? ...

19. He has the figure of a violin,
But be stronger, it’s not flimsy!
Powerful voice, low bass.
The instrument is called...

20. Managed to settle down
The note in the word BLUE, braid,
And in the words: Lilac, Tit,
Boletus, fox,
SIEVE, STRENGTH, SILHOUETTE.
What note? I'm waiting for your answer!

21. We asked Vanya a question.
- Do you play the accordion?
- No! I'll explain in a moment.
At least that instrument is similar
Indeed, to the accordion, -
Ivan answers us, -
Keys like on a piano
What's in the concert hall?
He has white ones.
Call him...

ANSWERS: 1. NOTES. 2. PIANO. 3. OCTAVE.
4. KEY. 5. BEFORE. 6. RE. 7. MI. 8. FA. 9. SALT.
10. LA. 11. SI. 12. FLATT. 13. SHARP. 14. BEKAR.
15. MARINA. 16. STILL LIFE. 17. LANDSCAPE.
18. BALLET. 19. DOUBLE BASS. 20. SI.
21. ACCORDION.

Reviews

to verse 21

And in two thousand tenths,
I'll tell you guys
Suddenly the accordion decided
And I became friends with the organ.

Interesting hybrid! Well, who is he now?
Not an electric organ - and not an accordion...
the voice is softer and denser, not creaking.
Sings Glory to God like a choir... Rib organ.
(Rib-organ)

And Accordion was only surprised:
How did the organ sound come about:
Just like in church: Clean, golden!
My timbre cannot be heard behind you!

Rib sang: sorry, Accordion!
I was born to be louder than you.
Akkor answered: everything is fine, friend!
You are my brother, handsome rib organ!
Maybe it will sound with the program -
Maybe without. Big and flexible!
From two-thousand-tenths
Ribik sings to us from the heart!

Even though I don’t play the “riba”,
I know a lot about him:
I'm studying organs,
Everyone should know about this!

Sincerely, CyberOrganist Zhenya

By verse 19:

The double bass is, yes, heavy.
Not from the violin, from the viola.
Know everything that double bass -
The youngest son of viola-bass.